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Values as Pillars in
Tourism Education




             Pauline J. Sheldon
      University of Hawai’i, USA
Values – what are they?

• “Deeply held beliefs that drive activities”
    – Personal, social, public, cultural
•   Some universal; some culture-specific
•   Silent, implicit, unexamined
•   Bridge between past - present – future
•   Difficult to shift – maybe education can
•   Current Crisis of Values
Universal Values

                                       Innate
                                     dignity and
                                    development
                                      of human
                                          life



                                                         Respect for
            Integrity and
                                                          others and
               service
                                                         environment




                      Attitude of                  Quest for
                     non-violence                  peace and
                                                   happiness



Source: Adapted from “International Association for Human Values”
Shift in Corporate Values


Property-Centered           Life-Centered
  Corporation:                 Corporation:
• Maximum growth            • Organic growth
• Maximum profits           • Ethical profits
• Creating wealth for       • Serving variety of
  financial elite and CEO      stakeholders
• CORPORATION AS            • CORPORATION AS
  PIECE OF PROPERTY            LIVING SYSTEM.
Changing Societal Values

• There are important values entirely apart
  from money. “Human rights.”
• Prosperity is about money but also health,
  balance, family. “Quality of life.”
• Long-term is more important than short-
  term. “Sustainability.”
• Public goods take priority over private
  interests. “Protecting the commons.”
Shift in Tourist Values

• OLD                    • NEW
• Seek complexity of     • Value simplicity and
  consumerism in           authenticity
  destinations           • Believe in engaged
• Seek hedonistic          action & service
  experiences ignoring   • Concerned about
  local cultures           ecology
• Lack of interest in    • Are altruistic, self
  environmental issues     actualizing and
                           spiritually engaged
Tourism Education?

• Has there been a parallel shift in tourism
  education?
• Shouldn’t educational institutions be
  leading this shift?
• Don’t we have to prepare out students for
  a VERY different world?
Tourism Education
 Futures Initiative (TEFI)



                       Pauline Sheldon, University of Hawaii, USA
                      Daniel Fesenmaier, Temple University, USA
                              John Tribe, University of Surrey, UK
                             Leo Jago, Victoria University, Australia
                             Janne Liburd, S. Denmark University
AND ABOUT 70 OTHER LEADING EDUCATORS AND INDUSTRY MEMBERS
                                  FROM ABOUT 28 COUNTRIES
THE TEFI VISION

• “TEFI seeks to provide vision,
  knowledge and a framework for tourism
  education programs to promote global
  citizenship and optimism for a better
  world.”    www.tourismeducationsummit.com
Rationale For Change

• Education must shift from unthinking
  reproduction
• Focus on means rather than ends
• Tsunamis of change
  – Climate change
  – Peak oil
  – Human rights
  – Food and water shortages
TEFI Process
           ww.tourismeducationsummit.com


• Three Annual Summits
  – Lectures by leading scholars and industry
  – Breakout group discussions
  – Agreements and vision setting
• Work Group Assignments
  – Set foundation for following summit
  – Enable connections/networking with groups
    and programs
• Move from Values to Implementation
TEFI 1 - Vienna Summit

• April 2007, Modul University, Vienna,
  Austria
• 48 participants from 13 countries
• Goal: White Paper to Outline a Framework
  for the Future of Tourism Education for
  2010-2030           Summit:
                     Megatrends
                           Futurist
           Pre-meeting   5 Scenarios   Values – based
Readings      survey                     framework
                           Values
                          Skill sets

              www.tourismeducationsummit.com
Hawai’i Summit II – April, 2008

Towards a Values-Based Framework for Tourism Education

         • John Tribe, UK - Promoting an Academy of
           Hope for Tourism Education” – scoping the
           vision
         • Scott Meis, Canada - Increasing demand
           for qualified employees, projecting a lack as
           other industries compete for labor.
         • Gianna Moscardo, Australia - learning
           styles and behaviors of Gen Y. Need to
           attract the brightest and best to tourism
           studies

      Attended by 38 participants from ten countries.
Lugano Summit III – April, 2009

Towards a Values-Based Framework for Tourism Curricula


        • Thomas Bieger, CH. - Challenges of
          universities in a time of change
        • Irena Ateljevic, NL. - Academy of Hope
        • Simon Wong, Hong Kong - Outcomes-
          based education in the Context of TEFI
        • Loredana Padurean, CH and Betsy Barber,
          USA - Linking values into curriculum
          design

