The article seeks to compare traditional assessment procedures such as multiple choice tests with performance or alternative assessments. The descriptive analysis method was used to express the effectiveness of traditional assessment and its advantages, limitations as well. The assessment types and statements by researchers, and controversial questions are analyzed and compared. The article describes some essential issues of using traditional and authentic assessment types. Furthermore, the article suggests some ways and techniques of using other type of assessment that can be effective in the foreign language teaching process. The author concludes that the types of assessment should be selected according to the content of the program and should be content related. Urazbaeva Dilbar Turdibaevna "Using Traditional Assessment in the Foreign Language Teaching: Advantages and Limitations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39858.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/39858/using-traditional-assessment-in-the-foreign-language-teaching-advantages-and-limitations/urazbaeva-dilbar-turdibaevna
CCE- CBSE Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation of studentsBabu Appat
Central Board of Secondary Education introduced CCE- continuous and comprehensive evaluation in order to ensure the all round development- scholastic and co-scholastic areas- of our students. Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation refers to a system of school based assessment that covers all aspects of student’s development. This slides are prepared to enable teachers of various schools learn about it on their own.
Slide prepared by Santosh V. Varghese, Modern School, Dungarpur for creating awarenss among parents regarding CBSE's new educational schmes particularly CCE.
CCE- CBSE Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation of studentsBabu Appat
Central Board of Secondary Education introduced CCE- continuous and comprehensive evaluation in order to ensure the all round development- scholastic and co-scholastic areas- of our students. Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation refers to a system of school based assessment that covers all aspects of student’s development. This slides are prepared to enable teachers of various schools learn about it on their own.
Slide prepared by Santosh V. Varghese, Modern School, Dungarpur for creating awarenss among parents regarding CBSE's new educational schmes particularly CCE.
K to 12 Grading Sheet Deped Order No. 8 S. 2015 PPT presentationChuckry Maunes
Download Link Found Here
https://teachingtools-stuff.blogspot.com/2017/02/k-to-12-grading-sheet-deped-order-no.html
For the Grading Sheet Spreadsheet
http://www.slideshare.net/chuckrymaunes5/k-to-12-grading-sheet-based-on-deped-order-no-8-series-of-2015
The Use of Formative Assessment in Legal EducationExamSoft
Presented by Tommy Sangchompuphen, Associate Dean for Student Learning and Assessment, Lincoln Memorial University, Duncan School of Law
The American Bar Association has taken steps to try to improve the state of the education students receive by implementing new standards and rules for law schools. Under ABA Standard 314, law schools must now be engaged in meaningful assessment of their progress in helping students achieve outcome goals. While the Standards create considerable space for schools to develop their own assessment schemes that fit their program and their mission, each school must use both summative assessments (typically final examinations) and formative assessments, which must be integrated into the school’s program to provide meaningful feedback to improve student learning.
This webinar will examine the different kinds of assessments that a law school can administer using ExamSoft in order to seriously measure its success in meeting the outcomes that it has identified as appropriate to its mission.
This session emphasises continuous and comprehensive evaluation for classes VI to VIII especially for CBSE Schools. It also can be followed by schools affiliated to other boards.
CONTINIOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT IN EDUCATION Shisira Bania
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) refers to a system of school-based evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students development. It is a developmental process of assessment which emphasizes on two fold objectives. These objectives are continuity in evaluation and assessment of broad based learning and behavioral outcomes on the other.
perspective chapter-performance based assessment through IBL.pdfAyshaAlShamsi11
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, students were suddenly required to complete
their assessments online. Higher education (HE) institutions and instructors likewise
were suddenly forced to ensure competency achievement among students online. At
many (HE) institutions, competency-based learning is mandatory. Approaching online
assessment through online competency-based performance assessment is crucial to
achieving institutions’ expectations. Online competency-based performance assessment
is challenging; however, the use of an inquiry-based learning (IBL) allows teachers and
students to involve themselves at a deeper level of instruction through differentiated
activities. The assessment procedure through IBL implies an alternative view of instructors when designing their assessment, learning, and achievement of the learning objectives. The proposed conceptual framework involves a combination of competency-based
learning principles, performance assessment, and IBL. In the initial stage, it is proposed
to design differentiated IBL activities following the task description, considering the
required competencies to be achieved. The final stage is tackling it as an assessment
framework that focuses on performance for final summative purposes.
