Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability, road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution.
Smart Road Technology for Traffic Management and ITS Infrastructure Assessmen...IJAEMSJORNAL
This technical work describe infrastructure requirement and the working principles and procedures involved in operation of a Smart Road. A Smart Road is similar to a conventional highway but the difference is, it is equipped with the electronic gadgets required to capture static and dynamic physical entities occupied on the road at a given time and location. Nowadays traffic safety and highway congestion has become a serious concern to the Authorities and required to be managed them within the available resources. Also it is not possible to increase the capacity of highway infrastructure to compete with increase in traffic. In cities on highway system, large amount of traffic data being generated and an integrated approach is required for the efficient management transportation system. Smart Road is an innovative approach wherein Information Communication Technologies (ICT) is merged with traditional infrastructure and integrated with digital technologies. Critical examination of literature review reveals that many technologies are available for data capturing and management. Notable among them are by using ultrasonic sensors, light sensors, motion sensors, camera and IOT devices. The data collected by the devices would be managed through cloud computing and big data analytic methods. To assess the current traffic situation spot speeds and traffic volumes are captured for peak and non-peak on the Express Highway and from the data captured 85th percentile speed and LoS are estimated. Smart road technology is discussed for transportation system management. And IT infrastructure requirement for capturing traffic related data demonstrated for the selected road in Muscat.
Implementing Intelligent Transport Systems in the Creation of Smart Citiesijtsrd
The article summarizes briefly the issues of creating smart cities using intelligent transport systems. Also, innovative processes in the use of smart city technology, effective traffic management in the city and decreasing the number of road accidents RTA , preventing traffic violations, data about collecting of data on the digital road network and ways that do not require cable laying, based on the Power Cube 500 technology are stated in this article. Karrieva Ya. K. | Karrieva B. K. "Implementing Intelligent Transport Systems in the Creation of "Smart Cities"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47784.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47784/implementing-intelligent-transport-systems-in-the-creation-of-smart-cities/karrieva-ya-k
Traffic Monitoring and Control System Using IoTijtsrd
This research aims to monitor the traffic condition and to control the traffic light. This system can reduce not only traffic congestion but also waiting time. This system is designed to be implemented in places nearing the junctions. This research is based on the effective use of Internet of Things IoT . This system will display the traffic conditions in the website and the traffic light can be controlled from this website. This system has been implemented by using esp8266, ultrasonic sensor and arduino. Esp8266 nodemcu which is IoT device is used to transmit the traffic information to the website which is connected with this device. Ultrasonic sensors are placed on each road to sense the presence and absence of vehicles. Traffic information is received from these sensors. Traffic light prototype is built by using an arduino UNO. This traffic light can be controlled from the website. The system will display the traffic states in the website that can guide the drivers to select the right way and avoid traffic congestions. Ei Swe Zin | Kyaw Zin Latt ""Traffic Monitoring and Control System Using IoT"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25138.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25138/traffic-monitoring-and-control-system-using-iot/ei-swe-zin
Since the development of advanced metering and digital technology, Smart City has been equipped based on things IOT in different electronic devices, and therefore smarter than before. The purpose of this paper is to carry out the concept of smart cities and their motivation and application of a comprehensive review. In addition, the survey describes the intelligent networking technology and smart cities and major components of urban functions. This also explains the major challenges and experiences around the world. Mukesh Kumawat | Mr. Durgesh Kumar | Dr. Garima Mathur ""IOT Based Smart Cities"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23246.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23246/iot-based-smart-cities/mukesh-kumawat
Smart Road Technology for Traffic Management and ITS Infrastructure Assessmen...IJAEMSJORNAL
This technical work describe infrastructure requirement and the working principles and procedures involved in operation of a Smart Road. A Smart Road is similar to a conventional highway but the difference is, it is equipped with the electronic gadgets required to capture static and dynamic physical entities occupied on the road at a given time and location. Nowadays traffic safety and highway congestion has become a serious concern to the Authorities and required to be managed them within the available resources. Also it is not possible to increase the capacity of highway infrastructure to compete with increase in traffic. In cities on highway system, large amount of traffic data being generated and an integrated approach is required for the efficient management transportation system. Smart Road is an innovative approach wherein Information Communication Technologies (ICT) is merged with traditional infrastructure and integrated with digital technologies. Critical examination of literature review reveals that many technologies are available for data capturing and management. Notable among them are by using ultrasonic sensors, light sensors, motion sensors, camera and IOT devices. The data collected by the devices would be managed through cloud computing and big data analytic methods. To assess the current traffic situation spot speeds and traffic volumes are captured for peak and non-peak on the Express Highway and from the data captured 85th percentile speed and LoS are estimated. Smart road technology is discussed for transportation system management. And IT infrastructure requirement for capturing traffic related data demonstrated for the selected road in Muscat.
