Ovarian cancer forms from abnormal cell growth in one or both ovaries. Most cases are epithelial cell tumors. Symptoms include abdominal bloating and pain. Risk factors include age, family history, and never being pregnant. It is often diagnosed late since symptoms are vague, but earlier detection improves prognosis. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the ovaries and chemotherapy. Nursing care focuses on managing pain, preventing infections and blood clots, and providing education and support.
Endometrial cancer is a type of uterine cancer that starts in the inner lining of the uterus. This lining is called the endometrium.
According to the National Cancer Institute, approximately 3 in 100 women will be diagnosed with uterine cancer at some point in their lives. More than 80 percent of people with uterine cancer survive for five years or longer after receiving the diagnosis.
If you have endometrial cancer, early diagnosis and treatment increases your chances of remission.
cancer of breast , this slide cointains detailed information about the breast cancer that is definition, causes and risk factor, sign and symptoms, management of patient with cancer , giving psychological support .treatment
Endometrial cancer is a type of uterine cancer that starts in the inner lining of the uterus. This lining is called the endometrium.
According to the National Cancer Institute, approximately 3 in 100 women will be diagnosed with uterine cancer at some point in their lives. More than 80 percent of people with uterine cancer survive for five years or longer after receiving the diagnosis.
If you have endometrial cancer, early diagnosis and treatment increases your chances of remission.
cancer of breast , this slide cointains detailed information about the breast cancer that is definition, causes and risk factor, sign and symptoms, management of patient with cancer , giving psychological support .treatment
Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women.
Ovarian cancer is when abnormal cells in the ovary begin to multiply out of control and form a tumor. If left untreated, the tumor can spread to other parts of the body. This is called metastatic ovarian cancer.
The ovaries are two female reproductive glands that produce ova, or eggs. They also produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and stomach. At this late stage, ovarian cancer is more difficult to treat and can be fatal.
Ovarian cancer often has no symptoms in the early stages. Later stages are associated with symptoms, but they can be non-specific, such as loss of appetite and weight loss.
Blood test to measure cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) levels. This is a biomarker that is used to assess treatment response for ovarian cancer and other reproductive organ cancers. However, menstruation, uterine fibroids, and uterine cancer can also affect levels of CA-125 in the blood.
Biopsy. This involves removing a small sample of tissue from the ovary and analyzing the sample under a microscope. A biopsy is the only way your doctor can confirm whether you have ovarian cancer.
Surgery and chemotherapy are generally used to treat ovarian cancer.
Detailed Powerpoint Presentation on Wilms Tumour …. It includes definition with images, causes, sign and symptoms all treatment modalities with nursing responsibilities and recent research related to this...
Modified Sweat gland
Lies in the deep pectoral
fascia
Boundaries:
clavicle superiorly,
the lateral border of the latissimus muscle laterally,
the sternum medially
inframammary fold inferiorly
Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women.
Ovarian cancer is when abnormal cells in the ovary begin to multiply out of control and form a tumor. If left untreated, the tumor can spread to other parts of the body. This is called metastatic ovarian cancer.
The ovaries are two female reproductive glands that produce ova, or eggs. They also produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and stomach. At this late stage, ovarian cancer is more difficult to treat and can be fatal.
Ovarian cancer often has no symptoms in the early stages. Later stages are associated with symptoms, but they can be non-specific, such as loss of appetite and weight loss.
Blood test to measure cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) levels. This is a biomarker that is used to assess treatment response for ovarian cancer and other reproductive organ cancers. However, menstruation, uterine fibroids, and uterine cancer can also affect levels of CA-125 in the blood.
Biopsy. This involves removing a small sample of tissue from the ovary and analyzing the sample under a microscope. A biopsy is the only way your doctor can confirm whether you have ovarian cancer.
Surgery and chemotherapy are generally used to treat ovarian cancer.
Detailed Powerpoint Presentation on Wilms Tumour …. It includes definition with images, causes, sign and symptoms all treatment modalities with nursing responsibilities and recent research related to this...