K to 12 Grading Sheet Deped Order No. 8 S. 2015 PPT presentationChuckry Maunes
Download Link Found Here
https://teachingtools-stuff.blogspot.com/2017/02/k-to-12-grading-sheet-deped-order-no.html
For the Grading Sheet Spreadsheet
http://www.slideshare.net/chuckrymaunes5/k-to-12-grading-sheet-based-on-deped-order-no-8-series-of-2015
The Use of Formative Assessment in Legal EducationExamSoft
Presented by Tommy Sangchompuphen, Associate Dean for Student Learning and Assessment, Lincoln Memorial University, Duncan School of Law
The American Bar Association has taken steps to try to improve the state of the education students receive by implementing new standards and rules for law schools. Under ABA Standard 314, law schools must now be engaged in meaningful assessment of their progress in helping students achieve outcome goals. While the Standards create considerable space for schools to develop their own assessment schemes that fit their program and their mission, each school must use both summative assessments (typically final examinations) and formative assessments, which must be integrated into the school’s program to provide meaningful feedback to improve student learning.
This webinar will examine the different kinds of assessments that a law school can administer using ExamSoft in order to seriously measure its success in meeting the outcomes that it has identified as appropriate to its mission.
This session emphasises continuous and comprehensive evaluation for classes VI to VIII especially for CBSE Schools. It also can be followed by schools affiliated to other boards.
CONTINIOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT IN EDUCATION Shisira Bania
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) refers to a system of school-based evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students development. It is a developmental process of assessment which emphasizes on two fold objectives. These objectives are continuity in evaluation and assessment of broad based learning and behavioral outcomes on the other.
perspective chapter-performance based assessment through IBL.pdfAyshaAlShamsi11
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, students were suddenly required to complete
their assessments online. Higher education (HE) institutions and instructors likewise
were suddenly forced to ensure competency achievement among students online. At
many (HE) institutions, competency-based learning is mandatory. Approaching online
assessment through online competency-based performance assessment is crucial to
achieving institutions’ expectations. Online competency-based performance assessment
is challenging; however, the use of an inquiry-based learning (IBL) allows teachers and
students to involve themselves at a deeper level of instruction through differentiated
activities. The assessment procedure through IBL implies an alternative view of instructors when designing their assessment, learning, and achievement of the learning objectives. The proposed conceptual framework involves a combination of competency-based
learning principles, performance assessment, and IBL. In the initial stage, it is proposed
to design differentiated IBL activities following the task description, considering the
required competencies to be achieved. The final stage is tackling it as an assessment
framework that focuses on performance for final summative purposes.
The term Assessment and Verification is an integral part of the student
achievement and considered as a fundamental function of higher education.
Assessment and verification confirm and assures the academic integrity and
standard which has a vital impact on student behaviour, colleagues’
involvements, the university reputation and finally the student’s future lives.
The research aimed to explore various academic and industry-based
literatures to analyse the importance of assessment and verification and to
identify areas to ensure reliability in assessment by testing skills and
knowledge. The research used experimental research methods (primarily
reflection) using literary forms to analyse the theory with the reinforcement
of the practice from the university experiences. It also has collected data
using semi-structured interview from mutually agreed department colleagues
from five different higher educational institutes consists of three universities
and two alternative providers based in London, United Kingdom. The result
showed that assessment in higher educational institutes have not kept pace
with the changes and no longer justify the outcomes we expect from a
university education in relation to wide-ranging knowledge, skills, and
employability. The research findings enable the educators to help create and
implement an inclusive teaching and learning environment to improve the
learner’s expectation and academic performance.