Implementing Intelligent Transport Systems in the Creation of Smart Citiesijtsrd
The article summarizes briefly the issues of creating smart cities using intelligent transport systems. Also, innovative processes in the use of smart city technology, effective traffic management in the city and decreasing the number of road accidents RTA , preventing traffic violations, data about collecting of data on the digital road network and ways that do not require cable laying, based on the Power Cube 500 technology are stated in this article. Karrieva Ya. K. | Karrieva B. K. "Implementing Intelligent Transport Systems in the Creation of "Smart Cities"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47784.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47784/implementing-intelligent-transport-systems-in-the-creation-of-smart-cities/karrieva-ya-k
Traffic Monitoring and Control System Using IoTijtsrd
This research aims to monitor the traffic condition and to control the traffic light. This system can reduce not only traffic congestion but also waiting time. This system is designed to be implemented in places nearing the junctions. This research is based on the effective use of Internet of Things IoT . This system will display the traffic conditions in the website and the traffic light can be controlled from this website. This system has been implemented by using esp8266, ultrasonic sensor and arduino. Esp8266 nodemcu which is IoT device is used to transmit the traffic information to the website which is connected with this device. Ultrasonic sensors are placed on each road to sense the presence and absence of vehicles. Traffic information is received from these sensors. Traffic light prototype is built by using an arduino UNO. This traffic light can be controlled from the website. The system will display the traffic states in the website that can guide the drivers to select the right way and avoid traffic congestions. Ei Swe Zin | Kyaw Zin Latt ""Traffic Monitoring and Control System Using IoT"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25138.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25138/traffic-monitoring-and-control-system-using-iot/ei-swe-zin
Since the development of advanced metering and digital technology, Smart City has been equipped based on things IOT in different electronic devices, and therefore smarter than before. The purpose of this paper is to carry out the concept of smart cities and their motivation and application of a comprehensive review. In addition, the survey describes the intelligent networking technology and smart cities and major components of urban functions. This also explains the major challenges and experiences around the world. Mukesh Kumawat | Mr. Durgesh Kumar | Dr. Garima Mathur ""IOT Based Smart Cities"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23246.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23246/iot-based-smart-cities/mukesh-kumawat
The number of automobiles on the road will only increase due to the ever increasing population development in urban areas across the world and manufacturers ongoing manufacturing of all types of vehicles. This inevitably causes additional traffic congestion, which is exacerbated during rush hour and especially in big urban areas. Urban planners, local officials, and academics are continuously under pressure from this phenomenon to find methods to make traffic management systems safer and more cost effective. Numerous researches have been carried out to solve this ongoing issue, leading to some major advancements like specific lanes for emergency vehicles in metropolitan areas. Even with these lanes, it is sometimes challenging to meet the appropriate goal timeframes for emergency vehicles to arrive at their locations. Intelligent Transportation System is a fresh approach that aims to solve this problem ITS . By fusing present infrastructure with existing technologies, this approach can aid in problem solving. In this paper, three alternative traffic management techniques RFID, Internet of Things, and Traffic Light Systems TLS , which can be static or dynamic IoT . In the latter approach, traffic data are swiftly gathered and delivered to Big Data for analysis, while mobile applications, also known as User Interface UI , are used to evaluate traffic density in various places and offer alternate traffic relief suggestions. Bharti Kumari | Vinod Mahor "Review: Smart Traffic Management System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50595.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/50595/review-smart-traffic-management-system/bharti-kumari
Techniques for Smart Traffic Control: An In-depth ReviewEditor IJCATR
Inadequate space and funds for the construction of new roads and the steady increase in number of vehicles has prompted
scholars to investigate other solutions to traffic congestion. One area gaining interest is the use of smart traffic control systems (STCS)
to make traffic routing decisions. These systems use real time data and try to mimic human reasoning thus prove promising in vehicle
traffic control and management. This paper is a review on the motivations behind the emergence of STCS and the different types of
these systems in use today for road traffic management. They include – fuzzy expert systems (FES), artificial neural networks (ANN)
and wireless sensor networks (WSN). We give an in depth study on the design, benefits and limitations of each technique. The paper
cites and analyses a number of successfully tested and implemented STCS. From these reviews we are able to derive comparisons of
the STCS discussed in this paper. For instance, for a learning or adaptive system, ANN is the best approach; for a system that just
routes traffic based on real time data and does not need to derive any data patterns afterwards, then FES is the best approach; for a
cheaper alternative to the FES, then WSN is the least costly approach. All prove effective in traffic control and management with
respect to the context in which each of them is used.
Interoperability for intelligent traffic management systems in smart citiesIJECEIAES
Intelligent traffic management systems (ITMS) are essential for safe and livable smart cities. However, achieving seamless interoperability between diverse devices and services is challenging due to the lack of universal open standards. This study examines different types of interoperability (syntactic, semantic, network, middleware, and security) and their relationships with ITMS in the smart city context. By discussing requirements, challenges, and potential standards, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of interoperability issues in ITMS. It highlights the importance of standardization and collaboration among stakeholders, including policymakers, urban planners, and technology providers, to achieve interoperability. Addressing these challenges can optimize ITMS performance and contribute to smarter, sustainable cities. The study categorically examines challenges and potential standards, offering a framework for future research and practice. By advancing our understanding of ITMS interoperability, this research facilitates improved traffic management and smarter city development, enhancing urban residents’ quality of life. It makes a significant contribution to the field by emphasizing the critical role of interoperability in effective traffic management systems and the advancement of smart cities. By addressing interoperability challenges, we can create safer, more efficient, and sustainable transportation networks, fostering the development of livable cities.
Nowadays the vehicle accident rate has been increasing as compared to the previous decade. This system proposes a solution to minimize the action time after an accident. It has the capability of ensuring the drivers safety along with the co-passengers and can easily be integrated with the car. The vehicle is connected to a hardware device that detects the collision with the help of a vibration sensor. The hardware device also consists of a fire sensor that senses fire breakouts. It communicates with an application in the Smartphone through Zigbee Bluetooth whenever collision or fire is sensed. If the driver doesnt want to communicate any information, he can cancel using the reset switch. Once the Bluetooth connection is established, the application would track and communicate the victims GPS location along with the patients entire medical report to their companions as well as the nearest hospital through an SMS. The application also checks the availability of the blood in the nearest blood bank and sends a notification back as soon as the availability of blood is ensured. A. Geetha | Shahanaz Khan N | Sneha Rajagopal | Soundariya B"An IOT based solution for Road Accidents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11158.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/11158/an-iot-based-solution-for-road-accidents/a-geetha
A smart traffic management is a wide topic of research. Many modifications can be made to make the urban traffic flow smoothly on the roads. The increasing utilization of private vehicles and public transportation due to advancement of technology causes hectic traffic complexities for the civilians across the globe. The problem of traffic congestion is an everyday problem for human resource and therefore hinders the growth of the country by affecting its productivity as well as economy. Moreover, the traffic signaling systems have predetermined fixed operational time which fails to manage the traffic density changing with time and thus, long traffic queues are formed at the road crossings resulting in increased pollution and waiting time. In this paper, we tried to provide solution to reduce the waiting time at road crossings while keeping in mind the importance of time of the citizens as well as the emergency service providers (such as EMS i.e. Emergency Medical Services, Fire and Rescue Services, etc.). The presented system in this paper is based on smart traffic congestion control system that will automatically set the signal time based on the measured values of vehicle density on road lanes. However, the manual changes can also be made to traffic signals for efficient traffic management in case of emergencies. This paper presents an idea of traffic management using internet of things (IOT). The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a system of internet-connected objects that are able to collect and transfer data over a wireless network without human intervention. This technology provides an effective communication between different signals and helps in collection of data thereby providing an IoT based smart traffic management system in terms of its automated tracking, monitoring and controlling of vehicles and its data processing.
All throughout APAC the landscape is changing and presenting a need for smart mobility. Read more in detail to learn how businesses can seize opportunities with the right IT strategy and the right partnership.
The world is moving forward at a fast hop, and the credit goes to ever growing technology. One such idea is IOT Internet of things with which automation is no longer a virtual reality. The Internet of Things will seamlessly incorporate a large number of different and heterogeneous end systems, while providing open access to selected subsets of data for the development of an overabundance of digital services. Building a wide ranging architecture for IoT is required because of the extremely large variety of devices but it is a very complex task, link layer technologies, and services that may be involved in such a system. In this paper we emphasis specifically to an urban IoT systems that, while still being quite a broad category, are characterized by their specific application domain. Urban IoTs, in fact, are designed to support the Smart City vision, which aims at take advantage of the most advanced communication technologies to support added value services for the administration of the city and for the citizens. Sunitha C | Asha Priya B | Lavanya S ""Need of Internet of Things for Smart Cities"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23597.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/world-wide-web/23597/need-of-internet-of-things-for-smart-cities/sunitha-c
In recent years usage of private vehicles create urban traffic more and more crowded. As result traffic becomes one of the important problems in big cities in all over the world. Some of the traffic concerns are traffic jam and accidents which have caused a huge waste of time, more fuel consumption and more pollution. Time is very important parameter in routine life. The main problem faced by the people is real time routing. Our solution Virtual Eye will provide the current updates as in the real time scenario of the specific route. This research paper presents smart traffic navigation system, based on Internet of Things, which is featured by low cost, high compatibility, easy to upgrade, to replace traditional traffic management system and the proposed system can improve road traffic tremendously.
Implementing Secured and Comport Transportation using Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networ...ijtsrd
VANET is the largest wireless communications research area. VANETs of rapidly moving vehicles can be inefficient or unreliable. With the passing of time, VANET technology advances via inter vehicle interaction, but many problems need to be resolved in order to strengthen the network. This paper simulates road traffic simulators in a way that ensures safe communication between different types vehicles and prevents traffic based congestion in the cities of India. Ms. Pooja Deshpande | Mrs. Vrushali Uttarwar | Ms. Ekta Choudhari "Implementing Secured and Comport Transportation using Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network for Realistic City Scenario" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29771.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/29771/implementing-secured-and-comport-transportation-using-vehicular-ad-hoc-network-for-realistic-city-scenario/ms-pooja-deshpande
Vision-based real-time vehicle detection and vehicle speed measurement using ...JANAK TRIVEDI
In recent trends, digital information to the industrial integration for the intelligent transportation system (ITS)
field is gaining importance for the researcher, academia, and industrial persons. Visual information helps to
manage traffic systems in the industrial forum to build smart cities in developed countries. This paper presents
vision-based real-time vehicle detection and Vehicle Speed Measurement (VSM) using morphology operation and
binary logical process for an unplanned traffic scenario using image processing techniques. Vehicle detection and
VSM help to reduce the number of accidents and improve road network efficiency. The bounding box size for
vehicle detection is flexible according to vehicles’ sizes on the road. We test this system with different colors and
dimensions for a selected Region of Interest (ROI). The ROI sets using the two-line approach. Here, we compare
the proposed system with the inter-frame difference method and the blob analysis method with recall, precision,
and F1 performance parameters.
The number of automobiles on the road will only increase due to the ever increasing population development in urban areas across the world and manufacturers ongoing manufacturing of all types of vehicles. This inevitably causes additional traffic congestion, which is exacerbated during rush hour and especially in big urban areas. Urban planners, local officials, and academics are continuously under pressure from this phenomenon to find methods to make traffic management systems safer and more cost effective. Numerous researches have been carried out to solve this ongoing issue, leading to some major advancements like specific lanes for emergency vehicles in metropolitan areas. Even with these lanes, it is sometimes challenging to meet the appropriate goal timeframes for emergency vehicles to arrive at their locations. Intelligent Transportation System is a fresh approach that aims to solve this problem ITS . By fusing present infrastructure with existing technologies, this approach can aid in problem solving. In this paper, three alternative traffic management techniques RFID, Internet of Things, and Traffic Light Systems TLS , which can be static or dynamic IoT . In the latter approach, traffic data are swiftly gathered and delivered to Big Data for analysis, while mobile applications, also known as User Interface UI , are used to evaluate traffic density in various places and offer alternate traffic relief suggestions. Bharti Kumari | Vinod Mahor "Review: Smart Traffic Management System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50595.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/50595/review-smart-traffic-management-system/bharti-kumari
Techniques for Smart Traffic Control: An In-depth ReviewEditor IJCATR
Inadequate space and funds for the construction of new roads and the steady increase in number of vehicles has prompted
scholars to investigate other solutions to traffic congestion. One area gaining interest is the use of smart traffic control systems (STCS)
to make traffic routing decisions. These systems use real time data and try to mimic human reasoning thus prove promising in vehicle
traffic control and management. This paper is a review on the motivations behind the emergence of STCS and the different types of
these systems in use today for road traffic management. They include – fuzzy expert systems (FES), artificial neural networks (ANN)
and wireless sensor networks (WSN). We give an in depth study on the design, benefits and limitations of each technique. The paper
cites and analyses a number of successfully tested and implemented STCS. From these reviews we are able to derive comparisons of
the STCS discussed in this paper. For instance, for a learning or adaptive system, ANN is the best approach; for a system that just
routes traffic based on real time data and does not need to derive any data patterns afterwards, then FES is the best approach; for a
cheaper alternative to the FES, then WSN is the least costly approach. All prove effective in traffic control and management with
respect to the context in which each of them is used.
