Value Orientation Theory - Kluckhohn
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•424 views
This document summarizes Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's theory of value orientation, which describes universal questions that all cultures and societies must answer. It outlines six main orientations or problems that all cultures address: 1) humanity's relationship to nature, 2) the definition of a valued human type or achievements, 3) perceptions of time as past-, present-, or future-oriented, 4) views of human nature, 5) relationships between individuals, families, and groups, and 6) humanity's control over nature. The theory provides a framework for understanding and comparing how different cultures approach these fundamental issues.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Value orientation model
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck developed a model for analyzing and comparing cultures based on their underlying values and orientations. The model identifies six key dimensions along which cultures vary: humanity's relationship with nature, concepts of time, views of human activity, social relationships, basic human nature, and orientation towards space. These dimensions provide a framework for understanding differences in how cultures approach issues like social organization, time orientation, and human nature. While useful, the model is limited by its vagueness, difficulty of measurement, and lack of direct focus on business and management issues.
Value orientation model
The document discusses Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's model of cross-cultural value orientations, which identifies six basic dimensions that cultures vary along: relationship to nature, time orientation, activity orientation, relationships among people, human nature, and space/property. These dimensions influence a culture's values regarding important issues like work, family, and social relations. While insightful, Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's framework has weaknesses like being vague, difficult to measure, and not directly addressing business and management concerns.
Cross cultural communication challenges
This document outlines a presentation on cross-cultural communication challenges. It includes four lessons: (1) on cross-cultural communication challenges and how culture influences problem-solving and group participation, (2) six fundamental patterns of cultural differences, (3) respecting differences and working together through multicultural collaboration, and (4) guidelines for multicultural collaboration. The goal is to learn how to collaborate across cultural lines and communicate more effectively with people who are different.
Cross culture presentation
This document summarizes cross-cultural communication between different cultures. It defines culture and cross-culture, and discusses elements of communication between cultures, including codes of communication like eye contact and gestures. The document provides examples of cross-cultural misunderstandings that can occur due to differences in eating etiquette, accents, and cultural dimensions. It analyzes individualist and collectivist cultural dimensions using an example from an outsourced call center movie comparing Western and Indian cultural styles. The conclusion is that culture can strongly influence behavior and perceptions in ways that are often unconscious, like a fish not noticing the water.
Cross Cultural Communication
On these slides I describe Culture, Communication , Cross Cultural Communication, Important, Gestures, Main Barriers, Solution / Tips.
Cross cultural Communication
The document discusses cross-cultural communication and its importance. It notes that culture shapes how people view and interpret the world. Effective cross-cultural communication is important for multinational businesses, global job opportunities, and sharing of ideas. However, differences in communication styles, decision-making, and underlying beliefs between cultures can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts if not properly understood and navigated. The document provides examples of cultural differences and tips for developing strong cross-cultural communication skills.
Cross Cultural Diversity Management
This document discusses cross-cultural diversity management and sensitivity. It covers the need for awareness of different cultures and understanding barriers to communication like language, culture and perception. It discusses Hofstede's cultural dimensions and differences in areas like gifts, body language, business cards and time orientation between cultures. The importance of cultural sensitivity is emphasized, with dos and don'ts provided. Strategies for effective diversity management in the workplace are suggested, including mentoring, multicultural teams and training. The conclusion emphasizes applying what is learned to build harmonious and high performing diverse organizations.
Negotiating with Americans [SAV Lecture]
Americans value independence and self-reliance due to their geography and history of immigration. In negotiations, they prefer direct, candid communication and taking firm positions early on. Decision making is often individual and fast-paced to respect the value of time. While relationships are only moderately important, establishing trust is key. Regional differences exist but diversity is tolerated.
Recommended
Value orientation model
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck developed a model for analyzing and comparing cultures based on their underlying values and orientations. The model identifies six key dimensions along which cultures vary: humanity's relationship with nature, concepts of time, views of human activity, social relationships, basic human nature, and orientation towards space. These dimensions provide a framework for understanding differences in how cultures approach issues like social organization, time orientation, and human nature. While useful, the model is limited by its vagueness, difficulty of measurement, and lack of direct focus on business and management issues.
Value orientation model
The document discusses Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's model of cross-cultural value orientations, which identifies six basic dimensions that cultures vary along: relationship to nature, time orientation, activity orientation, relationships among people, human nature, and space/property. These dimensions influence a culture's values regarding important issues like work, family, and social relations. While insightful, Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's framework has weaknesses like being vague, difficult to measure, and not directly addressing business and management concerns.
Cross cultural communication challenges
This document outlines a presentation on cross-cultural communication challenges. It includes four lessons: (1) on cross-cultural communication challenges and how culture influences problem-solving and group participation, (2) six fundamental patterns of cultural differences, (3) respecting differences and working together through multicultural collaboration, and (4) guidelines for multicultural collaboration. The goal is to learn how to collaborate across cultural lines and communicate more effectively with people who are different.
Cross culture presentation
This document summarizes cross-cultural communication between different cultures. It defines culture and cross-culture, and discusses elements of communication between cultures, including codes of communication like eye contact and gestures. The document provides examples of cross-cultural misunderstandings that can occur due to differences in eating etiquette, accents, and cultural dimensions. It analyzes individualist and collectivist cultural dimensions using an example from an outsourced call center movie comparing Western and Indian cultural styles. The conclusion is that culture can strongly influence behavior and perceptions in ways that are often unconscious, like a fish not noticing the water.