Determinants of Lecturers Assessment Practice in Higher Education in Somaliaijejournal
This research investigated the determinants of lecturers' assessment practices in higher education institutions in Mogadishu, Somalia. The factors that determined the lecturer’s assessment practice were design, interpretation, application, and administration mechanisms. A quantitative research design was conducted. The questionnaire was used, Cronbach's alpha value is.917. This shows that the scale's internal consistency and reliability for this sample are quite excellent. r =.636, P = 0.000,.05., the findings revealed a significant, favorable, and robust relationship between design and lecturers' assessment practices. Also, the correlation table shows a good connection between assessment, interpretation, application, and lecturers' assessment practice. (Explained) (r =.575, p = 0.000,.05) (R =.516, p =.000, 0.05) there is a strong positive relationship between assessment design, interpretation, and application to lecturers’ assessment practice. I recommend that the administration of public and private higher education institutions focus on in-service training on how to upgrade the skills of lecturers toward assessment practice.
Cosmetics are defined as “items with mild action on the human body for the purpose of cleaning, beautifying, adding to the attractiveness, altering the appearance, or keeping or promoting the skin or hair in good condition- while functional cosmetics, even if falling under the cosmetic definition, are designated as “items fulfilling specific actions like skin whitening, minimizing the appearance of lines in the face and body, protecting from the sun and sun tanning-. Ahiya Noor | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Cosmetic Science: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45135.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45135/cosmetic-science-an-overview/ahiya-noor
Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis ProceraYogeshIJTSRD
Plants growing in arid regions have elicited increased attention, because the hostile environment, in which these plants survive, forces them to develop chemical protective systems through adaptation which is rarely found in vegetation of other ecosystems. Furthermore, many of the plants grow in areas, where the dependence on traditional, plant based medicines over industrially produced pharmaceuticals persists to this day. The two plants, Calotopris Procera giant milkweed, also named C. Persica and Calotropis gigantea crown ower , have been used widely in traditional medicine in North Africa, the Middle East, and South and South East Asia. This has led to extensive research on the chemical constituents of the plants. Both plants are known to be sources of cardenolides, and newer research has yielded a number of interesting cancer active constituents. In addition, extracts of both plants have remarkable nematocidal, molluscidal and insecticidal activities. In many regions, the wood of Calotropis plants has been used as a building material and as a source of fuel. In addition, certain parts of the plants have been used as feed for livestock. In other regions, Calotropis plants are seen as invasive species that threaten local plant life and that due to their toxicity also pose a threat to grazing eld animals. Jaffar Khan | Pankaj Chasta | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis Procera" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45145.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45145/standardization-and-formulations-of-calotropis-procera/jaffar-khan
Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ParalysisYogeshIJTSRD
Paralysis is a complete loss of motor power in any muscle group. When paralysis affects all four extremities, it is called quadriplegia when it affects only the lower extremities, paraplegia and when it affects the extremities on one side of the body, hemiplegic. For this reason, the term paralysis is generally reserved for more focal, less stereotyped weakness, for instance, affecting all the muscles innervated by a peripheral nerve. Many different anatomical lesions and etiologies can cause paralysis and determine its treatment. Bikash Debsingha | Dr. Gourav Kr. Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/45108/review-of-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-paralysis/bikash-debsingha
Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods A...YogeshIJTSRD
Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere which results in cooling of the remainder water. The current research reviews various studies conducted on cooling tower using experimental and numerical techniques. Different design configuration and operating conditions on cooling towers are evaluated by various researchers. Significant findings from researches have shown new and improved design of cooling tower with much better performance as compared to conventional design. Neetish Kumar Sao | Dr. Surendra K. Dwivedi "Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45100/comparative-analysis-of-forced-draft-cooling-tower-using-two-design-methods-a-review/neetish-kumar-sao