Interoperability for intelligent traffic management systems in smart citiesIJECEIAES
Intelligent traffic management systems (ITMS) are essential for safe and livable smart cities. However, achieving seamless interoperability between diverse devices and services is challenging due to the lack of universal open standards. This study examines different types of interoperability (syntactic, semantic, network, middleware, and security) and their relationships with ITMS in the smart city context. By discussing requirements, challenges, and potential standards, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of interoperability issues in ITMS. It highlights the importance of standardization and collaboration among stakeholders, including policymakers, urban planners, and technology providers, to achieve interoperability. Addressing these challenges can optimize ITMS performance and contribute to smarter, sustainable cities. The study categorically examines challenges and potential standards, offering a framework for future research and practice. By advancing our understanding of ITMS interoperability, this research facilitates improved traffic management and smarter city development, enhancing urban residents’ quality of life. It makes a significant contribution to the field by emphasizing the critical role of interoperability in effective traffic management systems and the advancement of smart cities. By addressing interoperability challenges, we can create safer, more efficient, and sustainable transportation networks, fostering the development of livable cities.
Nowadays the vehicle accident rate has been increasing as compared to the previous decade. This system proposes a solution to minimize the action time after an accident. It has the capability of ensuring the drivers safety along with the co-passengers and can easily be integrated with the car. The vehicle is connected to a hardware device that detects the collision with the help of a vibration sensor. The hardware device also consists of a fire sensor that senses fire breakouts. It communicates with an application in the Smartphone through Zigbee Bluetooth whenever collision or fire is sensed. If the driver doesnt want to communicate any information, he can cancel using the reset switch. Once the Bluetooth connection is established, the application would track and communicate the victims GPS location along with the patients entire medical report to their companions as well as the nearest hospital through an SMS. The application also checks the availability of the blood in the nearest blood bank and sends a notification back as soon as the availability of blood is ensured. A. Geetha | Shahanaz Khan N | Sneha Rajagopal | Soundariya B"An IOT based solution for Road Accidents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11158.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/11158/an-iot-based-solution-for-road-accidents/a-geetha
A smart traffic management is a wide topic of research. Many modifications can be made to make the urban traffic flow smoothly on the roads. The increasing utilization of private vehicles and public transportation due to advancement of technology causes hectic traffic complexities for the civilians across the globe. The problem of traffic congestion is an everyday problem for human resource and therefore hinders the growth of the country by affecting its productivity as well as economy. Moreover, the traffic signaling systems have predetermined fixed operational time which fails to manage the traffic density changing with time and thus, long traffic queues are formed at the road crossings resulting in increased pollution and waiting time. In this paper, we tried to provide solution to reduce the waiting time at road crossings while keeping in mind the importance of time of the citizens as well as the emergency service providers (such as EMS i.e. Emergency Medical Services, Fire and Rescue Services, etc.). The presented system in this paper is based on smart traffic congestion control system that will automatically set the signal time based on the measured values of vehicle density on road lanes. However, the manual changes can also be made to traffic signals for efficient traffic management in case of emergencies. This paper presents an idea of traffic management using internet of things (IOT). The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a system of internet-connected objects that are able to collect and transfer data over a wireless network without human intervention. This technology provides an effective communication between different signals and helps in collection of data thereby providing an IoT based smart traffic management system in terms of its automated tracking, monitoring and controlling of vehicles and its data processing.
All throughout APAC the landscape is changing and presenting a need for smart mobility. Read more in detail to learn how businesses can seize opportunities with the right IT strategy and the right partnership.
The world is moving forward at a fast hop, and the credit goes to ever growing technology. One such idea is IOT Internet of things with which automation is no longer a virtual reality. The Internet of Things will seamlessly incorporate a large number of different and heterogeneous end systems, while providing open access to selected subsets of data for the development of an overabundance of digital services. Building a wide ranging architecture for IoT is required because of the extremely large variety of devices but it is a very complex task, link layer technologies, and services that may be involved in such a system. In this paper we emphasis specifically to an urban IoT systems that, while still being quite a broad category, are characterized by their specific application domain. Urban IoTs, in fact, are designed to support the Smart City vision, which aims at take advantage of the most advanced communication technologies to support added value services for the administration of the city and for the citizens. Sunitha C | Asha Priya B | Lavanya S ""Need of Internet of Things for Smart Cities"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23597.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/world-wide-web/23597/need-of-internet-of-things-for-smart-cities/sunitha-c
In recent years usage of private vehicles create urban traffic more and more crowded. As result traffic becomes one of the important problems in big cities in all over the world. Some of the traffic concerns are traffic jam and accidents which have caused a huge waste of time, more fuel consumption and more pollution. Time is very important parameter in routine life. The main problem faced by the people is real time routing. Our solution Virtual Eye will provide the current updates as in the real time scenario of the specific route. This research paper presents smart traffic navigation system, based on Internet of Things, which is featured by low cost, high compatibility, easy to upgrade, to replace traditional traffic management system and the proposed system can improve road traffic tremendously.