Cross Cultural Communication
On these slides I describe Culture, Communication , Cross Cultural Communication, Important, Gestures, Main Barriers, Solution / Tips.
Cross cultural Communication
The document discusses cross-cultural communication and its importance. It notes that culture shapes how people view and interpret the world. Effective cross-cultural communication is important for multinational businesses, global job opportunities, and sharing of ideas. However, differences in communication styles, decision-making, and underlying beliefs between cultures can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts if not properly understood and navigated. The document provides examples of cultural differences and tips for developing strong cross-cultural communication skills.
Cross Cultural Diversity Management
This document discusses cross-cultural diversity management and sensitivity. It covers the need for awareness of different cultures and understanding barriers to communication like language, culture and perception. It discusses Hofstede's cultural dimensions and differences in areas like gifts, body language, business cards and time orientation between cultures. The importance of cultural sensitivity is emphasized, with dos and don'ts provided. Strategies for effective diversity management in the workplace are suggested, including mentoring, multicultural teams and training. The conclusion emphasizes applying what is learned to build harmonious and high performing diverse organizations.
Negotiating with Americans [SAV Lecture]
Americans value independence and self-reliance due to their geography and history of immigration. In negotiations, they prefer direct, candid communication and taking firm positions early on. Decision making is often individual and fast-paced to respect the value of time. While relationships are only moderately important, establishing trust is key. Regional differences exist but diversity is tolerated.
Cross Cultural Communication
Created by Aditi Shrivastava, Aditya Malviya, Aditya Rana, Akshat Saxena . Students of UIT RGPV CSE - A 2014 Group 2. Cross Cultural Communication and barrier to efective communication.
Cross Cultural Management
Infosys has developed a 4-step process to effectively manage cross-cultural issues when transitioning to a global delivery model. This includes understanding different work cultures, client businesses, technical processes, and continuously improving client-facing processes. Cross-cultural training covers cultural acclimation, business overviews, and technical environments specific to each client. Infosys' approach promotes better collaboration and project management across cultures.
Schemas analysis
The document discusses Shahid Mehmood's presentation on schema analysis. It defines schemas as patterns of thought or behavior that organize information. Schemas help interpret new situations based on prior experiences. The presentation covers the history of schema analysis, types of schemas, methods of studying schemas, and folk theories. Bartlett's work in the 1920s established that schemas influence how stories are remembered and retold over time.
Cross Cultural Communication
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and some of the differences in communication styles between high and low context cultures. It notes that culture is learned rather than inherent and can influence factors like preferred methods of interaction, understanding of verbal vs non-verbal cues, reasoning patterns, and formality. The document provides examples of high and low context cultures and lists some non-verbal communication behaviors and tips for effective cross-cultural communication.
Cross cultural communication-ppt
This document provides an overview of cross-cultural communication. It defines culture and communication and explains that cross-cultural interaction is important for international business. Key differences in communication styles, conflict management, and decision-making across cultures are discussed. Barriers to effective cross-cultural communication like ethnocentrism and stereotyping are also outlined. The document concludes by suggesting skills for improving cross-cultural interaction such as understanding body language, selecting appropriate business gifts, and choosing topics of discussion.
Intercultural Business Communication Ppp
The document discusses several key points about intercultural communication:
1) Intercultural communication is important for connecting organizations globally and facilitating knowledge sharing.
2) Intercultural communication faces challenges like ambiguity, lack of shared meanings, prejudice and lack of cultural understanding.
3) Being effective in intercultural communication requires skills like cultural adaptation, relationship building, self-awareness and intercultural competencies like empathy and open-mindedness.
4) Understanding different cultural communication styles and having situational adaptability are important for multicultural work situations.
Cross cultural communication
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and the importance of understanding cultural differences. Culture is defined as the ideas, customs, and social behaviors shared by a group. Cross-cultural communication looks at how people from different cultures communicate with each other and within their own culture. Barriers to effective cross-cultural communication include ethnocentrism, discrimination, stereotyping and cultural insensitivity. Understanding cultural differences like communication style, gestures, and values is key to overcoming these barriers. Being respectful and building trust across cultures helps improve cross-cultural communication.
Trompenaars cultural dimensions
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner identified seven cultural dimensions along which cultures can be classified based on their research on business executives. These seven dimensions are universalism versus particularism, communitarianism versus individualism, neutral versus emotional, diffuse versus specific cultures, achievement versus ascription, human-time relationship, and human-nature relationship. Their 1997 book "Riding The Waves of Culture" explores these seven value orientations between cultures.
Communicating Across Cultures
Communicating across cultures effectively is important for business success. Cultural differences can lead to miscommunication if not properly understood. Culture refers to the shared ways groups understand the world and includes behaviors, beliefs, and practices. There are two major types of cultural differences that affect communication - differences in body language and differences in views of relationships regarding factors like time, space, intimacy, and emotions. Overcoming cultural barriers requires understanding these differences, communicating simply, continually checking for accurate understanding, and embracing diversity in the workplace.
