1) Slag concretes developed strength more slowly than OPC concretes at early ages but performed similarly to OPC concrete after 28 days. A hyperbolic model can accurately describe the strength development over time when accounting for curing temperature effects.
2) The addition of blast furnace slag to expansive soils reduces swelling, plasticity, and clay content which mitigates heave.
3) Blast furnace slag can be used as an alternative binder to cement in road construction applications due to its slow setting properties, improving workability during application and long-term strength development.
High volume fly ash concrete is a concrete where a replacement of about 35% or more of cement is made with the usage of fly ash.
Fly ash concrete is an eco-friendly construction material in which fly ash replaces a part of Portland cement.
why we use fly ash in concrete , production of fly ash, how it improve the fresh and harden properties of concrete
how it react when mix with concrete.
High volume fly ash concrete is a concrete where a replacement of about 35% or more of cement is made with the usage of fly ash.
Fly ash concrete is an eco-friendly construction material in which fly ash replaces a part of Portland cement.
why we use fly ash in concrete , production of fly ash, how it improve the fresh and harden properties of concrete
how it react when mix with concrete.
This presentation gives an overview on different types of acid attacks on concrete. Mechanism of each attack is discussed with few case studies. Hope it is useful
Admixtures are added in concrete to improve the quality of concrete.
Fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), Metakaolin (MK), and rice husk ash (RHA)
Possess certain characteristics through which they influence the properties of concrete differently.
Effect of mineral admixtures on the properties of fresh concrete is very important as these properties may affect the durability and mechanical properties of concrete.
Geopolymer concrete is an innovative, eco-friendly construction material.
It is used as replacement of cement concrete.
In geopolymer concrete cement is not used as a binding material.
Fly ash, silica-fume, or GGBS, along with alkali solution are used as binders.
The geopolymer cement is formed by polymerization process which involves the reaction between an aluminosilicate source material such as fly-ash, GGBS, etc. with an alkaline activator solutions.
As a project in undergraduate college, we decided to explore soil and ways to reinforce using plastic fibers. Our study included Geo synthetic meshes as well as chemical stabilizers. Our scope of study study was finalized to be Waste Plastic Fiber Reinforced soil, as plastic was being used experimentally in small projects while waste plastic is easily available.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
A critical review of commonly used bituminous paving mixes has attempted based on
Mix selection based on function and location within flexible pavement.
Capabilities of present day hot mix asphalt plants
A sample lab report on Marshall method of mix design for bituminous mixtures with all calculations.
Please request with your mail ID if you want to download this document.
This presentation gives an overview on different types of acid attacks on concrete. Mechanism of each attack is discussed with few case studies. Hope it is useful
Admixtures are added in concrete to improve the quality of concrete.
Fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), Metakaolin (MK), and rice husk ash (RHA)
Possess certain characteristics through which they influence the properties of concrete differently.
Effect of mineral admixtures on the properties of fresh concrete is very important as these properties may affect the durability and mechanical properties of concrete.
Geopolymer concrete is an innovative, eco-friendly construction material.
It is used as replacement of cement concrete.
In geopolymer concrete cement is not used as a binding material.
Fly ash, silica-fume, or GGBS, along with alkali solution are used as binders.
The geopolymer cement is formed by polymerization process which involves the reaction between an aluminosilicate source material such as fly-ash, GGBS, etc. with an alkaline activator solutions.
As a project in undergraduate college, we decided to explore soil and ways to reinforce using plastic fibers. Our study included Geo synthetic meshes as well as chemical stabilizers. Our scope of study study was finalized to be Waste Plastic Fiber Reinforced soil, as plastic was being used experimentally in small projects while waste plastic is easily available.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
A critical review of commonly used bituminous paving mixes has attempted based on
Mix selection based on function and location within flexible pavement.
Capabilities of present day hot mix asphalt plants
A sample lab report on Marshall method of mix design for bituminous mixtures with all calculations.
Please request with your mail ID if you want to download this document.
The Step by Step Process of Extracting Iron from its Ore using the Blast Furnace with details of Chemical Reactions. Question Answers based on the process of extraction of metals.
Recycle material used in road constructionpavan bathani
As the world population grows, so do the amount and type of waste being generated.Many of the waste produced today will remain in environment.The creation of non decaying waste material, combined with a growing consumer population, has resulted in a waste disposal crisis.