        Attended by 34 participants from 14 countries.
TEFI Values


                              Stewardship:
                       •sustainability, responsibility
                      •and service to the community

         Mutuality:                                     Knowledge:
     diversity, inclusion,                    •critical thinking, innovation,
equity, humility, collaboration                   •creativity, networking

                                        Professionalism:
                Ethics:
                                     •leadership, practicality,
         •honesty, transparency,
                                 •services, relevance, timeliness,
             • authenticity,
                                      •reflexivity, teamwork,
             •authentic self
                                            •pro-activity
ETHICS

• “Right” vs. “Wrong”
• Judging and guiding actions
• Universal Ethical Values
  – Benevolence, freedom, transparency,
    honesty, justice, authenticity etc.
• Cross-cultural issues:
  – Issues of ownership
Learning Experiences in Tourism
                       Ethics


Introduce           Understand         Equip                 Draw                 Evoke
ethics as a         different          students to           connections          actions
field of study      ethical            achieve               to issues of         • Develop own
• Reflexivity and   traditions and     reconciliation        power and              Student Code of
  decolonization    principles                               politics               Conduct
                                       • Principles of
  of self                                negotiation
                    • Utilitarianism                         • Identify sources
• Ethical                              • Ethical
  dilemmas due to   • Kantian ethics                           of power
                      of respect for     leadership skills
  stakeholder
  ethics              others
                    • Aristotelian
                      virtue ethics
                    • others
KNOWLEDGE

• Complex cognitive processes of perception,
  reasoning, learning, communication,
  association, application
• Tacit and Explicit
• Knowledge Creation addresses
  – Creativity & innovation
  – Critical Thinking
  – Networking
• Cross-Cultural issues:
  – Access to knowledge, knowledge creation processes
Learning about Tourism Knowledge




                                                      Strengthening        Humility and
                                                      students’ critical   Courage in the
                                    Harvesting from   thinking through     fields of
                                    new Knowledge     interactive          • Data creation and
                  The Art and       intermediaries,   teaching;              management
                 Skill of Sharing       codes of      • Interactive        • Information
Understand the                                                               management
                  Knowledge             conduct;        teaching
  Value and                                             processes          • Knowledge
  Power of          including           Ways of       • The art of           creation and
 Knowledge                                              questioning the      management
                 new Codes of       communicating
                     Conduct          knowledge         answer
                                    across borders
                                    and disciplines
STEWARDSHIP

• “Choosing service over self-interest”
   – Responsibility
   – Sustainability
   – Service to Others
• All Stakeholders have responsibility for environment
• Need understanding of stakeholder motives and
  exercising of power/influence
• Need to engage with the non-tourism world
• Cross-cultural differences: stage of development; quantity and
  quality of resources
Learning about Stewardship in
                 Tourism


Understand                                     Service
how the        Understand         Students     projects
tourism           that the         should      should
system            tourism         critically   involve
operates          system       evaluate the    The local             Include
                 requires        impact of     community
• Inputs and                                                       debates on
  outputs        constant        their own     • Other countries   stewardship
                                travels and      and academic
• Cause and    intervention                      fields to
  effect                        their future                          issues
                 and a re-                       increase
               evaluation of     travels as      knowledge of
                                                 other cultures
               performance       managers        and sectors
                indicators     and leaders
MUTUALITY
• “…grounded in human relationships mutuality requires
  attitudinal developments involving acceptance, self-
  awareness, open-mindedness and empowerment..”
• Mutuality as an evolving process starting with self-
  awareness (Inglehart 1997)
• Influences behaviors and attitudes
• Respect of self and other
• Diversity, inclusion, humility, equity, collaboration
• Cross-cultural issues:
   – level of homogeneity of population
Learning Experiences in Mutuality in
                    Tourism



Create                                            Develop student
opportunities for               Encourage         skills to:
students to                positive attitude to
examine their                  diversity and      • Initiate open dialog
own mindsets of               respect to all.     • Manage conflict
how they perceive           Expose students       • Reach mutually
reality                        to social and        beneficial agreements
• Create safe, inclusive      cultural values
  environments for         different from own.
  students
PROFESSIONALISM
• “The ability to align personal and organizational conduct
  with ethical and professional standards that include a
  responsibility to customer and community and a
  commitment to lifelong learning”.
• Leadership and pro-activity
• Practicality and timeliness
• Partnership development & teamwork
• Relevance and reflexivity
• Cross-cultural differences:
   – Level of prestige of tourism profession
Learning Experiences in Tourism
                   Professionalism



                                                   Partnership        Timeliness
                                                   • Understand how   and
Leadership        Pro-activity    Relevance
                                                     to create        Practicality
                                                     networks and
    Create                       and reflexivity     new alliances    • Embody the
 innovation in
                    Taking                         • Build new
                                                                        ideals of
                   initiative       Ability to       supply chain
                                                                        efficiency and
      an                                                                effectiveness
 organization                        create          relationships
                 Perseverance
                                  service and
    Inspire       to achieve
                                     product
individual and      change
                                   innovation
organizational
  excellence
TEFI Values
and the Way Forward…
The Way Forward for TEFI

•   Networking
•   Distribution
•   Pilot Projects
•   The Next Two Summits
Networking

• Accreditation Agencies:
  – UNWTO TedQual
  – ACPHA
  – Others
• Collaborating with other agencies working to
  make education more responsible
  – Academy of Hope
  – UN Principles for Responsible Management
    Education
  – Education and Science Council, UNWTO
  – BEST Education Network
Distribution

• Creation of TEFI Ambassadors
• Website:
  www.tourismeducationsummit.com
• Faculty Code of Ethics/Conduct
• Journal Articles
• Handbook for Faculty
• One week Seminars for Faculty around
  the world
• Conference Presentations
Pilot Projects

• Pilot Projects in Academia
  – Modul University: Scholarship of Hope; Oath
  – Temple University: Course templates
  – University of Hawaii: Redesign of Curriculum
• Pilot Projects in Industry
  – Engagement with Innovators
  – Stewardship internships
Professional Oaths of Honor

• Modul University, Vienna Austria

• Thunderbird Business School, USA
   – “As a global citizen, I promise:
     I will strive to act with honesty and integrity,
     I will respect the rights and dignity of all people,
     I will strive to create sustainable prosperity worldwide,
     I will oppose all forms of corruption and exploitation, and
     I will take responsibility for my actions.
     As I hold true to these principles, it is my hope that I may enjoy
     an honorable reputation and peace of conscience.
     This pledge I make freely and upon my honor.”
Pilot Courses: Temple University
                 Leisure and Tourism in a Diverse Society



STEWARDSHIP                          Upon conclusion of this course
• Service to the Community           students will be able to:
                                     • Demonstrate service to the
MUTUAL RESPECT                          community by organizing a
                                        service project.
• Diversity                          • Prepare a statement on Mutual
• Inclusion                             Respect including the terms
• Equity                                diversity and inclusion.
• Humility                           • Formulate a policy on equity
                                        (inclusive of persons with
                                        disabilities) for your business.
                                     • Write a reaction paper on how
                                        you felt when role playing a
                                        disability.
                                     Assignments include: Event
                                     Planning, Reaction Papers, Policy
                                     Development and Role Playing.
Pilot: Temple University:                     Research
                 Methodology (core)


PROFESSIONALISM             Upon conclusion of this course students will be
                            able to:
• Teamwork                  • Write a proposal to conduct research (critical
                                thinking, innovation, and creativity)
MUTUAL RESPECT              • Identify and critically evaluate literature (both
                                practical and academic) that provides the
• Collaboration                 foundation for research
                            • Critique a survey focusing on the various
                                aspects of survey design and concept
KNOWLEDGE                       evaluation
• Critical Thinking         • With a team, conduct a study which includes
• Innovation                    sampling, survey design, data collection,
                                analysis and interpretation
• Creativity                • With a team, present in both written and oral
                                formats the results of a research project.
                            Assignments include: Exams and Quizzes,
                            Research Proposal, Research Paper, and
                            Presentation
The Next Two Years

•   TEFI Values Assessment Inventory
•   Academy of Hope Scholarship
•   Grant-writing
•   2010 and 2011 Meetings
    – 2010 TEFI Meeting: Assessment and Tools
      for Change
    – 2011: TEFI World Congress: Activating
      Change in Tourism Education
• Please join us…
• QUESTIONS?
• psheldon@hawaii.edu
CONCLUSION