Modified Sweat gland
Lies in the deep pectoral
fascia
Boundaries:
clavicle superiorly,
the lateral border of the latissimus muscle laterally,
the sternum medially
inframammary fold inferiorly
For information of chronic disease
. very common these days and required early detection and cure.
for education purpose
.this is simplify version of very important but complex topic .
This is only prevented by early detection and cure .
By identifying red flags of disease first we can detect high group .by targeting high risk group we will be able to detect and treat disease with less resources.
Describe the normal anatomy of the breast in female ?
Describe the breast cancer and its different type ,stages and grading ?
List the tumor marker of breast cancer ?
Clinical significance of progesterone and estrogen in breast cancer ?
How the breast cancer spread in different sites ?
Define the paraneoplastic syndrome ?
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
4. Definition:
It’s an abnormal cells that
forms in an ovary.
• Most of these tumors are
benign and never spread
beyond the ovary. It can be
treated by removing the
ovary or the part of the
ovary that contains the
tumor.
• Malignants are potentially
ovarian tumors can spread
(metastasize) to other parts
of the body and can be fatal.
5.
6. Types of ovarian cancer
• The ovaries are made up of 3 main kinds of cells. Each
type of cell can develop into a different type of tumor:
• Epithelial tumors start from the cells that cover the outer
surface of the ovary. Most ovarian tumors are epithelial
cell tumors.
• Germ cell tumors start from the cells that produce the
eggs (ova).
• Stromal tumors start from structural tissue cells that hold
the ovary together and produce the female hormones
estrogen and progesterone.
7. Signs and symptoms:
• abdominal bloating, pressure, and pain
• abnormal fullness after eating
• difficulty eating
• an increased urge to urinate
Other symptoms, such as:
• fatigue
• indigestion
• heartburn
• constipation
• back pain
• menstrual irregularities
• painful intercourse
8. Risk factors:
• Age.
• Inherited gene mutation
• The gene mutations that cause Lynch syndrome, which is
associated with colon cancer, also increase a woman's risk of
ovarian cancer.
• Estrogen hormone replacement therapy, especially with long-
term use and in large doses.
• Age when menstruation started and ended. If you began
menstruating before age 12 or underwent menopause after age
52, or both, your risk of ovarian cancer may be higher.
• Never being pregnant.
• Fertility treatment.
• Smoking.
• Use of an intrauterine device.
9. Epidemiology :
• According to the American Cancer Society, it is the 8th most common
cancer among women in the United States .
• However, it is the 5th most common cause of cancer deaths in
women, ovarian cancer has the highest rate of deaths.
• Each year, more than 22,000 women in the U.S. are diagnosed with
ovarian cancer and around 14,000 will die.
• Tragically, the overall 5-year survival rate is only 46 percent in most
developed countries (it is lower for more advanced stages).
• However, according to the National Cancer Institute, if diagnosis is
made early, before the tumor has spread, the 5 year survival rate is
94 percent.
10. Pathophysiology:
• Ovarian cancer forms when errors in normal ovarian cell
growth occur. Usually, when cells grow old or get
damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. Cancer
starts when new cells form unneeded, and old or
damaged cells do not die as they should. The buildup of
extra cells often forms a mass of tissue called a growth or
tumor.
• Ovarian tumor markers :
• BRCA1, BRCA2, and CDK12
12. Diagnosis:
• It starts with a pelvic examination.
• Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or CT scans, of the
abdomen and pelvis. These tests can help determine the
size, shape and structure of your ovaries.
• Blood test, which can detect a protein (CA 125) found on
the surface of ovarian cancer cells.
• Surgery to remove a tissue sample and abdominal fluid
to confirm a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Minimally
invasive or robotic surgery may be an option. If cancer is
discovered, the surgeon may immediately begin surgery
to remove as much of the cancer as possible.
13. Prevention:
• Factors that decrease risk include hormonal birth control,
tubal ligation, and breast feeding.
• People with strong genetic risk for ovarian cancer may
consider the surgical removal of their ovaries as a
preventative measure.
• This is often done after completion of childbearing years.
This reduces the chances of developing both breast
cancer (by around 50%) and ovarian cancer (by about
96%) in people at high risk.
• However, these statistics may overestimate the risk
reduction because of how they have been studied.