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This research study is geared on determining the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators. Included on the aim is to know their experiences and story being considered as teacher by accident. A qualitative research design was applied in this study. Researchers conducted a personal interview with the respondents with the aid of a guide questions which all points to main issue of this study. The findings of the study revealed that out of seven respondents, four are on the age bracket of 21 to 25 years old, two respondents are on the age bracket of 26 to 30 years old and a single respondent is on the age bracket of 36 to 40 years. Most of the respondents find enthusiasm in teaching and are aware that there is a need for them to proceed in post graduate studies for them to have a considerable salary. As to financial stability, only 1out of 7 considers herself as financially stable. The rest are saying that as of the moment, they are not yet financially stable basing on the rate of their salary. Qualification matters a lot in the field of academe because this was being shared by one of the respondents who considers herself as financially stable. Also, all of the respondents do not consider teaching as their first career of choice but most of them does not have any plan of shifting to another career. Girlie N. Cañete | Harry Santiago P. Achas | Pamela N. Cañete "Criminology Educators: Triumphs and Struggles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45082.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/45082/criminology-educators-triumphs-and-struggles/girlie-n-cañete
A Review Herbal Drugs Used in Skin DisorderYogeshIJTSRD
The human bodys skin is an organ that allows it to interact with the environment while also shielding it from harmful external influences. People of all ages suffer from skin diseases all over the world. Its vital to keep your skin in good form for a healthy physique. Plants have been employed in some form or another since the beginning of time. This research has highlighted some prevalent skin disease issues, as well as the herbals utilized in disease therapy and the various formulations accessible in the pharmaceutical industry. Some medicinal plants have been shown to be quite effective in removing or reducing skin infection disorders. Chandramita Borah | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "A Review: Herbal Drugs Used in Skin Disorder" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45118.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45118/a-review-herbal-drugs-used-in-skin-disorder/chandramita-borah
Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectiv...YogeshIJTSRD
The aim of information retrieval systems is to retrieve relevant information according to the query provided. The queries are often vague and uncertain. Thus, to improve the system, we propose an Automatic Query Expansion technique, to expand the query by adding new terms to the user s initial query so as to minimize query mismatch and thereby improving retrieval performance. Most of the existing techniques for expanding queries do not take into account the degree of semantic relationship among words. In this paper, the query is expanded by exploring terms which are semantically similar to the initial query terms as well as considering the degree of relationship, that is, “fuzzy membership- between them. The terms which seemed most relevant are used in expanded query and improve the information retrieval process. The experiments conducted on the queries set show that the proposed Automatic query expansion approach gave a higher precision, recall, and F measure then non fuzzy edge weights. Tarun Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectivity Measures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45074.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/45074/automatic-query-expansion-using-word-embedding-based-on-fuzzy-graph-connectivity-measures/tarun-goyal
A New Proposal for Smartphone Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System f...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper proposes a Smartphone based system for the detection of drowsiness in automotive drivers. The proposed system uses three stage drowsiness detection technique. The first stage uses the percentage of eyelid closure PERCLOS which is obtained by capturing images with the front camera of the Smartphone with a modified eye state classification method. The system uses near infrared lighting for illuminating the face of the driver during night driving. The second step uses the voiced to the unvoiced ratio VUR obtained from the speech data from the microphone, in the event PERCLOS crosses the threshold. The VUR is also compared with a threshold and if it is a value greater than that of the threshold, it moves on to the next verification stage. In the final verification stage, touch response is required within the stipulated time to declare whether the driver is drowsy or not and subsequently sound an alarm. To awake the driver, a vibrating mechanism is done and also the live GPS location is also sent to an emergency contact. We have studied eight other reference papers for the literature review. The system has three advantages over existing drowsiness detection systems. First, the three stage verification process makes the system more reliable. The second advantage is its implementation on an Android smart phone, which is readily available to most drivers or cab owners as compared to other general purpose embedded platforms. The third advantage is the use of SMS service to inform the control room as well as the passenger regarding the loss of attention of the driver. Abishek K Biju | Godwin Jolly | Asif Mohammed C A | Dr. Paul P Mathai | Derek Joseph "A New Proposal for Smartphone-Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System for Automotive Drivers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/45083/a-new-proposal-for-smartphonebased-drowsiness-detection-and-warning-system-for-automotive-drivers/abishek-k-biju
Data Security by AES Advanced Encryption StandardYogeshIJTSRD