Cross Cultural Communication
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and some of the differences in communication styles across cultures. It notes that culture influences visible communication styles, attitudes towards conflict, and decision making, as well as invisible beliefs, values, and expectations. Effective cross-cultural communication requires understanding these cultural differences, such as how eye contact, gestures, and topics of conversation are viewed differently. It also identifies some blocks to cross-cultural communication like stereotyping and cultural imposition. The document provides tips for overcoming differences and building trust across cultures, as well as precautions to take like slowing down, checking for understanding, and being mindful of humor and etiquette.
High Context and Low Context
The document discusses high context and low context cultures. High context cultures have close connections where much information is implicit and based on relationships and understanding hidden cues. Low context cultures have more explicit information where rules are clearly defined and tasks take priority over relationships. Cultural adjustment between the contexts requires understanding different communication styles, focus on tasks versus relationships, and treatment of time and commitments.
Cross culture communication
The presentation tells you about the dynamics of cross cultural communication in national and international context.
The Seven Dimensions of Culture
The document outlines the Seven Dimensions of Culture as defined by Trompenaars Hampden-Turner (THT), a research consulting firm. The seven dimensions are: 1) Universalism vs Particularism, 2) Individualism vs Communitarianism, 3) Specific vs Diffuse, 4) Neutral vs Affective, 5) Achievement vs Ascription, 6) Time Orientation, and 7) Internal vs External. These dimensions describe the areas in which cultural values can vary and provide a framework for understanding differences in how people and organizations interact across cultures.
Cultural Conflict
Cultural conflict arises when different cultures interact and their behaviors and values conflict. It can occur between individuals, within a culture, between a culture and itself, or between different cultures. Examples include conflicts between ethnic groups in Bosnia, Rwanda, and Northern Ireland. Cultural conflict is expressed through instrumental conflicts over goals and practices or expressive conflicts regarding emotions. While culture is a source of conflict, understanding cultural differences can help resolve or prevent conflicts, though cultural conflicts cannot always be avoided since culture influences all relationships where conflict occurs.
Cross culture communication (1)
This document discusses cross-cultural communication. It begins by defining culture and cross-cultural communication, noting that cross-cultural communication looks at how people from different backgrounds communicate with each other and across cultures. It then discusses how the study of cross-cultural communication originated in business and government contexts. The document outlines some key differences in communication styles, attitudes, decision-making, and ways of knowing across cultures. It provides some examples of cultural differences in gestures and eye contact. It also discusses obstacles to cross-cultural communication like differing values and racism. The document concludes by suggesting skills and techniques to enhance cross-cultural communication, like respecting differences, building trust, and understanding body language.
Hofstede's cultural dimensions
Here are some key points that could be discussed:
- Hofstede's model provides a useful framework for analyzing and comparing cultural differences, but it also has limitations since cultures are complex and not fully defined by these dimensions.
- People's experiences and perspectives are shaped by their cultural background, so seeing issues through another cultural lens aided by models like Hofstede's can foster cross-cultural understanding.
- However, models also risk overgeneralizing or oversimplifying cultures. Individual experiences within a culture can vary widely.
- Overall, Hofstede's dimensions seem most helpful when used as a starting point for discussion rather than a definitive analysis, and with an understanding of both their benefits and limitations
Cross-Cultural Communication
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and some of the key factors that affect it. It outlines 6 fundamental patterns of cultural differences that influence communication styles, conflict approaches, decision making, and more. These include different communication styles, attitudes towards conflict, task completion approaches, and views on disclosure. It also discusses high-context versus low-context cultures and differences in verbal and non-verbal communication like eye contact, gestures, touch, and colors across cultures. The document provides tips for improving cross-cultural communication such as overcoming ethnocentrism, removing language barriers, and slowing down communication.
Cross cultural negotiation
The document provides an overview of cross-cultural negotiation. It discusses components of negotiation like strategies, processes, behaviors, and substance. It also examines individual negotiation styles like accommodating, avoiding, collaborating, competing, and compromising. Cultural differences that can impact negotiations are explored, including differences in language, nonverbal behaviors, values, and thinking processes. Specific negotiation tactics and tips are outlined. Finally, the document summarizes frameworks for understanding cultural differences like Hofstede's culture matrix and ways that culture can influence goals, communication styles, and approaches to agreements and risk.
Cross cultural communication
Cross cultural communication refers to the communication between people who have differences in any one of the following: styles of working, age, nationality, ethnicity, race, gender, sexual orientation, etc. Cross cultural communication can also refer to the attempts that are made to exchange, negotiate and mediate cultural differences by means of language, gestures and body language. It is how people belonging to different cultures communicate with each other.
Intercultural communication presentation
This document provides an overview of intercultural communication and cultural differences. It defines culture and why cultures differ, and discusses types of cultural communication including cross-cultural, international, multicultural, and intercultural communication. Examples of cultural differences in business are provided around gestures, touch, masculinity and femininity, and the separation of power. The importance of intercultural communication for international business success is outlined. Globalization and a multicultural workforce are two trends driving greater intercultural communication needs. Guidelines for effective intercultural communication include dos like avoiding assumptions and don'ts like considering other traditions backward. The conclusion emphasizes that not practicing effective intercultural communication can damage business deals.