• More research on values transmission
TEFI Process


• Development of a foundation based upon leading
  innovators in tourism research and education
  worldwide
• Proactive, focusing on the development of leaders
  of change
• Combination of Summit and Working Groups
• Summits involve lecture to stimulate – challenge the
  status quo and discussion groups to address these
  challenges
• Working Groups focus on building tools to support
  learning & build partnerships with industry leaders
After Hawaii

• Five Values Working Groups to define/refine
  each of values
• Modul University – Implemented a program on
  sustainability; Scholarship of Hope
• Program design – HK, Australia, USA
• Case Study Working Group to identify examples
  of values-based education
  implemented at universities
  worldwide
• Lugano Summit III -                        –
  April 2009
After Lugano


• White Paper outlining the foundations for TEFI
  and its values
• Working Group - Faculty Code of Ethics
• Working Group - Pilot programs at universities
  world wide
• Working Group - TEFI
  Inventory for program
  assessment
• Summit IV - Summit V
After Vienna


• Article in Journal of Teaching in Travel and
  Tourism
• Website: www.tourismeducationsummit.com
• BEST Education Network houses TEFI
• Hawai’i Summit II - April 2008
  Towards a Values-Based Framework for
  Tourism Education.

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Values as Pillars

  • 1. Values as Pillars in Tourism Education Pauline J. Sheldon University of Hawai’i, USA
  • 2. Values – what are they? • “Deeply held beliefs that drive activities” – Personal, social, public, cultural • Some universal; some culture-specific • Silent, implicit, unexamined • Bridge between past - present – future • Difficult to shift – maybe education can • Current Crisis of Values
  • 3. Universal Values Innate dignity and development of human life Respect for Integrity and others and service environment Attitude of Quest for non-violence peace and happiness Source: Adapted from “International Association for Human Values”
  • 4. Shift in Corporate Values Property-Centered Life-Centered Corporation: Corporation: • Maximum growth • Organic growth • Maximum profits • Ethical profits • Creating wealth for • Serving variety of financial elite and CEO stakeholders • CORPORATION AS • CORPORATION AS PIECE OF PROPERTY LIVING SYSTEM.
  • 5. Changing Societal Values • There are important values entirely apart from money. “Human rights.” • Prosperity is about money but also health, balance, family. “Quality of life.” • Long-term is more important than short- term. “Sustainability.” • Public goods take priority over private interests. “Protecting the commons.”
  • 6. Shift in Tourist Values • OLD • NEW • Seek complexity of • Value simplicity and consumerism in authenticity destinations • Believe in engaged • Seek hedonistic action & service experiences ignoring • Concerned about local cultures ecology • Lack of interest in • Are altruistic, self environmental issues actualizing and spiritually engaged
  • 7. Tourism Education? • Has there been a parallel shift in tourism education? • Shouldn’t educational institutions be leading this shift? • Don’t we have to prepare out students for a VERY different world?
  • 8. Tourism Education Futures Initiative (TEFI) Pauline Sheldon, University of Hawaii, USA Daniel Fesenmaier, Temple University, USA John Tribe, University of Surrey, UK Leo Jago, Victoria University, Australia Janne Liburd, S. Denmark University AND ABOUT 70 OTHER LEADING EDUCATORS AND INDUSTRY MEMBERS FROM ABOUT 28 COUNTRIES
  • 9. THE TEFI VISION • “TEFI seeks to provide vision, knowledge and a framework for tourism education programs to promote global citizenship and optimism for a better world.” www.tourismeducationsummit.com
  • 10. Rationale For Change • Education must shift from unthinking reproduction • Focus on means rather than ends • Tsunamis of change – Climate change – Peak oil – Human rights – Food and water shortages
  • 11. TEFI Process ww.tourismeducationsummit.com • Three Annual Summits – Lectures by leading scholars and industry – Breakout group discussions – Agreements and vision setting • Work Group Assignments – Set foundation for following summit – Enable connections/networking with groups and programs • Move from Values to Implementation
  • 12. TEFI 1 - Vienna Summit • April 2007, Modul University, Vienna, Austria • 48 participants from 13 countries • Goal: White Paper to Outline a Framework for the Future of Tourism Education for 2010-2030 Summit: Megatrends Futurist Pre-meeting 5 Scenarios Values – based Readings survey framework Values Skill sets www.tourismeducationsummit.com
  • 13. Hawai’i Summit II – April, 2008 Towards a Values-Based Framework for Tourism Education • John Tribe, UK - Promoting an Academy of Hope for Tourism Education” – scoping the vision • Scott Meis, Canada - Increasing demand for qualified employees, projecting a lack as other industries compete for labor. • Gianna Moscardo, Australia - learning styles and behaviors of Gen Y. Need to attract the brightest and best to tourism studies Attended by 38 participants from ten countries.