Now a days with the rapid development of multimedia technologies, research on safety and security are becoming more important. Multimedia data are generated and transmitted through the communication channels and the wireless media. The efficiencies of encryption based on different existing algorithms are not up to the satisfactory limit. Hence researchers are trying to modify the existing algorithm or even develop new algorithms that help to increase security with a little encryption time. Here in this paper, we have furnished a new technology to modify the AES algorithm which gives more security with a little encryption time and which can be used to encrypt using 128 bit key. Theoretical analysis on the proposed algorithm with the existing reveals the novelty of our work. Here we have proposed a technique to randomize the key and hidden the key data into an encrypted digital image using the basics concept of cryptography and also using the concept of digital watermarking, the concept of key hide has also been encrypted. We have also proposed a new technique to reposition the pixels to break the correlation between them. So, the proposed scheme offers a more secure and cost effective mechanism for encryption. Next on the AES criteria list good performance. Widespread market adoption will require reasonably good performance on a variety of platforms, ranging from easy tocrack smart cards to the largest servers. Good algorithm performance includes speed for the encryption and decryption process as well as the key schedule. Prateek Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Data Security by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45073.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/45073/data-security-by-aes-advanced-encryption-standard/prateek-goyal
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus NiruriYogeshIJTSRD
Theorigin of Phyllanthus niruri is tropical America from there it spread as a weed to other tropic and sub tropics. It is a tropical annual herb shrub which grows as weed in moist humid waste land. Phyllanthus niruri is among more than 500 Phyllanthus species that are widely spread in temperate and tropical climates region Lizuka et al., 2007. It grows 30 40 cm in height, has small leaves and yellow flowers the stem has green capsule, and blooms with flowers with 5 white sepals and apical acute anther.38g of Mueller Hinton Agar was dissolved in 1000ml distilled water in a conical flask, the mouth of the conical flask was plugged with cotton woo wrapped in aluminium foil. This was sterilized in an autoclave at 121oC for 15mns. The media was removed and allowed to cool to 45oC, later poured into a sterilized plastic petri plates which were appropriately labeled. The present study revealed the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus niruri. The antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri shows great significant against pathogens which are responsible for common infections of skin, respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The phytochemical screening of oxalate, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids were all found to be active within the plant. This bioactive phytochemicals present in P. niruri can be useful for further researches on the plant P. nururi since the phytochemicals have shown preclinical efficacies for treating human diseases’ which include hepatitis and HIV AIDS. This work has compiled the chemical constituents present and can be useful for further researches Dr. Mohammed Musa Lawan | Yusuf Sale Baba "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus Niruri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44948.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/44948/antimicrobial-and-phytochemical-screening-of-phyllantus-niruri/dr-mohammed-musa-lawan
There is a need for temperature drop in a buried pipeline based on the media and process. Need of some methodology and design requirement for a set of conditions by reducing pipeline surface temperature and the temperature drops to atmospheric temperature at a particular distance of pipeline. Based on the conduction principle, desire reduction up to atmospheric temperature can be possible. Let us understand by below methods and design of Heat sink for buried pipe line. Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Heat Sink for Underground Pipe Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45117.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45117/heat-sink-for-underground-pipe-line/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber Optic Cable CoreYogeshIJTSRD
Fiber optic cables have single core and multiple core options, but single and multiple core fiber cable -˜s core design need to be updated. Newly proposed design gives facilities to multiple usage than traditional design of cable core. Cable core design needs improvement by using present technology for decreasing material and cost and by improving efficiency of cable. Research need to be carried out in this direction. What do you think Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber-Optic Cable Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45116/newly-proposed-multi-channel-fiberoptic-cable-core/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and PoliceYogeshIJTSRD
The need to understand and at the same time give prescriptions for the direction of security reform in Third world countries after the end of World War II has prompted the emergence of a big project called the study of security reform SSR . Within this framework emerge various theories and strategies for security reform, with various variations, including ideological variations that underlie these theories. The reform of the structural aspect is a reform of the institutional and structure of an institution, the instrumental reform includes the reform of the system, laws and regulations, while the reform of the cultural aspect is a reform of the habits or organizational culture in institutions in general and in particular the Timor Leste’s security institutions, both military and police. Arquimino Ramos "Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and Police" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45061.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45061/security-sector-reform-toward-professionalism-of-military-and-police/arquimino-ramos
