A brief useful information about uterus cancer...

1. UTERUS
CANCER
Done by: Fatimah Raad M.Jamil

2. Objectives:
 Introduction
 To know a brief history of cancer
 To know what is cancer?
 To know what is the uterus?
 To know classification of uterus cancer
 To know epidemiology of uterus cancer in certain places
 To differentiate between main types of uterus cancer
 To know signs, symptoms & risk factors
 To list diagnosis & treatment of uterus cancer
 Summary

3. Introduction:
• Uterine cancer is a disease in which healthy
cells in the uterus change and grow out of
control,forming a mass called a tumor.
• Adenocarcinoma, also called endometrial
cancer, begins in the lining of the uterus and
is the most common type of uterine cancer.
• There are 5 stages for uterine cancer.
• The tumor may also be given a grade, which
indicates how quickly the cancer may grow
or spread.

4. History of cancer:
• Cancer is not a new disease and has
afflicted people throughout the world.
• The word cancer came from a Greek
words karkinos to describe carcinoma
tumors by a physician Hippocrates
(460-370 B.C), but he was not the first
to discover this disease.
• Some of the earliest evidence of human
bone cancer was found in mummies in
ancient Egypt and in ancient
manuscripts dates about 1600 B.C.

5. What is cancer ?
• Is the end product of cells that no
longer follow the usual order of
cell growth division, and death.
• These cells divide uncontrollably,
and grow out of control.
• They travel outside of their usual
places, otherwise known as
metastasis.
• Grow beyond their own borders,
also called invasion.

6. What is uterus?
• The ovaries ,fallopian tubes ,and uterus
makeup a woman's internal FRO and lie deep
in the pelvis where they are connected to one
another.
• The uterus attaches to the vagina at the
cervix and is linked to the ovaries by the
fallopian tubes.
• Uterus responds to hormone levels & lead to
menstruation.
• The uterus is also connected by the fallopian
tubes to the ovaries ,and when an egg is
released from the ovary , it travels via the
fallopian tube into the uterus.
• Embryos grow into babies inside the uterus.

7. Classification according to stages
Stage I: The cancer is found only in the
uterus or womb, and it has not spread to
other parts of the body
Stage II: The tumor has spread from the
uterus to the cervical stroma but not to
other parts of the body
Stage III: The cancer has spread beyond the
uterus,
but it is still only in the pelvic area.
Stage IV: The cancer has metastasized to
the rectum, bladder, and/or distant organs

8. Classification according to grades
• GX: The grade cannot be evaluated.
• G1: The cells are well differentiated.
• G2: The cells are moderately differentiated.
• G3: The cells are poorly differentiated.

9. Epidemiology:
• Endometrial cancer is the fourth most
common cancer among women in the
United States and the most frequently
diagnosed gynecologic malignancy.
• It is estimated that 46,470 American
women will be diagnosed with the disease
in 2011, accounting for 6% of new cancer
cases.(1:39)
• Worldwide, it is anticipated that more than
287,000 women will be diagnosed with
the disease in 2011.

10. Types of uterus cancer:
TypeIIType ITypes
HighLowGrade
Serous or clear
cell
EndometrioidHistology
III or IVI or IIStage at
diagnosis
HER2/neu, p53PTEN, MSI, β-
catenin
Molecular
alterations

11. Risk factors:
Remember OLD AUNT

12. Sign & Symptoms:
1

13. 2
3
4
Pain or difficulty when emptying the
bladder.
Pain during sex.
Pain in the pelvic area.

14. Diagnosis:
•Endometrial biopsy: The removal of
tissue from the endometrium (inner
lining of the uterus) by inserting a
thin, flexible tube through the
cervix and into the uterus.
•Dilatation and curettage: A procedure
to remove samples of tissue from
the inner lining of the uterus. The
cervix is dilated and a curette
(spoon-shaped instrument) is
inserted into the uterus to remove
tissue. The tissue samples are
checked under a microscope for
signs of disease.

15. •Hysteroscopy: A procedure to look inside the uterus for
abnormal areas. A hysteroscope is inserted through the vagina
and cervix into the uterus.
• Transvaginal ultrasound exam: A procedure used to examine
the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and bladder.

16. Treatment:
Types of treatment:
-SURGERY; is the most common treatment for women with
uterine cancer. The surgeon usually removes the uterus,
cervix, and nearby tissues.
-RADIATION THERAPY; is an option for women with all stages
of uterine cancer. It may be used before or after surgery.
-CHEMOTHERAPY; uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
-HORMONE THERAPY; used for women with advanced uterine
cancer. Also, some women with Stage I uterine cancer who
want to get pregnant and have children choose hormone
therapy instead of surgery. The most common drug used for
hormone therapy is progesterone tablets.

17. DURING TREATMENT BE CAREFUL OF:
NUTRITION

18. FOLLOW -UP
CARE

19. Summary:
• Uterine cancer is a disease in which healthy cells in the uterus
change and grow out of control, forming a mass called a
tumor.
• It is classified to stages and grades, as well as there are two
types of endometrial cancer: estrogen dependent (type I) and
estrogen independent (type II).
• The most common symptom of uterine cancer is abnormal
vaginal bleeding.
• Diagnosis of uterus cancer include; endometrial biopsy,
dilatation and curettage and hysteroscopy.
• Treatments for people with uterine cancer are surgery,
• radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy.