Vector borne diseases in Bangladesh

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Capt.Shams
(www.facebook.com/dr.imanns)

Vector borne diseases in bangladesh
Presented by
CAPT SHAMS
MOBC 77Capt.Shams

Introduction
Vector borne diseases is 17% of all
infectious diseases. 2.5 billion people
in over 100 countries are at risk of
these diseases. Every year, more than
1 billion people are infected and more
than 1 million die from vector-borne
diseases. Among them Malaria causes
more than 6,00,000 deaths every year
globally.
Capt.Shams

Aim
To know about the common vector
borne
diseases in Bangladesh and how to
prevent
these diseases.
Capt.Shams

Scope
 What is vector and common vectors.
 What is vector borne diseases and
common VBD.
 Common vector borne diseases in
Bangladesh.
 Prevention and control.
Capt.Shams

Vector
A vector is any agent (person, animal
or microorganism) that carries and
transmits an infectious pathogen into
another living organism.
Capt.Shams

Common vectors
 Mosquitoes (Aedes, Anopheles,
Culex, Mansonia)
 Fly (Sandfly, Housefly, Tsetse Fly,
Black Fly )
 Flea (Rat Flea, Sand Flea )
 Ticks (Hard Tick & Soft Tick)
 Lice / Bugs/ Mites/ Cyclops
Capt.Shams

Vector-borne disease
An illness caused by an infectious
microorganism (pathogen) that is
transmitted to humans by a vector,
usually arthropods.
Capt.Shams

Major vector borne disease in
world
 Malaria
 Filaria
 Leishmaniasis
 Japanese Encephalitis
 Dengue / Dengue
Hemorrhagic fevers
 Chikungunya
 Chagas Diseases (American
Trypanosomiasis) Capt.Shams

Contd…
 Yellow Fever
 Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)
 CCHF (Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic
Fever)
 Lyme Disease
 Tick Borne Encephalitis
 Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia)
Capt.Shams

Common vector borne disease in
Bangladesh
 Malaria
 Filariasis
 Leishmaniasis
 Dengue
Capt.Shams

Malaria
 Life-threatening disease
 Caused by plasmodium species
 Transmitted through bite of female
anopheles
 Plasmodium - four parasite species
Capt.Shams

Malaria Facts
 Malaria kills in one year ,what AIDS kills
in 15 years
 For every death due to HIV/AIDS, there
are about 50 deaths due to malaria
Capt.Shams

Malaria Burden
Globally-2012
 Approx 207
million cases &
6,27,000 deaths
 97 countries-
3.4 billion people at
risk
Capt.Shams

Malaria in Bangladesh
 13 districts (with the total population of
10.9 million) are in the high endemic
areas of malaria transmissions.
 In July’2008 to May’2009 total cases
are found 74412 and total deaths are
89.
Capt.Shams

Capt.Shams

Filariasis
 Lymphatic filariasis is infection with
the filarial worms, Wuchereria
bancrofti, Brugia malayi or B. timori.
 A wide range of mosquitoes can
transmit the parasite, depending on
the geographic area. In Africa, the
most common vector is Anopheles
and in the Americas, it is Culex quilex.
Aedes and Mansonia can transmit the
infection in the Pacific and in Asia.Capt.Shams

Filaria Burden
 A total of 32 districts
with an estimated 70
million population are
endemic for
Lymphatic Filariasis.
 About 20 million are
already infected.
Capt.Shams

Dengue
 Dengue is transmitted by several species of
mosquito within the genus Aedes,
principally A. aegypti.
 Most rapidly spreading viral disease in the
world. In past 50 years, incidence has increased
30-fold.
 Pattern changing from urban to rural settings
 There are four known serotypes of dengue virus
(DEN 1 to 4).
 Recovery from infection by one provides
lifelong immunity
Capt.Shams

Dengue Burden
In Bangladesh there had been
Dengue outbreaks in 2000 (5,555
cases and 93 deaths); 2001 (2,430
cases and 44 deaths) and 2002 (6,104
cases and 58 deaths).
Cases were reported from the
metropolitan cities (Dhaka,
Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi)
Capt.Shams