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Novel Drug Delivery System An OverviewYogeshIJTSRD
In present scenario evolution of an existing drug molecule from a old form to a novel delivery system can significantly improve its performance in terms of patient compliance, safety and efficacy. In the form of a control drug delivery system an existing drug molecule can get a new life. An appropriately designed Novel Drug Delivery System can be a major advance for solving the problems related towards the release of the drug at specific site with specific rate. The porpuse for delivering drugs to patients efficiently and with fewer side effects has prompted pharmaceutical companies to engage in the development of new drug delivery system. This article covers the basic information regarding Novel Drug Delivery Systems and also advantages, factor etc. Chiranjit Barman | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Novel Drug Delivery System: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/45068/novel-drug-delivery-system-an-overview/chiranjit-barman
With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initi...YogeshIJTSRD
A mathematical equation which involves a function and its derivatives is called a differential equation. We consider a real life situation, from this form a mathematical model, solve that model using some mathematical concepts and take interpretation of solution. It is a well known and popular concept in mathematics because of its massive application in real world problems. Differential equations are one of the most important mathematical tools used in modeling problems in Physics, Biology, Economics, Chemistry, Engineering and medical Sciences. Differential equation can describe many situations viz exponential growth and de cay, the population growth of species, the change in investment return over time. We can solve differential equations using classical as well as numerical methods, In this paper we compare numerical methods of solving initial valued first order ordinary differential equations namely Euler method, Improved Euler method, Runge Kutta method and their accuracy level. We use here Scilab Software to obtain direct solution for these methods. Vibahvari Tukaram Dhokrat "Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initial Value Problems in First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/45066/comparative-analysis-of-different-numerical-methods-for-the-solution-of-initial-value-problems-in-first-order-ordinary-differential-equations/vibahvari-tukaram-dhokrat
Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing ContentYogeshIJTSRD
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today’s asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. Considering this a lot of work has been done on use of additives in bituminous mixtures and as well as on modification of bitumen. Research has indicated that the addition of polymers to asphalt binders helps to increase the interfacial cohesiveness of the bond between the aggregate and the binder which can enhance many properties of the asphalt pavements to help meet these increased demands. However, the additive that is to be used for modification of mix or binder should satisfy both the strength requirements as well as economical aspects. Naveen Kumar | Ms. Shivani "Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing Content" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45089/evaluation-of-different-paving-mixes-using-optimum-stabilizing-content/naveen-kumar
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD39858 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 462
organizations because they are economical, objective and
easily scored [2]. True/false items demand studentstothink
and find out which of two (3 or 4) potential responses is
true. These items are usually easy to score and administer.
However, Simonson states that guessing may increase the
chance of success by 50% [13]. In short-answer test, items
are written either as a direct question requiring the learner
to fill in a word or phrase or as statements in which a space
has been left blank for a brief written answer [13, 270].Also,
essays are effective assessment tools as the questions are
flexible and assess the higher order learningskills.However,
they are not very practical due to the fact that it is very
difficult and time consuming to score the essays or written
assignments. Moreover, subjectivity might be an issue in
scoring [13].
METHODOLOGY
Elliott distinguishes two major concepts that describe
assessment: 1) Performance assessment that is a student’s
active generation of a response, and it can be observable
either directly or indirectly via a permanent product; 2)
Authentic assessment that is the nature of the task and
context in which the assessment occurs is relevant and
represents problems or issues that are true to life or real life
situations [6]. Forms of essay tests come in the form of
performance-based assessment but there are other
assignments such as experiments in science, writing
speeches, editing letter, conducting surveys. From Bailey’s
point of view, traditional assessments are mostly
standardized [2]. LawandEckesnotethatmoststandardized
tests assess only the lower-order thinking skills of the
learner [7].
For this reason, Simonson argued that traditional
assessment mostly focus on learner’sabilityofrecall thatare
lower level of cognitive skills [13]. Moreover, Brualdi made
some additions that traditional assessment tools require
learners to display their knowledge in a predetermined way
[3, 1-19]. Traditional assessments are classroom based and
often assess higher order thinking skills of the learners [8].
Therefore, students who are learning the foreign language
can have the opportunity to demonstrate what they learned
in hands-on activities that they are engaged. Bailey saysthat
traditional assessments are indirect and inauthentic [2].
