Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Risk factors include young age during first sexual intercourse, smoking, multiple sexual partners, and family history. Symptoms may include abnormal bleeding, discharge, and pelvic pain. Diagnosis involves physical exam, pap smear, colposcopy, and biopsy. Treatment options include chemotherapy, laser surgery, LEEP, cryosurgery, hysterectomy, and radiation therapy. Nursing care focuses on education, symptom management, and supporting patients through diagnostic procedures and treatment.

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MEDICAL SURGICAL SEMINAR
CERVICAL
CANCER

2. DEFINITION

3. CAUSE
HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS

4. RISK FACTORS : -
Sex at young age.
Smoking
Multiple sexual
partners.
Depressed immune
system.
Family history.
Long term use of
contraceptives
Pills
Having sex with the
person infected
with HPV

5. TYPES OF CERVICAL CANCER
SQUAMOUS CELL
CARCINOMA
ADENOCARCINOMAS

7. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

8. Abnormal vaginal bleeding

9. Bleeding or pain after sexual
intercourse

10. Bleeding after menopause

11. Heavier and larger menstrual periods

12. Unusual vaginal discharge

13. Discomfort while urinating

14. Pelvic pain

15. Leg pain

16. Weight loss

17. Constant fatigue

18. PHYSICAL SIGNS : -
The cervix bleeds on touch.
It is friable.
It is fixed and lost it mobility.
Induration of cervix.

19. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
HPV infects the basal cells
Virus enters in the basal layer of cervix
Entry of HPV
Sexual activity

20. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Damaged cells continue to multiply
Cells become pre cancerous
Damages the genetic material of the cells

21. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CERVICAL CANCER
Invasion to the near by tissues

22. STAGING OF CERVICAL CANCER

23. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS

24. 1. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

25. 2. PV EXAMINATION

26. 2. PAP SMEAR TEST

29. COLPOSCOPY

31. BIOPSY

32. BIOPSY

33. Other investigations to determine the extent of tumor:
-
1.CT Scan.
2.MRI.
3.Cytogram.
4.Barium X-ray studies.

36. CHEMOTHERAPY

38. LASER SURGERY

39. L.E.E.P

40. CRYOSURGERY

41. HYSTERECTOMY

42. RADIATION THERAPY

43. EXTERNAL PELVIC RADIATION

44. INTERNAL PELVIC RADIATION

45. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Avoidance of early marriages.
Avoid early and frequent intercourse.
Strictly avoid monogamous relationships.
Restriction of number of children.
Improvement of genital hygiene.
Periodically clinical cytological screening.
Good obstetric care.
Avoid smoking
No harm in pregnancies.

46. VACCINATION

47. NURSING MANAGEMENT
Listen to the patient’s fear and concerns
and offer reassurance when appropriate.
encourage patient to use relaxation techniques to promote comfort during
diagnostic procedures.
Monitor the patient’s response to the therapy.
Watch for the complications related to the therapy by listening to and observing the
patient.

48. NURSING MANAGEMENT
Monitor the lab studies and obtain frequent vital signs.
Understand the treatment regimen.
Give adequate fluid and nutritional intake to promote tissue healing.
Explain any surgical procedure or therapeutic procedure to the patient, including
what to expect both before and after the procedure.
Review the possible complications of any procedure to be done.

49. NURSING MANAGEMENT
Remind the patient to watch for and report adverse reactions.
Reassure the patient that this disease and its treatment shouldn’t radically alter
her lifestyle or prohibit sexual intimacy.
DISCHARE TEACHING:-
Explain the importance of follow up to the oncologist.
Perform prescribed abdominal strengthening excercises.
Avoid heavy lifting for about 2 months.
Avoid activities that increase pelvic congestion.
Early ambulation

50. PROGNOSIS