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Culture and cultural intelligence
This document discusses cultural intelligence and its importance. It defines culture and cultural awareness, and explains that culture exists at multiple levels, including individual, group, organizational, national, corporate, ethnic, industry, and demographic levels. It also discusses national cultural dimensions and clustering. Cultural intelligence is defined as the ability to adapt to and work effectively in different cultural contexts. A cultural intelligence instrument called the BCIQ is presented, which measures cultural intelligence across six dimensions: motivation, adaptive communication, cognitive preparation, active learning, cognitive awareness, and global/national knowledge. Developing cultural intelligence is important for leadership, work performance, and functioning in multicultural environments.
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Culture and cultural intelligence
- 1. Culture and Cultural Intelligence:Beyond Awareness Ilan Alon, PhD School of Business and Law University of Agder ilan.alon@uia.no
- 2. Why is therea need to understand culture?
- 3. What is culture? And,by extension, what is cultural awareness?
- 4. Multilayer Cultural Clusters Individual culture Groupculture Organizational culture National culture
- 5. Other Layers ofCulture • Corporate Culture – culture adopted, developed and disseminated in an organization; deviate from national norms, but that depends upon the strength of culture and the values and practices tied to it • Ethnicity – significant ethnic communities exist in many countries; likely to affect a myriad of issues • Industry – important layer of culture • Demographics – education, age, seniority and hierarchical level affect difference in values • Ideology – not always consistent with cultures and can vary along time and across regions
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- 7. National Culture: Hofstede’sCultural Dimensions Source: Ilan Alon, Eugene Jaffe, Global Marketing (2013), p. 67: https://geert-hofstede.com/norway.html
- 8. Other dimensions ofculture • Monochronic vs polychromic • Performance vs. humane orientation • Mastery vs. harmony • Neutral vs. emotional • Diffuse vs. specific, etc. Are there international clusters with cultural commonalities?
- 9. National Cultural Clustering Ronenand Shenkar’s culture clustering
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- 11. Niccolo Machiavelli (1532) “Butwhen a prince acquires the sovereignty of a country differing from his own both in language, manners, and intellectual organization, great difficulties arise; and in order to maintain the possession of it, good fortune must unite with superior talent.”
- 12. What is culturalintelligence?
- 13. • Ability tosuccessfully work in a cross cultural environment • Interpret unfamiliar verbal and nonverbal cues accurately • Adapt behavior to cultural norms and expectations • Improve situational judgment in cross-cultural situations • Effectively manage culturally-diverse populations What is Cultural Intelligence
- 14. Academic definition • Asystem of interacting knowledge and skills, linked by cultural meta- cognition, which allows people to adapt to, select and shape the cultural aspects of their environment (Thomas et al., 2008)
- 15. Importance of CulturalIntelligence • Work and academic performance and judgement • Work related attitudes • Psychological and sociological adjustment • Cross cultural impression management • Expatriate and international assignment success • Global leadership success
- 17. Cultural Intelligence &Global Leadership EQ Emotional Intelligence Leadership Behaviors Domestic Leadership Success Global Leadership Success CQ Geographic/Ethnic Cultural Intelligence IQ Verbal and Mathematical Intelligence Motivation Elements and Types of Motivation CQ Organizational Cultural Intelligence Alon, Ilan and James Higgins (2005), “Global Leadership Success through Emotional and Cultural Intelligences,” Business Horizons, 48 (6), 501-512.
- 18. Cultural Intelligence • IQ+ EQ + CQ = Effective Global Leadership • Cultural intelligence = • awareness + • motivation + • action/reaction • (Un)Learning through • Experience • Interpretation • Evaluation
- 19. • Defined domainsbased on literature review • Operationalized knowledge, skills, actions, and cultural metacognition • Developed and tested prototypes • Validated instrument using appropriate extensive statistical analysis including EFA and SEM • Validation published in Cross Cultural and Strategy Management (2016) and Thunderbird International Business Review (2016) • http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/IJoEM-01-2014-0011 • http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tie.21826/full Developing the BCIQ
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- 21. Four Original Dimensionsof BCIQ
- 22. • Openness andTolerance to Ambiguity and Uncertainty • Listening and Communicative Adaptation • Cognitive Preparation and Learning Behavior • Interpersonal Relationship Management • Global and National Knowledge BCIQ- 38 Establishment of Five Initial Dimensions
- 23. BCIQ – 50Finalization of Six Dimensions 1. Motivation 2. Adaptive Communication Behavior 3. Cognitive Preparation and Learning Behavior 4. Active Learning and Perceptual Sensitivity 5. Cognitive Awareness 6. Global and National Knowledge
- 24. Prototype available viaRollins College You can view the online version of the instrument here: https://bannerweb.rollins.edu/prod/owa/pkg_bciq.p_login Select Trial Visit under School/Event drop menu, with password 638512
- 25. Needs Satisfied • Impactof international education (international offices) • Teaching international business and cross cultural management • Assurance of learning for accreditation • Development of virtual international teams in working efficiently together (X-culture)
- 26. Discussion Questions • Whyis cultural intelligence important to our university? • How do we develop cultural intelligence in our students and staff? • How can I develop my cultural intelligence? And how can the university help me? • Increasing your cultural intelligence