Moral development approach
The document discusses moral development and ethical theories. It describes how educators use moral dilemmas to stimulate moral reasoning in students. It outlines several approaches to ethics, including consequentialist theories that focus on outcomes (e.g. utilitarianism), non-consequentialist theories concerned with intentions and duties (e.g. deontological, rights-based), and agent-centered theories focused on virtues and character. The document emphasizes that moral development and understanding different ethical approaches help people make proper decisions, and encourages seeking help when facing difficult choices or feelings of being stuck.
slides 2 problem of pholosophy. to discover areas of philosophy to scientific...
This document discusses several key topics in philosophy including ontology, ethics, and free will vs determinism.
1) Ontology is the study of the nature of reality and existence. It examines questions about the relationship between mind and body, the nature of time and causality, and whether reality exists independently of the mind.
2) Ethics examines theories of right and wrong action, including metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. It explores the nature of morality and how people should act.
3) The debate over free will vs determinism centers around whether human actions are freely chosen or determined by prior causes. Compatibilists believe we can have both free will and determinism, while hard determin
More Related Content
What's hot
Cross Cultural Communication
Created by Aditi Shrivastava, Aditya Malviya, Aditya Rana, Akshat Saxena . Students of UIT RGPV CSE - A 2014 Group 2. Cross Cultural Communication and barrier to efective communication.
Cross Cultural Management
Infosys has developed a 4-step process to effectively manage cross-cultural issues when transitioning to a global delivery model. This includes understanding different work cultures, client businesses, technical processes, and continuously improving client-facing processes. Cross-cultural training covers cultural acclimation, business overviews, and technical environments specific to each client. Infosys' approach promotes better collaboration and project management across cultures.
Schemas analysis
The document discusses Shahid Mehmood's presentation on schema analysis. It defines schemas as patterns of thought or behavior that organize information. Schemas help interpret new situations based on prior experiences. The presentation covers the history of schema analysis, types of schemas, methods of studying schemas, and folk theories. Bartlett's work in the 1920s established that schemas influence how stories are remembered and retold over time.
Cross Cultural Communication
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and some of the differences in communication styles between high and low context cultures. It notes that culture is learned rather than inherent and can influence factors like preferred methods of interaction, understanding of verbal vs non-verbal cues, reasoning patterns, and formality. The document provides examples of high and low context cultures and lists some non-verbal communication behaviors and tips for effective cross-cultural communication.
Cross cultural communication-ppt
This document provides an overview of cross-cultural communication. It defines culture and communication and explains that cross-cultural interaction is important for international business. Key differences in communication styles, conflict management, and decision-making across cultures are discussed. Barriers to effective cross-cultural communication like ethnocentrism and stereotyping are also outlined. The document concludes by suggesting skills for improving cross-cultural interaction such as understanding body language, selecting appropriate business gifts, and choosing topics of discussion.
Intercultural Business Communication Ppp
The document discusses several key points about intercultural communication:
1) Intercultural communication is important for connecting organizations globally and facilitating knowledge sharing.
2) Intercultural communication faces challenges like ambiguity, lack of shared meanings, prejudice and lack of cultural understanding.
3) Being effective in intercultural communication requires skills like cultural adaptation, relationship building, self-awareness and intercultural competencies like empathy and open-mindedness.
4) Understanding different cultural communication styles and having situational adaptability are important for multicultural work situations.
Cross cultural communication
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and the importance of understanding cultural differences. Culture is defined as the ideas, customs, and social behaviors shared by a group. Cross-cultural communication looks at how people from different cultures communicate with each other and within their own culture. Barriers to effective cross-cultural communication include ethnocentrism, discrimination, stereotyping and cultural insensitivity. Understanding cultural differences like communication style, gestures, and values is key to overcoming these barriers. Being respectful and building trust across cultures helps improve cross-cultural communication.
Trompenaars cultural dimensions
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner identified seven cultural dimensions along which cultures can be classified based on their research on business executives. These seven dimensions are universalism versus particularism, communitarianism versus individualism, neutral versus emotional, diffuse versus specific cultures, achievement versus ascription, human-time relationship, and human-nature relationship. Their 1997 book "Riding The Waves of Culture" explores these seven value orientations between cultures.
Communicating Across Cultures
Communicating across cultures effectively is important for business success. Cultural differences can lead to miscommunication if not properly understood. Culture refers to the shared ways groups understand the world and includes behaviors, beliefs, and practices. There are two major types of cultural differences that affect communication - differences in body language and differences in views of relationships regarding factors like time, space, intimacy, and emotions. Overcoming cultural barriers requires understanding these differences, communicating simply, continually checking for accurate understanding, and embracing diversity in the workplace.
Cross Cultural Communication
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and some of the differences in communication styles across cultures. It notes that culture influences visible communication styles, attitudes towards conflict, and decision making, as well as invisible beliefs, values, and expectations. Effective cross-cultural communication requires understanding these cultural differences, such as how eye contact, gestures, and topics of conversation are viewed differently. It also identifies some blocks to cross-cultural communication like stereotyping and cultural imposition. The document provides tips for overcoming differences and building trust across cultures, as well as precautions to take like slowing down, checking for understanding, and being mindful of humor and etiquette.