14. Treatment :
• Treatment of ovarian cancer usually involves a combination of surgery
and chemotherapy.
• Surgery
• Treatment generally involves removing both ovaries, the fallopian
tubes, the uterus as well as nearby lymph nodes and a fold of fatty
abdominal tissue (omentum) where ovarian cancer often spreads.
Your surgeon also will remove as much cancer as possible from your
abdomen.
• Less extensive surgery may be possible if your ovarian cancer was
diagnosed at a very early stage. For women with stage I ovarian
cancer, surgery may involve removing one ovary and its fallopian
tube. This procedure may preserve the ability to have children.
• Chemotherapy
• After surgery, you'll likely be treated with chemotherapy to kill any
remaining cancer cells. Chemotherapy drugs can be injected into a
vein or directly into the abdominal cavity or both.
• Chemotherapy may be used as the initial treatment in some women
with advanced ovarian cancer.
15. Management:
• Targeted therapy (biotherapy)
• Radiation therapy
• The choice of treatment depends largely on the type of
cancer and the stage of the disease.
• Other factors that could play a part in choosing the best
treatment plan might include : general state of health,
whether the pt. plan to have children, and other personal
considerations.
16. Staging ovarian cancer
• The cancer's stage helps determine your prognosis and
your treatment options.
• Stages of ovarian cancer include:
• Stage I. Cancer is found in one or both ovaries.
• Stage II. Cancer has spread to other parts of the pelvis.
• Stage III. Cancer has spread to the abdomen.
• Stage IV. Cancer is found outside the abdomen.
17.
18. advanced ovarian
• Advanced ovarian cancer means that the
cancer
• 1- has spread from the ovary to another part
of the body. Stage ( 2 to 4 )as advanced.
• 2- cancer that has come back after treatment
(recurrence).
• Unfortunately ovarian cancer that comes
back after treatment can't usually be cured.
But treatment may control it for many
months or sometimes years.
19. Common areas ovarian cancer may
spread to or spread from
- secondary cancer (metastatic cancer ) , Includes:
• the lining of the abdomen, the bowel and bladder, lymph
nodes, lungs, and liver.
• Cancers that have spread to another part of the body,
such as the lungs.
20. Nurses role :
Nursing Assessment .
• Irregular vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge.
• Increase in abdominal pain and pressure
• Bowel and bladder dysfunction.
• Vulvar itching and burning.
Nursing Diagnosis
• Anxiety related to threat of a malignancy and lack of knowledge about the
disease process, and prognosis..
• Acute pain related to pressure secondary to an enlarging tumor.
• Disturbed body image related to loss of body part and loss of good health.
• Ineffective sexuality pattern related to physiologic limitations and fatigue.
• Grieving related to poor prognosis of advanced disease.
• Imbalance nutrition: Less than body requirements
21. Nursing Interventions
• Teach women the importance of having routine screenings for cancer of the
reproductive system. (pap smear, and pelvic exam)
• Teach women about the risk factors of the reproductive system.
• Teach women about menopause signs and symptoms after bilateral
oophorectomy.
• Teach women about hormone replacement therapy and the side effects.
• Manage client's pain related to chemotherapy .
• Monitor for infection .
• Teach client how to prevent DVTs after surgery, i.e. frequent changes in
positions, leg exercises to promote circulation.
• Provide additional education and help the patient find a support group.
• Explain the need for increased intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Also, a decreased fat intake of <30% of calories.
• Administer anti nausea (antiemetic) medications as needed.
• Assess patient for body image changes as a result of disfiguring treatment.
22. Coping and support
Encourage the pt. to :
• Find someone to talk with. You may feel comfortable
discussing your feelings with a friend or family member, or
you might prefer meeting with a formal support group.
Support groups for the families of cancer survivors also
are available.
• Let people help. Cancer treatments can be exhausting.
Let people know what would be most useful for you.
• Set reasonable goals. Having goals helps you feel in
control and can give you a sense of purpose. But choose
goals that you can reach.
• Take time for yourself. Eating well, relaxing and getting
enough rest can help combat the stress and fatigue of
cancer.