Also, he adds that traditional assessment is mostly speed-
based, and norm-referenced. In addition to Bailey’s opinion,
Law and Eckes state that traditional assessments are single-
occasion tests as they measure what learners can do at a
particular time [7].
However, test scores may not show the progress the learner
is making. As a result, they cannot tell what challenges the
students faced during the test. Bailey also mentions that in
traditional assessment there is not a feedback provided to
learners [2]. However, in performance assessmentfeedback
will be provided to learners and are mostlygroup-basedand
contextualized. Winking says that this is clear as the
progress and growth of the student is known, and as a result
the instructors get to have a comprehensive view of student
learning [15]. Also, according to Niguidila, unlike traditional
assessments which focusesonstudents’scores,performance
assessments look at students’ product that could provide
teachers with insight regarding learners’ knowledge and
abilities [9].
When it comes to alternative assessments, foreign language
teachers can identify what is important in their teaching
process and select assessment strategies suitable for the
characteristics of the learners. Organizing principles of
assessment develops the planning of assessment of the
foreign language. Thus, the following issues should be taken
into account by the language teacher especially in the
planning of teaching foreign languages regarding the
assessment: a) Instruction andassessmentshouldberelated
to one another; b) All kinds of assessments should be
meaningful in using the foreign language; c) Assessment
should have a primary place in teaching; d) Assessment
principles should be put into consideration in order to
develop teaching materials by the teachers for the students
to use; e) Harmful factors that affect language learners such
as anxiety should be the on the focus of attention by the
teacher.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As Law and Ecke mention that alternative assessments can
be laborious in terms of time and energy spent by the
teacher [7]. Diversity of materials in portfolios that are
viewed as one of the most important strengths might cause
problems for the teachers in terms of practicality [2]. They
might be difficult to score and time consuming to evaluate
the learner’s performance [13]. In addition to this, Reeves
claims that unlike multiple choice tests that are practical to
score, performance assessments can be considered quite
time consuming especially in grading students’ knowledge
[11, 100-112].
The traditional forms of assessment can be calculated using
machine, the alternative formofassessmentreliesonhuman
judgment, and especially it depends on the teacher’s
evaluation and analysis. Thus, it can be assumed that
traditional assessments have no positive characteristics at
all. However, there are merits of traditional tests just like
alternative tests. Traditional assessmentstrategiesare more
objective, reliable and valid. For instance, standardizedtests
and other types of multiple choice tests can be real samples
[7].
On the other hand, alternative assessments can carry some
concerns in terms of subjectivity, reliability and validity.
Bailey agrees with Law and Ecke’s assertion about the
reliability issues in alternative assessment and questions its
validity [2]. Bailey claims that the wide variety of student
products might cause reliability problems presuming
portfolio assessment as an example. However, Simonson
notes that proponents of alternative assessment
(performance assessment) suggest that the content validity
of authentic tasks is ensured because there is a direct link
between the expected behaviour and the ultimate goal of
skill/learning transfer [13, 275]. It should be taken into
account that regardless of the advantages and the
disadvantage of each form of assessment procedure, the
purpose of the assessment should be paramountinmakinga
decision to use one form and not the other forms.
In some subjects knowledge and skills to be assessed only
requires the use of traditional assessment procedures,
others require the use of alternative assessment procedures
like portfolio and task performance. In higher education
institutions, for example, portfolio and performance
assessments are emphasized more than traditional
assessment especially in the foreign language teaching. It
should be mentioned that it is essential for traditional
assessment procedures to be used to assess whether
learners can remember facts and knowledge learnt before
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD39858 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 463
alternative assessment is used. However, we presume that
traditional assessment could not be disregarded for several
of reasons in the following: increasing enrollment of
students across all the levels of education, inadequate
teachers, insufficient teaching materials,not enoughtime for
teaching and learning, among others are some of the great
challenges to the use of alternative assessment. For this
reason, it is important for language teachers to employ the
form of assessment procedure (whether traditional or
alternative) that are effective to achieve the learning
objectives.
Thus, the significance of assessment intheprocessofforeign
language teaching has been known recently. Assessment is
vitally important for the language learners to acquire the
target language since it plays a crucial role in the process of
foreign language learning.