  • 14. Lugano Summit III – April, 2009 Towards a Values-Based Framework for Tourism Curricula • Thomas Bieger, CH. - Challenges of universities in a time of change • Irena Ateljevic, NL. - Academy of Hope • Simon Wong, Hong Kong - Outcomes- based education in the Context of TEFI • Loredana Padurean, CH and Betsy Barber, USA - Linking values into curriculum design Attended by 34 participants from 14 countries.
  • 15. TEFI Values Stewardship: •sustainability, responsibility •and service to the community Mutuality: Knowledge: diversity, inclusion, •critical thinking, innovation, equity, humility, collaboration •creativity, networking Professionalism: Ethics: •leadership, practicality, •honesty, transparency, •services, relevance, timeliness, • authenticity, •reflexivity, teamwork, •authentic self •pro-activity
  • 16. ETHICS • “Right” vs. “Wrong” • Judging and guiding actions • Universal Ethical Values – Benevolence, freedom, transparency, honesty, justice, authenticity etc. • Cross-cultural issues: – Issues of ownership
  • 17. Learning Experiences in Tourism Ethics Introduce Understand Equip Draw Evoke ethics as a different students to connections actions field of study ethical achieve to issues of • Develop own • Reflexivity and traditions and reconciliation power and Student Code of decolonization principles politics Conduct • Principles of of self negotiation • Utilitarianism • Identify sources • Ethical • Ethical dilemmas due to • Kantian ethics of power of respect for leadership skills stakeholder ethics others • Aristotelian virtue ethics • others
  • 18. KNOWLEDGE • Complex cognitive processes of perception, reasoning, learning, communication, association, application • Tacit and Explicit • Knowledge Creation addresses – Creativity & innovation – Critical Thinking – Networking • Cross-Cultural issues: – Access to knowledge, knowledge creation processes
  • 19. Learning about Tourism Knowledge Strengthening Humility and students’ critical Courage in the Harvesting from thinking through fields of new Knowledge interactive • Data creation and The Art and intermediaries, teaching; management Skill of Sharing codes of • Interactive • Information Understand the management Knowledge conduct; teaching Value and processes • Knowledge Power of including Ways of • The art of creation and Knowledge questioning the management new Codes of communicating Conduct knowledge answer across borders and disciplines
  • 20. STEWARDSHIP • “Choosing service over self-interest” – Responsibility – Sustainability – Service to Others • All Stakeholders have responsibility for environment • Need understanding of stakeholder motives and exercising of power/influence • Need to engage with the non-tourism world • Cross-cultural differences: stage of development; quantity and quality of resources
  • 21. Learning about Stewardship in Tourism Understand Service how the Understand Students projects tourism that the should should system tourism critically involve operates system evaluate the The local Include requires impact of community • Inputs and debates on outputs constant their own • Other countries stewardship travels and and academic • Cause and intervention fields to effect their future issues and a re- increase evaluation of travels as knowledge of other cultures performance managers and sectors indicators and leaders
  • 22. MUTUALITY • “…grounded in human relationships mutuality requires attitudinal developments involving acceptance, self- awareness, open-mindedness and empowerment..” • Mutuality as an evolving process starting with self- awareness (Inglehart 1997) • Influences behaviors and attitudes • Respect of self and other • Diversity, inclusion, humility, equity, collaboration • Cross-cultural issues: – level of homogeneity of population
  • 23. Learning Experiences in Mutuality in Tourism Create Develop student opportunities for Encourage skills to: students to positive attitude to examine their diversity and • Initiate open dialog own mindsets of respect to all. • Manage conflict how they perceive Expose students • Reach mutually reality to social and beneficial agreements • Create safe, inclusive cultural values environments for different from own. students
  • 24. PROFESSIONALISM • “The ability to align personal and organizational conduct with ethical and professional standards that include a responsibility to customer and community and a commitment to lifelong learning”. • Leadership and pro-activity • Practicality and timeliness • Partnership development & teamwork • Relevance and reflexivity • Cross-cultural differences: – Level of prestige of tourism profession