High Context and Low Context
The document discusses high context and low context cultures. High context cultures have close connections where much information is implicit and based on relationships and understanding hidden cues. Low context cultures have more explicit information where rules are clearly defined and tasks take priority over relationships. Cultural adjustment between the contexts requires understanding different communication styles, focus on tasks versus relationships, and treatment of time and commitments.
Cross culture communication
The presentation tells you about the dynamics of cross cultural communication in national and international context.
The Seven Dimensions of Culture
The document outlines the Seven Dimensions of Culture as defined by Trompenaars Hampden-Turner (THT), a research consulting firm. The seven dimensions are: 1) Universalism vs Particularism, 2) Individualism vs Communitarianism, 3) Specific vs Diffuse, 4) Neutral vs Affective, 5) Achievement vs Ascription, 6) Time Orientation, and 7) Internal vs External. These dimensions describe the areas in which cultural values can vary and provide a framework for understanding differences in how people and organizations interact across cultures.
Cultural Conflict
Cultural conflict arises when different cultures interact and their behaviors and values conflict. It can occur between individuals, within a culture, between a culture and itself, or between different cultures. Examples include conflicts between ethnic groups in Bosnia, Rwanda, and Northern Ireland. Cultural conflict is expressed through instrumental conflicts over goals and practices or expressive conflicts regarding emotions. While culture is a source of conflict, understanding cultural differences can help resolve or prevent conflicts, though cultural conflicts cannot always be avoided since culture influences all relationships where conflict occurs.
Cross culture communication (1)
This document discusses cross-cultural communication. It begins by defining culture and cross-cultural communication, noting that cross-cultural communication looks at how people from different backgrounds communicate with each other and across cultures. It then discusses how the study of cross-cultural communication originated in business and government contexts. The document outlines some key differences in communication styles, attitudes, decision-making, and ways of knowing across cultures. It provides some examples of cultural differences in gestures and eye contact. It also discusses obstacles to cross-cultural communication like differing values and racism. The document concludes by suggesting skills and techniques to enhance cross-cultural communication, like respecting differences, building trust, and understanding body language.
Hofstede's cultural dimensions
Here are some key points that could be discussed:
- Hofstede's model provides a useful framework for analyzing and comparing cultural differences, but it also has limitations since cultures are complex and not fully defined by these dimensions.
- People's experiences and perspectives are shaped by their cultural background, so seeing issues through another cultural lens aided by models like Hofstede's can foster cross-cultural understanding.
- However, models also risk overgeneralizing or oversimplifying cultures. Individual experiences within a culture can vary widely.
- Overall, Hofstede's dimensions seem most helpful when used as a starting point for discussion rather than a definitive analysis, and with an understanding of both their benefits and limitations
Cross-Cultural Communication
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and some of the key factors that affect it. It outlines 6 fundamental patterns of cultural differences that influence communication styles, conflict approaches, decision making, and more. These include different communication styles, attitudes towards conflict, task completion approaches, and views on disclosure. It also discusses high-context versus low-context cultures and differences in verbal and non-verbal communication like eye contact, gestures, touch, and colors across cultures. The document provides tips for improving cross-cultural communication such as overcoming ethnocentrism, removing language barriers, and slowing down communication.
Cross cultural negotiation
The document provides an overview of cross-cultural negotiation. It discusses components of negotiation like strategies, processes, behaviors, and substance. It also examines individual negotiation styles like accommodating, avoiding, collaborating, competing, and compromising. Cultural differences that can impact negotiations are explored, including differences in language, nonverbal behaviors, values, and thinking processes. Specific negotiation tactics and tips are outlined. Finally, the document summarizes frameworks for understanding cultural differences like Hofstede's culture matrix and ways that culture can influence goals, communication styles, and approaches to agreements and risk.
Cross cultural communication
Cross cultural communication refers to the communication between people who have differences in any one of the following: styles of working, age, nationality, ethnicity, race, gender, sexual orientation, etc. Cross cultural communication can also refer to the attempts that are made to exchange, negotiate and mediate cultural differences by means of language, gestures and body language. It is how people belonging to different cultures communicate with each other.
Intercultural communication presentation
This document provides an overview of intercultural communication and cultural differences. It defines culture and why cultures differ, and discusses types of cultural communication including cross-cultural, international, multicultural, and intercultural communication. Examples of cultural differences in business are provided around gestures, touch, masculinity and femininity, and the separation of power. The importance of intercultural communication for international business success is outlined. Globalization and a multicultural workforce are two trends driving greater intercultural communication needs. Guidelines for effective intercultural communication include dos like avoiding assumptions and don'ts like considering other traditions backward. The conclusion emphasizes that not practicing effective intercultural communication can damage business deals.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Value Orientation Theory - Kluckhohn
Moral development approach
The document discusses moral development and ethical theories. It describes how educators use moral dilemmas to stimulate moral reasoning in students. It outlines several approaches to ethics, including consequentialist theories that focus on outcomes (e.g. utilitarianism), non-consequentialist theories concerned with intentions and duties (e.g. deontological, rights-based), and agent-centered theories focused on virtues and character. The document emphasizes that moral development and understanding different ethical approaches help people make proper decisions, and encourages seeking help when facing difficult choices or feelings of being stuck.
slides 2 problem of pholosophy. to discover areas of philosophy to scientific...
This document discusses several key topics in philosophy including ontology, ethics, and free will vs determinism.