Implementing Secured and Comport Transportation using Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networ...ijtsrd
VANET is the largest wireless communications research area. VANETs of rapidly moving vehicles can be inefficient or unreliable. With the passing of time, VANET technology advances via inter vehicle interaction, but many problems need to be resolved in order to strengthen the network. This paper simulates road traffic simulators in a way that ensures safe communication between different types vehicles and prevents traffic based congestion in the cities of India. Ms. Pooja Deshpande | Mrs. Vrushali Uttarwar | Ms. Ekta Choudhari "Implementing Secured and Comport Transportation using Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network for Realistic City Scenario" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29771.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/29771/implementing-secured-and-comport-transportation-using-vehicular-ad-hoc-network-for-realistic-city-scenario/ms-pooja-deshpande
Vision-based real-time vehicle detection and vehicle speed measurement using ...JANAK TRIVEDI
In recent trends, digital information to the industrial integration for the intelligent transportation system (ITS)
field is gaining importance for the researcher, academia, and industrial persons. Visual information helps to
manage traffic systems in the industrial forum to build smart cities in developed countries. This paper presents
vision-based real-time vehicle detection and Vehicle Speed Measurement (VSM) using morphology operation and
binary logical process for an unplanned traffic scenario using image processing techniques. Vehicle detection and
VSM help to reduce the number of accidents and improve road network efficiency. The bounding box size for
vehicle detection is flexible according to vehicles’ sizes on the road. We test this system with different colors and
dimensions for a selected Region of Interest (ROI). The ROI sets using the two-line approach. Here, we compare
the proposed system with the inter-frame difference method and the blob analysis method with recall, precision,
and F1 performance parameters.
Similar to A SHORT SURVEY ON CONSTRUCTING AN IOTBASED INTELLIGENT ROAD SYSTEM (20)
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
A SHORT SURVEY ON CONSTRUCTING AN IOTBASED INTELLIGENT ROAD SYSTEM
1. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 14, No 4, August 2022
DOI: 10.5121/ijcsit.2022.14406 69
A SHORT SURVEY ON CONSTRUCTING AN IOT-
BASED INTELLIGENT ROAD SYSTEM
F. O. Okorodudu, G. C. Omede and S. A. Otegbalor
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences,
Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel
between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads
employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability,
road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of
Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the
range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software
infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This
article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using
chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution.
KEYWORDS
smart road, sensor, raspberry pi, connectivity, Arduino
1. INTRODUCTION
The development of the road system is considered to be an important component of
contemporary infrastructure since it affects the flow of transportation from one location to
another.
Self-driving vehicles, guidance applications, and ride-hailing services are all things that everyone
is familiar with. A network of numerous inventions might arise out of the very fabric of the road
itself. Road upgrades using communication, lighting, and power distribution technology, which
can support sustainability, the safety of travel, and alter the road user's driving experience, are
possible. The internet of things (IoT) increases the safety and efficiency of smart roadways. As
more and more smart road technologies, such as sensors and solar-system software infrastructures
like Artificial Intelligence and big data, are put into roadways, they enable a wide range of smart
capabilities. Even while they provide important transportation connections, in many respects the
roads themselves symbolize enormous amounts of wasted road space. Due to wireless connection
advancements, cloud computing, data analysis, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence, "smart
city" initiatives are proliferating around the globe. Transportation is essential in almost all of
these proposals, although smart roads are increasing in significance as transportation alternatives.
These concerns, among others, may now be addressed thanks to modern technology. IoT is the
connection of inanimate things to a network of electronics, software, actuators, sensors, and
networking hardware to enable these inanimate objects to act and exchange data. The IoT allows
little amounts of data to be distributed throughout a network in which they may be accessed
almost anywhere.
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More efficient transportation, using computer-based systems to combine the physical globe, and
with this an added benefit of economic and accuracy, is produced. The equipment becomes an
order of the universal class of cyber-physical systems when it is outfitted with sensors and
actuators, and augmented with connected systems.
To be identified during the embedded computer system, every object is outstandingly
recognizable. However, it is also able to inter-operate with the current internet infrastructures. To
stay ahead of rapidly changing transportation, public services, conservation, and public safety
needs, fast innovation in transportation, public services, conservation, and public safety is
required. Due to the rising demand for mobility in cities, demand for public transportation
infrastructure has increased, leading to a backlog of projects and an increased risk of vehicle
congestion.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
A city's growth, in addition to helping it be safer, smarter, and greener, depends on effective road
infrastructure. To meet the difficulties caused by increasing urbanization, governments in many
parts of the world have established initiatives that include smart city technologies, traffic
management, intelligent transportation systems, and road safety measures.
Road safety is a combination of measures that reduce the danger of road crashes for cyclists,
motorists, pedestrians, vehicle passengers, and public transit passengers. The Internet and other
communication technologies allow cities and transportation authorities to give their
transportation and services more prominence to help their economies thrive.