  • 25. Learning Experiences in Tourism Professionalism Partnership Timeliness • Understand how and Leadership Pro-activity Relevance to create Practicality networks and Create and reflexivity new alliances • Embody the innovation in Taking • Build new ideals of initiative Ability to supply chain efficiency and an effectiveness organization create relationships Perseverance service and Inspire to achieve product individual and change innovation organizational excellence
  • 26. TEFI Values and the Way Forward…
  • 27. The Way Forward for TEFI • Networking • Distribution • Pilot Projects • The Next Two Summits
  • 28. Networking • Accreditation Agencies: – UNWTO TedQual – ACPHA – Others • Collaborating with other agencies working to make education more responsible – Academy of Hope – UN Principles for Responsible Management Education – Education and Science Council, UNWTO – BEST Education Network
  • 29. Distribution • Creation of TEFI Ambassadors • Website: www.tourismeducationsummit.com • Faculty Code of Ethics/Conduct • Journal Articles • Handbook for Faculty • One week Seminars for Faculty around the world • Conference Presentations
  • 30. Pilot Projects • Pilot Projects in Academia – Modul University: Scholarship of Hope; Oath – Temple University: Course templates – University of Hawaii: Redesign of Curriculum • Pilot Projects in Industry – Engagement with Innovators – Stewardship internships
  • 31. Professional Oaths of Honor • Modul University, Vienna Austria • Thunderbird Business School, USA – “As a global citizen, I promise: I will strive to act with honesty and integrity, I will respect the rights and dignity of all people, I will strive to create sustainable prosperity worldwide, I will oppose all forms of corruption and exploitation, and I will take responsibility for my actions. As I hold true to these principles, it is my hope that I may enjoy an honorable reputation and peace of conscience. This pledge I make freely and upon my honor.”
  • 32. Pilot Courses: Temple University Leisure and Tourism in a Diverse Society STEWARDSHIP Upon conclusion of this course • Service to the Community students will be able to: • Demonstrate service to the MUTUAL RESPECT community by organizing a service project. • Diversity • Prepare a statement on Mutual • Inclusion Respect including the terms • Equity diversity and inclusion. • Humility • Formulate a policy on equity (inclusive of persons with disabilities) for your business. • Write a reaction paper on how you felt when role playing a disability. Assignments include: Event Planning, Reaction Papers, Policy Development and Role Playing.
  • 33. Pilot: Temple University: Research Methodology (core) PROFESSIONALISM Upon conclusion of this course students will be able to: • Teamwork • Write a proposal to conduct research (critical thinking, innovation, and creativity) MUTUAL RESPECT • Identify and critically evaluate literature (both practical and academic) that provides the • Collaboration foundation for research • Critique a survey focusing on the various aspects of survey design and concept KNOWLEDGE evaluation • Critical Thinking • With a team, conduct a study which includes • Innovation sampling, survey design, data collection, analysis and interpretation • Creativity • With a team, present in both written and oral formats the results of a research project. Assignments include: Exams and Quizzes, Research Proposal, Research Paper, and Presentation
  • 34. The Next Two Years • TEFI Values Assessment Inventory • Academy of Hope Scholarship • Grant-writing • 2010 and 2011 Meetings – 2010 TEFI Meeting: Assessment and Tools for Change – 2011: TEFI World Congress: Activating Change in Tourism Education • Please join us…
  • 36. CONCLUSION • More research on values transmission
  • 37.
  • 38. TEFI Process • Development of a foundation based upon leading innovators in tourism research and education worldwide • Proactive, focusing on the development of leaders of change • Combination of Summit and Working Groups • Summits involve lecture to stimulate – challenge the status quo and discussion groups to address these challenges • Working Groups focus on building tools to support learning & build partnerships with industry leaders
  • 39. After Hawaii • Five Values Working Groups to define/refine each of values • Modul University – Implemented a program on sustainability; Scholarship of Hope • Program design – HK, Australia, USA • Case Study Working Group to identify examples of values-based education implemented at universities worldwide • Lugano Summit III - – April 2009
  • 40. After Lugano • White Paper outlining the foundations for TEFI and its values • Working Group - Faculty Code of Ethics • Working Group - Pilot programs at universities world wide • Working Group - TEFI Inventory for program assessment • Summit IV - Summit V
  • 41. After Vienna • Article in Journal of Teaching in Travel and Tourism • Website: www.tourismeducationsummit.com • BEST Education Network houses TEFI • Hawai’i Summit II - April 2008 Towards a Values-Based Framework for Tourism Education.