1) Ontology is the study of the nature of reality and existence. It examines questions about the relationship between mind and body, the nature of time and causality, and whether reality exists independently of the mind.
2) Ethics examines theories of right and wrong action, including metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. It explores the nature of morality and how people should act.
3) The debate over free will vs determinism centers around whether human actions are freely chosen or determined by prior causes. Compatibilists believe we can have both free will and determinism, while hard determin
UCSP-Q2.pptx
Here are the questions from the passage:
1. What are the two main lessons we should learn from cultural relativism according to the author?
The two main lessons are:
1) Cultural relativism warns us that not all of our practices are based on some absolute rational standard, and some are merely conventional to our society.
2) Cultural relativism keeps an open mind and reminds us that our feelings are not necessarily perceptions of truth, but may be due to cultural conditioning. This helps broaden our minds.
2. How does the author say we can understand the appeal of cultural relativism despite its shortcomings?
The author says we can understand the appeal of cultural relativism despite its shortcomings
PDC+++ Module 1 Class 8
of the PDC+++ in Integral Permaculture
see www.PermaCultureScience.com
What is the Integral Model & how does it work? Why is it so significant for this time in history?
In this class we study the integral model in depth & ask why it could be one of the most important maps for directing us in the creation of more sustainable human societies.
Integral theory is an all-inclusive framework that draws on the key insights of the world’s greatest knowledge traditions.
The awareness gained from drawing on all truths and perspectives allows the Integral thinker to bring new depth, clarity and compassion to every level of human endeavor — from unlocking individual potential to finding new approaches to global-scale problems.
To Kill A Mockingbird Analysis Essay
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee: Interpretive Essay Sample Free .... To Kill A Mockingbird Essay Telegraph. To Kill a Mockingbird Essay English Advanced - Year 11 HSC Thinkswap. To kill a mockingbird essay. An essay on to kill a mockingbird - College Homework Help and Online .... To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis of Power and Responsibility English .... To Kill a Mockingbird Charts. To kill a mockingbird characterization. Characterization of Jem the .... To Kill A Mockingbird Literary Analysis PDF. To Kill A Mockingbird essay about innocence To Kill A Mockingbird .... Essay on To Kill a Mockingbird: Writing Guide for Every Student .... To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis Essay by Samantha Fletcher TpT. To Kill a Mockingbird. To Kill A Mockingbird: A Literary Analysis Essay Example - PHDessay.com. Literary essay for to kill a mockingbird. Literary Analysis Essay To Kill a Mockingbird and Dry September TpT. To Kill a Mockingbird Critical Essay - GCSE English - Marked by .... To Kill A Mockingbird Essay English Academic - Grade 10 OSSD .... to kill a mockingbird essay. Themes Of Prejudice In To Kill A Mockingbird Essay. To kill a mockingbird - Analysis - To Kill A Mockingbird Analytical .... Topic sentence for to kill a mockingbird. 91 To Kill a Mockingbird .... The help and to kill a mockingbird essay. To Kill a Mockingbird Essay. Essays on to kill a mockingbird symbolism in 2021 Essay, Essay .... To Kill A Mockingbird Essay Topics. Descriptive Essay: To kill a mockingbird essay. To Kill A MockingBird Essay English Academic - Grade 10 OSSD .... To Kill a Mockingbird literary essay.doc. To kill a mockingbird analysis essay. To Kill a Mockingbird Essay .... To Kill A Mockingbird Essay Literature - Year 11 WACE Thinkswap. the help and to kill a mockingbird essay. To kill a mockingbird analytical essay. To Kill a Mockingbird .... To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Year 12 HSC - English Advanced Thinkswap To Kill A Mockingbird Analysis Essay To Kill A Mockingbird Analysis Essay
Apologetics 1 Lesson 3 Worldviews and Presuppositions
Lesson 3 of a multipart series. Everyone has a Weltanschauung and most don’t know it. Defining a Worldview. What is prime reality – the really real? (i.e. God) What is the nature of external reality, that is, the world around us? What is a human being? What happens to a person at death? Why is it possible to know anything at all? How do we know what is right and wrong? What is the meaning of human history?
Strategic Note-taking for Social Sciences Research QRSTUV.docx
Strategic Note-taking for Social Sciences Research: QRSTUV
Title and
Author
Question Research
Methods
Summary of Findings Takeaway
Message
Unfamiliar
Vocabulary
Kenneth Gergen,
“Together We
Construct Our
Worlds”
P5-12
Since what we
consider real is
socially
constructed,
what makes
people agree it
is real.
For example:
Before we
know tree is
tree. What
makes people
believe it is
tree?
Observation Gergen argues the most important means
of reality maintenance is conversation. It
is through conversation that we create
social common sense, which is also what
makes our world today. For example, if we
do not agree on trees as trees, then, there
will be no trees.
Social Origins of Good and Real:
• The ways in which we understand the
world is not required by “what there is.”
• The ways in which we describe and
explain the world are the outcomes of
relationship.
• Constructions gain their significance
from social utility.
• Values are created and sustained within
forms of life (including science).
If everything we
consider real is
socially
constructed, then
nothing is real
unless people
agree that it is.
Social
Convention : are
those arbitrary rules
and norms
governing the
countless behaviors
all of us engage in
every day without
necessarily thinking
about them, from
shaking hands when
greeting someone to
driving on the right
side of the road.