CONCLUSION
Thus, after analyzing some opinions stated by the scientists
and methodologists, we can conclude that assessment and
evaluation are the main parts of teaching and learning
activities. They have close definitions and they are mostly
used in different ways. However, they may differ from each
other to some extent. Assessment consists of methods and
techniques used to gather information about student skills,
knowledge understanding and motivation [1, 19-20].
Evaluation is the activity of collectingimportantinformation
to determine if a curriculum program reaches its goals. It
aims to discover which methods work and which are not
helpful in the teaching process. As we can see from these
definitions, assessment is the method, and evaluation is the
process. Also, it can be inferred from this that one can apply
assessment methods in the evaluation process. Taras states
that assessment is accepted as one of the very crucial parts
of teaching, by this means, educators will be able to
determine the level of skills or knowledge of their students
[14]. Wojtczak, argues that it helps teachers evaluate the
strengths and weakness of their students and to encourage
them [16]. At the same time, assessments also provide
teachers with useful feedback about student learning
acquisition [14, 466-478].
In the foreign language teaching and learning assessments
are performed for a variety of reasons. Firstly,itrevealshow
many students have achieved their learning objectives in a
foreign language, who has any difficulties or problems with
their learning, and which techniques are useful in teachinga
foreign language. Secondly, the language teacher can decide
whether or not to continue the foreign language teaching
program or the course. Testingassessmentsmight behelpful
for both teachers and students with information about the
level of knowledge, skills, difficulties in foreign language
learning, and identify what kind of materials, activities and
methods are the most effective. Testing as a means of
evaluation of student activities can be used to get clear
criterion.
References
[1] Allan, D. Testing and Assessment. English Teaching
Professional, 11. 1999. pp. 19-20.
[2] Bailey, K. M. Learning about language assessment:
dilemmas, decisions, and directions. New York, NY:
Heinle & Heinle Pub. 1998.
[3] Brualdi, A. Implementing performance assessmentin
the classroom. Practical Assessment, Research &
Evaluation, 6(2). 1998. pp. 1-20.
[4] Cowie, B., Bell, B. A Model of FormativeAssessmentin
Science Education. Assessment in Education:
Principles, Policy & Practice, 6(1). 1999. pp. 101-116.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09695949993026.
[5] Dietel, R. J., Herman, J. L., Knuth, R. A. What does
research say about assessment? NCREL, Oak Brook.
1991. Retrieved from http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs on
March 1, 2017.
[6] Elliott, S. N. Creating meaningful performance
assessments. 1995. Retrieved form
http://www.Ericdigest/edrs.com on February, 25,
2017.
[7] Law, B., Eckes, M. Assessment and ESL. Manitoba,
Canada: Peguis Publishers. 1995.
[8] Nitko, J. A. Educational assessment of students. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2001.
[9] Niguidula, D. The digital portfolio: a richer picture of
student performance. 1993. Retrieved from
http://www.essentialschools.org/cs/resourcesfrom
February 28, 2017.
[10] Oloruntegbe, K. O., Omoifo, C. N. Assessing process
skills in STM education: Going beyond paper and
pencil tests. Educational Thought, 1(1). 2000. pp. 35-
44.
[11] Reeves, T. C. Alternative assessment approaches for
online learning environments in higher education.
Educational ComputingResearch,3(1).2000.pp.100-
112.
[12] Sarsenbaeva, Z. J., Utebaev, T. T. Role of phraseology
in developing communicative competence. EPRA
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
(IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal Volume: 6 | Issue: 9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra5111.
[13] Simonson, M., Smaldino, S., Albright, M., Zvacek, S.
Teaching and learning at a distance: Foundations of
distance education (11th ed. ). Upper Saddle River,NJ:
Prentice-Hall. 2000.
[14] Taras, M. Assessment-Summative and Formative-
Some Theoretical Reflections. British Journal of
Educational Studies, 53(4). 2005. pp. 466-478.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8527.2005.00307.x
[15] Winking, D. Critical issue: Ensuring equity with
alternative assessments. Oak Brook: IL Publication.
1997.
[16] Wojtczak, A. Medical Education Terminology. Medical
Teacher, 24(4). 2002. pp. 357-359.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590220145699.