Cities may respond to the needs of today by utilizing new monetization methods, a greater role
for public-private partnerships, and important Edge technological developments. Cities must
invest in ubiquitous edge compute, 5G, road-side units, and intersection technology to get the
local advantages of autonomous buses, shuttles, and cars. In 2017, the researchers, known as
Chandana et al,[1], designed a model that efficiently resolves the challenge of managing traffic in
the event of traffic congestion by using IoT devices to regulate traffic as well as to prioritize
emergency vehicles. There was a primary focus on controlling traffic congestion using the
internet of things (IoT), the system only sends out warnings and is unable to regulate road lights,
and would not provide potential routes to drivers. Okorodudu et al [2] believe that in developing
countries, roads are constructed to enable road users to travel at fast speeds in the same space and
time. For traffic system management, effective road planning and design are crucial. According
to Okorodudu and Okorodudu [3], the vehicle equipped with motion sensors can provide a
continuous electrical path for monitoring traffic volume and the predicted time that traffic will
last on a particular route. This information is stored and calculated by a timer and digital
calculator for road traffic information. Safety, less use of power, and reduced traffic are the
primary objectives. They included these innovative new technologies by employing Light
Sensors, Ultrasonic Sensors, Cameras, Motion Sensors, IoT Devices, Interactive Lighting, Solar
Roadways, Glow in the Night, and Wind Powered Light Systems [4]. Traffic has emerged as a
major concern in India because of the wasteful use of fuel, time, and pollution.
Crowded roads are likened to evil, impulsive times in Indian traffic, and the journey from one
location to another is a serious inconvenience that is polluted and noisy. It was all about making
sure people's safety was secured, the power used was reduced and the traffic that used to go
through the area was avoided. Researchers think that in the early stages of a new mobility era,
artificial intelligence, transport, and the smart city all present an opportunity for change with the
potential to lead to sustainable transitions [5]. While artificial intelligence (AI) has the
capabilities to enable machines to solve problems that could revolutionize the cities we have
3. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 14, No 4, August 2022
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identified for decades, this technology can also be utilized as a tool to assist machines in
understanding and analyzing complicated problems. One of the major areas that their work
focused on was redefining transport, mobility provision, and the impact that this has on inner-city
development [5]. While a Transport-as-a-Service (TaaS) transport platform could support smart
mobility initiatives for unmanned and manned Personal and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (PAVs
and UAVs), connected and autonomous vehicles (LAVs), and mobility-as-a-service (MaaS), that
platform would not control traffic lights or select the available route. According to Vasanthaet al
[6], Intelligent Highways uses a Warning Message and activates Diversions to point out potential
locations of vehicle accidents. It is a program of novelty that connects diverse viewpoints on
topics, such as industry trends, with ideas related to new technologies and business opportunities
in smart ways. Additionally, they focused on the necessity of road safety and how it has become a
major concern because of an increase in car accidents, and there are certain locations where
crashes are common, like intersections. The intelligent Highway system, W.A.L.T. congestion,
and weather-related accidents are among its primary concerns, but there is currently no way to
control lighting on the road, and this limits the project's potential. It is important to have reliable
infrastructure, as well as a working method and measures in place for smart road maneuvers [7].
Smart Road is similar to a predictable highway in that it's made up of static and dynamic physical
entities, but the key distinction is that it has the necessary electronic gadgets to capture both.
Traffic safety has turned into a huge concern for those in power, who have mandated its control
within available resources. Also observed is that it is not possible to accommodate increased
traffic volume on the transportation infrastructure. A study of the Muscat Express Highway's
Smart Road Technology for Traffic Management and ITS Infrastructure Assessment focuses on
traffic management, but the lighting on the road cannot be controlled [8]. We can monitor traffic
using various Internet of Things (IoT) devices. From their perspective, they believe that traffic
congestion is a critical issue in Indian cities and throughout the world. Traffic congestion results
from an exponential increase in the number of cars due to the significant population growth of the
country. It is also because of the infrastructure that already exists and can't be expanded to meet
the increasing need for traffic control. In addition, traffic congestion may also influence day-to-
day living by polluting the environment, wasting fuel, increasing commuting time, and so on.
Intelligent traffic systems are created to track traffic and, to achieve an increase in the movement
of people, cars, and cargo, to improve transportation safety, mobility, and efficiency. They note
as well that It is capable of identifying various traffic congestion, traffic rule violations, car smart
parking space provision, and speed limit exposure as well. It is important to note that employing
a wide variety of IoT technologies, such as infrared sensors, video analysis, wireless sensor
networks, inductive loop detection, RFID, and many others, provides traffic management (or
traffic management systems) with a key function in the Internet of Things (IoT) [9]. Real-time
Smart Road Construction: The Internet of Things (IoT) allows for efficient process management
and for people's lives to be greatly improved. Soon, the Internet of Things (IoT) will up the ante
when it comes to automation [10]. IoT is still in its nascent years, which they admit. But for
certain use cases and applications, IoT architectures are still being built. It must be noted,
however, that as the number of apps and IoT frameworks grow, the number of interfaces,
protocols, and standards rises as well. Interoperability across many systems has become much
more challenging as a result. Due to the breakdown of gathered data and real-time
communication amongst various players (such as paver, contractor, and transporter), road worth
is increased significantly because of the improved maneuverability of the different technological
resources.
But even with the use of different protocols and data storage, they're still missing connectivity
and interoperability. In this case, their work has allowed for the development of a middleware
that enables on-demand transmission, validation, and information sharing in such varied settings.
Hamid and Mo did a demonstration and field test in road construction for their middleware and
tested and validated it using a use case and a field test in road construction. With the rapid
4. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 14, No 4, August 2022
72
increase in the world population alongside the preference to live in cities, the city will be faced
with a serious challenge. The human requirements cannot be met in traditional cities with their
common traits. The overall impact of a smart city is that it draws the attention[11].
In the long run, a smart city/community, where all data is gathered from various locations, and
where choices are made to serve the many aspects of the system, would be the ideal form of a
city. To be more specific, the smart district is a huge data topic that is made up of many different
facets of study, and that must join researchers with various specialties to solve it. Rapid
population growth leads to a general lack of efficiency in cities that are already struggling to deal
with the growth. With the great capability for accelerating technologies, this problem offers the
best opportunities for establishing future opportunities for everyone on the planet. Technological
advances lead to dramatic changes, as demonstrated by quantum leaps in society.