Social Utility :
is a service, or
characteristic, that
benefits the
majority of
population of any
given society.
Gerld Handel,
Spencer Cahill,
Frederick Elkin,
“Human Neural
Plasticity and
Socialization”
P13-19
Is it possible to
have a child
who were
born with
disability to
succeed as a
normal child?
Observation,
Content Analysis
• This article introduce the debate of
nature versus nurture focusing on human
development and individuals’
consequent abilities and characteristics.
• The author of shows a couple studies
that is limited to the importance of
neural plasticity during primary or
children socialization.
• The author is proven that neural
plasticity of human brain are the
foundation of child development. It is
what shapes the child’s personality and
abilities.
• However, socialization/experience
shapes biological functioning. In another
word, experience is what shapes the
neural circuitry of the human brain and
sustain it.
Humans have
not a single but
dual nature.
Human Neural
Plasticity : The
brain's ability to
reorganize itself by
forming new neural
connections
throughout life.
Synapse : a junction
between two nerve
cells, consisting of a
minute gap across
which impulses pass
by diffusion of a
neurotransmitter.
Infantile Autistic:
characterized by lack
of interest in others,
impaired
communication skills,
and bizarre behavior,
as ritualistic acts and
excessive attachment
to objects.
Kent Sandstorm,
“Symbols and the
Creation of
Reality”
P20-27
What is some
downside when.
Chapter 1- Lesson 1 Notes.pdf
This document provides an overview of the history of ethics from ancient Greece to the present day. It discusses five significant periods: 1) The Classical Period focused on rationalism and curiosity, with philosophers like Plato and Aristotle. 2) The Middle Ages emphasized continuity with classical doctrines but also religion's influence on philosophy. 3) The Early Modern Period saw a shift from supernatural to natural philosophy with the rise of science. 4) The Nineteenth Century was characterized by utilitarianism, scientific theory, and skepticism of ethics. 5) The Contemporary Period exhibits diverse moral beliefs and a focus on understanding human nature. The document also defines key concepts like ethics, morality, values, and virtues.
E-Anthropomorphy (1).pptx
This document discusses environmental philosophy from the Enlightenment era to today. It identifies several factors that have contributed to humanity's view of nature as something to exploit. These include Judeo-Christian beliefs establishing human dominance over nature, René Descartes' argument for human superiority based on reason and mind, and the rise of instrumental rationality valuing nature only for its utility to humans. While these philosophies encouraged exploitation, the document suggests new approaches are needed like deep ecology that recognize humanity's interdependence with nature.
dilemmas.pdf
This document provides an overview of moral dilemmas and applied philosophy. It discusses how philosophy aims to understand existence and explores topics like ethics, logic, epistemology, and metaphysics. Moral dilemmas arise when two moral requirements conflict such that it is impossible to fulfill both. Examples given are dilemmas around world poverty, euthanasia, and abortion. The document also outlines how applied philosophy examines themes of moral dilemmas, social justice, and technology, providing case studies to discuss issues like internet crimes and their social impact.
Introduction to ethics (Term 30/11/2012 to 7/4/2013)
This document provides an overview and syllabus for an Introduction to Ethics course at Paññāsāstra University of Cambodia. It includes information about the course lecturer, textbook, and topics that will be covered over the course of the semester. The course aims to provide students a fundamental understanding of major issues in ethics and help answer questions about morality, character, right and wrong actions, and living an examined life. It will examine theories of ethics and virtues, as well as issues of diversity, relativism, and religious ethics. The first chapter will define morality and ethics, and discuss morality in relation to self-interest.
FREEDOM & Moral Acts: ETHICS
A PPT that clearly describes and shows how freedom and moral acts are related to each other in connection to our ethical standards.
703, Introduction to Christian Philosophy: Nash, worldview thinking
Teaching notes from LTCi in Siliguri - based upon the text of Ronald Nash's Life's Ultimate Questions
The Meaning of Value Consideration in Futures Studies
The document discusses several key topics related to futures studies and consideration of values:
1. Futures studies aims to explore possible, probable, and desirable futures in order to help decision-making and diminish unwanted consequences. It does this by considering values that guide choices.
2. Values play a role in selecting ideal outcomes and means to achieve them. However, determining what ought to be done based on factual statements about what is can be challenging.
3. Living with constant change and technology dependence has increased social vulnerability and weakened the meaningfulness of decisions as traditional social structures change. Reconsidering ethics and values is important in guiding choices with less routine guidance.
Sociology day 1 - Welcome notes from Dr. Xena Crystal LC Huang
This document contains notes from an introductory sociology course taught by Dr. Li-chin Huang. It includes an introduction to sociology concepts like critical thinking, social structures, and sociological perspectives. It also outlines the course topics like foundations of society, social institutions, and social change. Key sociological paradigms and theories are discussed as analytical tools to help students think critically about society. Bloom's taxonomy of learning and methods for developing critical thinking skills are presented.
Lect 6b Environmentally toxic beliefs 2013
Signposts to a western worldview of environmental beliefs. A look at what guides western thinking about the ecological crisis.
