The document discusses the use of rootstocks in fruit crops and their effects on scion cultivars, including influencing traits like growth habit, flowering, yield, and disease resistance. Several rootstocks commonly used for tropical and subtropical fruits are described, such as Rangpur lime for citrus, Pusa Srijan for guava, and Rayan or Khirni for sapota. Factors that influence the success of grafting or budding are also covered.

1. Production technology for fruit and plantation crops-
HT-244 (2+1)
PRESENTED BY:
RAKESH KUMAR PATTNAIK
Asst. Prof. Horticulture
MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Dt- 20-04-20
LECTURE 2. USE OF ROOTSTOCK IN FRUIT CROPS

2. LECTURE 2. USE OF ROOTSTOCK IN FRUIT CROPS
Inspect of rootstock in the performance of a scion cultivator or vice versa is known as
stock scion relationships.
A) Effect of Stock on Scion Cultivar:
1. Size and Growth Habit: scion is grafted on dwarf rootstock = dwarf. (eg. Mango –olour, guava- Psidium
pumilum).
2. Precocity in Flowering and Fruiting: (e.g. Mandarin-Jamberi more precocity than sweet orange or sour
orange.)
3. Fruit Set and Yield: Persimmon (When it is grafted on D. Lotus, It produce more flowers but few only
mature but when D. Kakii is used as the rootstock, the set is more).

3. 4. Fruit Size and Quality: Sathgudi sweet oranges grafted on gajanimma rootstock produced large but
poor quality fruit, while on its own roots they produced fruit with high juice content and quality.
5. Nutrient Status of Scion: Sathgudi sweet oranges trees have a better nutrient in the leaves when on
it’s budded on C. volkarminriana rootstock than on its own rootstock or Cleopatra mandarin stocks.
6. Winter Hardiness: Young grape fruit tree on Rangpur lime withstand winter injury better than on
rough lemon or sour orange
7. Diseases Resistance: rough lemon rootstock is tolerate to tristeza, xyloporosis . guava varieties grafted
on chinse Guava, resist wilt diseases and nematodes.

4. B) Effect of Scion on Root Stock:
1. Effect on Root System of Stock: if apple seedling were budded with the “Red
Astrochan “apple the rootstock produced a very fibrous root system
2. Cold Hardiness of the Rootstock: Sour orange seedling budded to ‘Eureka ‘lemon
suffered much more from winter injury than the unbudded seedlings.
3. Age of Root Stock Seedling:

5. I) Incompatibility:
II) Kind of Plant:
III) Environmental Factor During and Following Grafting:
 Temperature
 Relative humidity
 Presence of high Oxygen
IV. Growth Activity of Stock Plants:
V. Propagation Techniques:
FACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR SUCCESS OF GRAFING OR BUDDING

6. Rootstock for Tropical and Sub-tropical Fruits
1. MANGO:
Most of the Indian varieties are monoembryonic but some varieties from South India are
polyembryonic, namely, Olour, Bappakai, Muvandan, Chandrakaran, Mylepelian, Kitchner, Nekkare, Prior,
Vellaikulumban
2. CITRUS:
 Rangpur lime is the most promising for mandarin and sweet orange in central and south India (Singh et
al., 1997).
 In Punjab, Jatti Khatti (C. jambhiri) and Rangpur lime for kinnow, Rangpur lime and Cleopatra mandarin
for Blood Red and Jatti Khatti and Cleoptra Mandarin for Jaffa have shown promise ( Dhatt and Singh,
1993).
 Feronia limonia proved to be highly dwarfing and precocious and suitable for high density planting.

7. ROOTSTOCK CHARACTERISTICS
Rough lemon Large tree, high yield, deep rooted, susceptible to blight, tristeza tolerant,
suitable for oranges and grape fruit; Fruit: Large, low quality
Trifoliate orange Small tree, high yield, resistant to footrot, tristeza; suitable for
mandarins; Fruit: Good quality.
Troyer Citrange Standard tree, high yield, tolerant to foot rot, tristeza, suitable for
oranges, grape fruit, lemons; Fruit: Large, good quality
Carrizo Citrange Standard tree, high yield, tolerant to foot rot, tristeza, suitable for
oranges, grape fruit, lemons, nematode resistant; Fruit: Large, good
quality
Rangpur lime Large tree, high yield, foot rot susceptible and suitable for orange, grape
fruit; Fruit medium quality
Cleopatra
mandarin
Large tree, slow growth, suitable for tangelos orange and grape fruit
Fruit small with high quality
Commonly used citrus rootstocks

8. 3. Guava
Pusa Srijan (aneuploid 82)
4. Grape
The important rootstocks for grape viz., Dog Ridge, 110-R, Salt creek, Temple, St. George, Ripario & Gloria
 Resistance of Rootstocks to Phylloxera: 'Riparia Gloire', and 'St. George.
 Resistance of Rootstocks to Root Nematodes: 'Barnes' (V champini), 'Joly' ( V champini), 'Monticola x Rupestris
'Ramsey' (V rupestris x V candicans), `Riparia x berlandieri 161-49', and 'Rupestris St. George'. Some other
rootstocks considered to be resistant to nematodes are 'Ramsey', 'Dog Ridge', 'Harmony', '1613 C' and 'SO4'.
 Tolerance of Rootstocks to Salinity: 'Sultana' , the best performing rootstocks were 'Ramsey', '1103P' and 'R2',
which could impart most vigour to the scions.
 Tolerance of Rootstocks to Drought: Rootstocks from V berlandieri x V rupestris were considered to be drought
tolerant. Drought resistant rootstocks '11OR', '140Ru' and '1103P'

9. 4. Sapota
The most commonly used rootstock for sapota is Rayan or Khirni
( Mimusops hexandra).
4. Other Minor fruit crops:
 In ber, Zizyphus nummularia (dwarfing due to inverted bottle neck at graft union) and Zizyphus
rotundifolia ,
 Bael - Aegle fraeglegaboensis,
 In Fig, Ficus glomerata- a nematode resistant rootstock,
 In custard apple, Annona glabra which is suitable for various soil condition,
 Jamun, Syzigium fruticosum (termite resistent) and Syzigium densiflora,
 In Olive, Olea huspidata can be used as a potential rootstocks.