Leishmaniasis
 Caused by protozoan parasites of the
genus Leishmania.
 Spread by the bite of sandflies.
 The disease can present in three main
ways as: cutaneous leishmaniasis,
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and
visceral leishmaniasis.
Capt.Shams

Disease Burden
 In Bangladesh
cases are reported
from 45 districts
(130 upaziala) and
an estimated 51.2
million populations
are in endemic
areas.
Capt.Shams

Prevention and Control
New strategies have taken by WHO to
control vector borne diseases. No
single measure can control these
diseases. It needs multiple approach
both from government and non
government institutes.
Capt.Shams

Strategies
 Needs sound knowledge of the
Bionomics
Distribution
Seasonal prevalence
Vectorial capacity
Insecticide susceptibility status
Role of arthropods in disease transmission
Capt.Shams

Integrated vector
management
 The utilization of all appropriate
technological & management techniques
to bring about an effective degree of
vector suppression in a cost effective
manner.
 Best approach to strengthen vector control
in a way that is compatible with national
health systems
Capt.Shams

Key Elements of IVM
 Evidence-based decision-making
 Monitoring & Evaluation
 Advocacy & Social mobilization
 Intra & intersectoral Collaboration
 Capacity-building
 Legislation & Regulation
Capt.Shams

Methods of control
Capt.Shams

Environmental control
 Eliminate their
breeding places
 Known as "source
reduction"
 Results are
generally
permanent
Capt.Shams

Source reduction
 Filling
Levelling & drainage
of breeding places
Water management
(intermittent
irrigation)
Capt.Shams

Waste management
 Empty tins,
plastic bottles,
unused drums,
coconut shells &
used car tyres
can serve as
important
breeding sites
Capt.Shams

Chemical control
Oiling (diesel
oil,fuel oil,
kerosene oil)
Paris green
Synthetic
Insecticides
(Fenthion,
malathion,
chlorpyrifos,
abate)
Capt.Shams

Biological control
 Introduction of
bacterial larvicides
& larvivorous fish
 Target vector larvae
without generating
ecological impacts
of chemical use
 Regular monitoring
& restocking is
important
Capt.Shams

Genetic control
 "Use of any treatment
that reduce the
reproductive potential
by replacing the
hereditary material"
 Sterile male technique
 Hybrid male technique
 Sex distortion
 Gene replacement
Capt.Shams

Personal Protective measures
 Acheived by
wearing long
sleeved, light-
coloured shirts,
trousers, socks,
shoes & by the use
of repellents like
Benzyl benzoate,
DEET
 Insecticidal net are
most efficient &
cost-effective
method. Capt.Shams

House modification
 Door & window
screens
 Plaster walls &
concrete floors in
good condition
 Cracks & entry
points sealed up
Capt.Shams

Indoor residual spray
 Most widely used method
 Effective way to reduce
sandflies & bugs inside
homes
 80% of houses in targeted
area need to be sprayed.
 Effective for 3–6 months,
depending on the
insecticide used & type of
surface Capt.Shams

Outdoor spraying
Spraying outer
surfaces of
- Domestic animal
shelters,
- Outdoor latrines &
- Damp places
Aerial spraying --
control mosquitoes
during epidemics of
dengue & yellow
fever.
Capt.Shams

Recommendation
 Apply Integrated vector management
to control the diseases.
 Awareness among the people.
 Best approach to strengthen vector
control in a way that is compatible with
national health systems.
Capt.Shams

Conclusion
Vector-borne diseases are one of the
greatest contributors to human mortality
and morbidity in tropical settings and
beyond. Although significant progress is
being made in combating some diseases
such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis and
Chagas disease, other diseases such as
dengue continue to spread at an
alarming pace. Governments, local
authorities, community groups, and
individuals should work togather to
prevent disease. Capt.Shams

?
Capt.Shams

THANK YOU
Capt.Shams

Vector borne diseases in Bangladesh

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