Ethics_Chapter 1 The Moral Agent Lessons 1-3.pdf
This document summarizes 3 lessons: 1) How culture shapes human behavior and defines moral codes, 2) Cultural relativism and its advantages and dangers, and 3) Universal values shared across cultures. Lesson 1 defines culture and its elements. Lesson 2 discusses cultural relativism and that moral codes differ by society, though this poses dangers if harmful practices cannot be criticized. Lesson 3 identifies 3 universal values: caring for the young, murder is wrong, and telling the truth.
Lesson 2
Kant was an influential 18th century philosopher who developed deontological ethics. He believed morality should be based on universal principles of reason and duty rather than subjective feelings or consequences. For Kant, the supreme moral principle was the categorical imperative - we should only act in a way that could become a universal law applying to all people. This and treating people as ends in themselves, not means, form the basis of Kant's deontological ethical philosophy.
PSY200powerpoint5
1. The document discusses moral development in children, including the development of a Theory of Mind between ages 2-3 where children understand that others have their own thoughts and feelings. It also discusses Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning and the development of perspective-taking abilities.
2. It provides an overview of concepts like distributive justice, moral dilemmas, and the conventional vs moral domains of rules. It suggests ways to create a moral atmosphere in the classroom.
3. The document discusses diversity and convergences in moral development across cultures, noting both differences and commonalities in how social contexts influence individuals.
Fa
This document provides an introduction to ethics by defining key terms and concepts. It explains that ethics comes from Greek words meaning character and custom. Ethics studies morality and human conduct. The document outlines the branches of ethics as normative, applied, and meta-ethics. Meta-ethics explores the origins and meaning of moral values and language. The document also distinguishes between ethics, morality, feelings, religion, law, and culture. It discusses how ethics applies to different fields and examines the link between freedom, responsibility, and human dignity.
Similar to Value Orientation Theory - Kluckhohn (20)
slides 2 problem of pholosophy. to discover areas of philosophy to scientific...
slides 2 problem of pholosophy. to discover areas of philosophy to scientific...
Apologetics 1 Lesson 3 Worldviews and Presuppositions
Apologetics 1 Lesson 3 Worldviews and Presuppositions
Strategic Note-taking for Social Sciences Research QRSTUV.docx
Strategic Note-taking for Social Sciences Research QRSTUV.docx
Introduction to ethics (Term 30/11/2012 to 7/4/2013)
Introduction to ethics (Term 30/11/2012 to 7/4/2013)
703, Introduction to Christian Philosophy: Nash, worldview thinking
703, Introduction to Christian Philosophy: Nash, worldview thinking
The Meaning of Value Consideration in Futures Studies
The Meaning of Value Consideration in Futures Studies
Sociology day 1 - Welcome notes from Dr. Xena Crystal LC Huang
Sociology day 1 - Welcome notes from Dr. Xena Crystal LC Huang
Recently uploaded
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
Warehousing
Good warehousing practices
Material management
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
Male reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptx
Physiology of Male reproduction.
Video mentioned at page no. 23 as summary for better understanding
Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...
Magmatic iron-meteorite parent bodies are the earliest planetesimals in the Solar System,and they preserve information about conditions and planet-forming processes in thesolar nebula. In this study, we include comprehensive elemental compositions andfractional-crystallization modeling for iron meteorites from the cores of five differenti-ated asteroids from the inner Solar System. Together with previous results of metalliccores from the outer Solar System, we conclude that asteroidal cores from the outerSolar System have smaller sizes, elevated siderophile-element abundances, and simplercrystallization processes than those from the inner Solar System. These differences arerelated to the formation locations of the parent asteroids because the solar protoplane-tary disk varied in redox conditions, elemental distributions, and dynamics at differentheliocentric distances. Using highly siderophile-element data from iron meteorites, wereconstruct the distribution of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) across theprotoplanetary disk within the first million years of Solar-System history. CAIs, the firstsolids to condense in the Solar System, formed close to the Sun. They were, however,concentrated within the outer disk and depleted within the inner disk. Future modelsof the structure and evolution of the protoplanetary disk should account for this dis-tribution pattern of CAIs.
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Recently uploaded (20)
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...
Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Value Orientation Theory - Kluckhohn
- 2. 2 • Conjectured by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck and describes universal questions that all cultures/societies must answer. These problems can be found and explained in every society as far back as ancient Greek and up until now! What is it?
- 3. Humanity vs. Nature One of the most important problems of any society is the way it perceives nature. For example, some might believe it to be godly or God-given while others may see it as a humane right to control. 3
- 4. Humanity vs. Valued Type Also known as the activity orientation, this is the measuring of being and doing within in a culture/society. For example, measuring someone’s achievements or defining what makes them valuable. 4
- 5. 5 • The problem of time is never ending, so this is one of the biggest problems cultures face. So how does the culture/society perceive time? Some may always be future-orientated always looking forward while some may be past-orientated focusing on the what has already happened. Humanity vs. Time
- 6. Humanity vs. Self What is human nature? Are all humans inherently good, evil, or neither? Essentially, the cultures way of describing how an individual perceives them self. 6
- 7. Humanity vs. Relationships There are three relationship orientations known as individual, collateral, and linear. Individual is limited meaning the circle of family and friends is very tight, collateral would signify extended family and acquaintances, and lastly linear is the broadest so valuing ancestors and unknown persons. 7