While the relationships between a city's population growth and emerging technology are
complicated, nevertheless, certain patterns may be identified. The fast industrialization that
occurs in today's globe raises several problems for the city administration of the past. To put it
another way, we will never be able to handle all of humanity's basic requirements until we grow
our cities to a whole new level.
Data collecting, data analysis, computing, networking, and making decisions based on the data
flow are all factors of the notion of the "smart city." In today's connected world, one of the major
reasons that are contributing to smart cities is the Internet of Things (IoT). Smart cities cannot
exist without IoT. Because of the Internet of Things (IoT), we have a new approach to providing
infrastructure in which physical equipment is connected to sensors, software, electronics, and
connection. They believe smart cities are a new catchword for the Internet of Things (IoT), a
proposal to construct a more connected and collaborative society maximized with data. This
system that uses Internet of Things (IoT) energy is frequently broken, and as a result, cannot be
lowered at all in some situations. The solar-based mechanism is implemented in place of
conventional components [12]. Each light on the roadway works for 12 hours per day, i.e. from
sunset until dawn the next day. Although roads, cities, and urbanized regions around the country
are opting for solar-based highway lights, which are a one-time expenditure, it is nonetheless true
that they are becoming more prevalent. Despite solar-based Highway lights being utilized, some
kind of energy is always used up whenever lights are necessary because it is not necessary for
vehicles to be driving on the highways to use them.
Furthermore, they noticed that although solar power is not available during nighttime hours,
lights require electricity only during the night. Light is important at a specific period, but in the
other portion of the time, it is completely disrupted. Adjustments should be made to Highway
light settings to conserve energy.
Thus, for Highway lights, it is best to install a Lighting System because it is known that the
majority of the energy is lost in that manner. Lights on the highway are used mostly at night,
although when there are no vehicles on the road, lights can be turned off. The data have been
collected and computed on slab rates considering all the variables. And by combining Raspberry
Pi with Highway lighting, energy may be conserved. You may use the proximity sensor, LDR,
current sensor, relay, and the raspberry pi to manage them. Any vehicle movement that occurs
may be detected by utilizing motion sensors and LDR lights can be switched on.
Light functioning may be monitored in real-time using server-client software.
While this is true, they went on to say that there are periods of the day when solar power is not
available yet lights require electricity just during nighttime hours. Light can be helpful at a
5. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 14, No 4, August 2022
73
specific moment, but it is never crucial for the rest of the time. Adjustments should be made to
the highway lighting to save energy.
It is often considered a good idea to build a Lighting System just for Highway lighting, as most of
the energy is lost that way. At night, when the road is deserted, these highway lights are essential.
The data have been collected and computed on slab rates considering all the variables. And by
combining Raspberry Pi with Highway lighting, energy may be conserved. You may use the
proximity sensor, LDR, current sensor, relay, and the raspberry pi to manage them. Any vehicle
movement that occurs may be detected by utilizing motion sensors and LDR lights can be
switched on.
Light functioning may be monitored in real-time using server-client software.
3. SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
3.1. Objectives of the Design
The developed solution is an IoT-based Smart Road System. These design objectives include the
following:
i. To develop a system that will raise road users' awareness of traffic hazards; and
ii. The purpose of this technology is to control the lights on the road automatically.
iii. To offer a system that warns road users of pollution, fire disaster, and road danger in the
same system to ensure road users' safety.
iv. To provide a system that could automatically set fires and irrigate crops on the side of the
road
Figure 1. Main Menu
3.2. System Specification
A full explanation of the system's behavior is a requirement for the system. It consists of a
collection of scenarios describing the many ways in which the end users would engage with the
program. It outlines the system's characteristics. To design that satisfies the needs of the user
requirement, the system blueprint must be strictly followed see figure 1 above.
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3.3. Hardware Specification
Blynk Database is the database management system that's being utilized for the website. Tables
were created using the database. ADO.Net enabled complete database access via ADO.NET
connections. The records were queried and updated using SQL commands.
4. DESIGN REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
The Software used for the development of this project is:
i. An Operating System (Windows 10 Operating System)
ii. Arduino IDE
iii. Blynk Application
Hardware requirementsare;
A Pentium iv system with the following configurations
i. 1.2GHz of processor speed and above
ii. 80 gigabytes of hard disk
iii. 512 megabytes of Ram and above
iv. 1024 * 768 screen resolution
4.1. Component Specification
For the design of this system the following components were used:
i. NodeMCU
ii. Relay Module
iii. Jumper Wire
iv. Breadboard
v. Water Pump
4.2. Features & Specifications
1. Operating Voltage: 2.5 ~ 6V
2. Operating Current: 130 ~ 220mA
3. Flow Rate: 80 ~ 120 L/H
4. Maximum Lift: 40 ~ 110 mm
5. Outlet Outside Diameter: 7.5 mm
6. Outlet Inside Diameter: 5 mm
i. Battery
ii. Proximity Sensor
iii. Fire/ Flame Sensor
7. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 14, No 4, August 2022
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Figure 2. System Flowchart
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4.3. Physical Structure of the Designed System
The image below shows the physical view of the designed system.
Figure 3. Physical Structure of the Designed System
5. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
Figures 2 and 3 above depict the working relationship of the system and the implementation style
which lead to the requirement needed to function effectively.
Hardware and Software Requirements
For the software to be implemented on a website, the following are required:
Hardware Requirement
A Pentium iv system with the following configurations
i. processor speed of 1.2GHz and above
ii. 80 gigabytes of hard disk
iii. Ram of 512 megabytes and above
iv. 1024 * 768 screen resolution
Software Requirement
i. An Operating System (Windows 10 Operating System)
ii. Arduino IDE (Front end)
iii. Blynk (back end)
6. RESULTS, DISCUSSION, AND OUTPUT
This new system has been rigorously tested and the results tally with expectations; concerningthe
quality of service, decreased cost is achieved. Also, this approach is self-paced, learner-centered,
and dispersed, as it was able to accommodate time and mobility needs while using the wireless
infrastructure. Because of this, users of the program may get access to and utilize the system
regardless of whether or not they own a computer. Also addressed was the overall system's
flexibility, which allowed for other areas of knowledge to be included in the system.
9. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 14, No 4, August 2022
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The system has achieved a novelty by integrating multiply IoT functions in one unit, resulting in
a robust system that raises road users' awareness of traffic hazards; controls the lights on the road
automatically; warns road users of pollution, fire disaster, and road danger to ensure road users'
safety; and could automatically set fires and irrigate crops on the side of the road.
Figure 4. Output Design
7. EVALUATION BASED ON THE SOLUTION SELECTION MATRIX
Using the Solution Selection Matrix, in which solutionsare evaluated based on these 4 criteria:
Sigma Impact, Time Impact, Cost Impact, and Other Impact. The table below shows the
summary of our survey using the criterium above:
10. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 14, No 4, August 2022
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Table 1
Solutions
Criteria
IoT-Based
Intelligent
Road System
A Smart
Traffic
Management
System For
Congestion
Control And
Warnings
Using Internet
Of Things
(IoT) By
Chandana Et
Al
A Novel
Approach To
Road
Traffic
Monitoring
And Control
System By
Okorodudu &
Okorodudu
Smart Roads
Using IoT
Devices By
M. Aftab
And A.
Chetna
A Review For
Traffic
Management
System Using
Different IoT
Devices By
N.Snehal And
P. Shruti,
Sigma
Impact
(overall
output
achievement)
The system
raise road
users'
awareness of
traffic hazards,
control the
lights on the
road
automatically;
warns road
users of
pollution, fire
disaster, and
road danger to
ensure road
users' safety,
and could
automatically
set fires and
irrigate crops
on the side of
the road
Controlling
traffic
congestion
(system only
sends out
warnings and is
unable to
regulate road
lights, and
would not
provide
potential routes
to drivers).
the vehicle
equipped with
motion sensors
can provide a
continuous
electrical path
for monitoring
traffic volume
and the
predicted time
that traffic will
last on a
particular route
Viewed
innovative
new
technologies
that
canemploy
Light Sensors,
Ultrasonic
Sensors,
Cameras,
Motion
Sensors, IoT
Devices,
Interactive
Lighting,
Solar
Roadways,
Glow in the
Night, and
Wind
Powered Light
Systems
focuses on
traffic
management,
but the lighting
on the road
cannot be
controlled
Time Impact Implementation
time is short.
Implementation
time is short.
Implementation
time is short.
Can’t be
calculated as
there is no
implementable
design
Implementation
time is short.
Cost Impact Cost-effective
since IoT
equipment is
cheap and low-
power drive.
Cost-effective
since IoT
equipment is
cheap and low-
power drive.
Cost-effective
since IoT
equipment is
cheap and low-
power drive.
Cost-effective
since IoT
equipment is
cheap and
low-power
drive.
Cost-effective
since IoT
equipment is
cheap and low-
power drive.
Other
Impact
It has a low-
risk factor and
portable and
higher
customers
satisfaction
It has a low-
risk factor and
portable and
high customers
satisfaction
It has a low-
risk factor and
portable and
high customers
satisfaction
Not applicable It has a low-
risk factor and
portable and
high customers
satisfaction
11. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 14, No 4, August 2022
79
8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Smart Roads can be considered an element that guarantees efficient cooperation between
infrastructures, users, and vehicles, improving all the related performances while sharing data
information. The action of these infrastructures is robustly related to automation and
centralization, moving the concerned players on a micro-plane (drivers) and a macro-plane (fleet)
see figure 4 above. Smart Roads are fundamental in the development of an intelligent ecosystem
that will guarantee optimal automation processes, in symbiosis with two other essential
principles/technologies: IoT (Internet of Things) and IoE (Internet of Everything): the first
represents the capability of sharing data between devices; the second introduces the possibility to
create new scenarios, starting from casual data collected after user behavior, tailoring the overall
experience to fit specific interventions This system is highly recommended for use by roads users
to enable individuals to get information of traffics and other hazards on the road. This study's
primary subject was Smart Roads; this research work has brought up further fundamental aspects
that will characterize the future of mobility across heterogeneous disciplines in the transport
sector. To achieve an improved research management level, it's necessary to schedule and
establish a precise distribution scheme.
A Smart Mobility context will have to be implemented to allow more comfortable and efficient
traffic management; in fact, the implementation of the devices mentioned above has already
begun, considering that in 2017 there were 8.4 billion IoT operating devices This system can be
made smarter by improving the interface as while as other featuressuch as live footage and map
direction.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank everyone, just everyone!
.
REFERENCES
[1] K.Chandana, S.Meenakshi,D’s.Cyana,N. Meghana andK.Navya, “A Smart Traffic Management
System for Congestion Control and Warnings Using Internet of Things (IoT),”Saudi Journal of
Engineering and Technology, Scholars,Vol-2, no 5, pp 192-196, May 2017.
[2] F. O.Okorodudu, P. O. Okorodudu, and L. O. Atumah,“A Novel Approach to Road Traffic
Monitoring and Control System,”International Journal of Multidisciplinary Science and
Engineering, vol. 9, no 1, Pp. 29-33,January 2018.
[3] F. O. Okorodudu and P. O.Okorodudu, “A New Approach to Automation and Monitoring in
Road Traffic System”. In Proceedings of the 27th
International Conference of the NigerianComputer
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