One solution to this crisis lies in recycling waste into useful products.
It is try to match society need for safe and economic disposal of waste material with highway industry need for better and more cost effective construction material.
Multiresponse optimization of surface grinding operation of EN19 alloy steel ...IAEME Publication
Conventional grinding fluid is widely used in grinding process, which results in high consumption and impacting the environment. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) is alternative source for the Conventional grinding process. In this study, Water based nanofluid applied to grinding process with MQL approach for its excellent convection heat transfer and thermal conductivity properties.
Experimental evaluation of performance of electrical discharge machining of d...eSAT Journals
Abstract Electrical discharge machining is the most widely used machining process in industries. Its use is particularly intense when very complex shapes on hard materials with a high dimensional accuracy are required. However the technological capability of the process has limited application when there is a requirement of high surface quality and mirror like characteristics. Its operation is characterized by long machining time, high tool wear and uncertainty in the final finish of the surface. However for finish surface, materials are subjected to mechanical polishing after EDM, which is wastage of time and energy. To improve the efficiency and surface finish of the work piece, the abrasive particles of Aluminum oxide (Al2O3 ) are mixed into the dielectric fluid at tool-work interface. In this Abrasive mixed EDM, the Abrasive mixed dielectric fluid facilitate the bridging effect and minimize the insulating strength of the dielectric fluid. As a result it improves the material removal rate and surface roughness. This paper presents the effect of abrasive on the performance of the EDM process. The results of both the processes have been analyzed using Design of experiments to find the significant parameters and to obtain the optimum parameters required for machining. Analyzed results indicate that abrasive particle size and abrasive concentration and pulse current are the most significant parameters that improve the material removal rate in comparison with traditional EDM. A new experimental setup is developed for experimentation. The result shows that the MRR increases with the abrasive mixed EDM. Keywords: Material removal rate, Abrasive mixed EDM, Dielectric fluid, Design of experiment, Abrasive particle size.
The big challenge of the mass production firms is concentrated for achieving high quality
products with good dimensionability with high productivity, less wear on the cutting insert, less use
of cutting fluid, within less time. This paper present dissertation work of an investigation of turning
process parameters on hard EN 31 material, for optimization of surface roughness, material removal
rate, machining time in wet and minimum quantity lubrication system. The experiment is carried out
by considering four controllable input variables namely cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and
insert nose radius in the presence of wet & MQL system. This experiment also present the relation
between chip formations and controllable variables along with chip thickness, chip colors & chip
velocity from which its effect on insert wear, quality of product can be easily found out, because of
chip morphology gives indirectly the effect of it on the insert wear. In this dissertation work
minimum quantity lubrication system is used for reducing the cutting zone temperature properly and
very fastly. Finally comparison is carried out between wet and minimum quantity lubrication system
from which one can easily identify which system is better for higher productivity along with high
surface finish. This work also present the productivity (MRR) concept in production. The design of
experiment and optimization of surface roughness, material removal rate, machining time is carried
out by using response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite design method is used (CCD)
for the total experimental design work and its analysis and also for optimization of turning process
parameter by which wastage of the machining time, power can be avoided.
Final PPT Partial Replacement of sand with quarry dust in high strength fly a...Sudhanshu Baigra
The main goal of this project was to replace the conventional Red Clay bricks with Fly Ash Bricks.
We know that Bricks are one of the most important parts of any construction project. With the new advancements of the present construction industry, there is a significant need to incorporate the use of industrial and agricultural by-products and waste products along with the traditional construction materials. Recycling such wastes by utilizing them into building materials is a moderate solution for the pollution issues. Sand is getting depleted day by day and in order to save our mineral wealth, in this study it was decided to use Quarry Dust (Waste material) as a replacement for sand instead of using the top most fertile soil for the process of making the bricks which further leads to declining in agricultural soil and in order to save the top most fertile soil and environment, fly ash as a replacement was used. The main intention behind doing the project on High strength Fly ash bricks is to determine the optimum mixture among all the samples of three different batches in order to use that type of bricks for the construction process. After performing all the necessary tests, it can be readily inferred that the sample consisting of 50% Fly Ash, 40% Quarry Dust, 10% Cement & 15% GGBS shows the highest value of the compressive strength among all the bricks i.e., 15.42 MPa (at 28 days of testing) and in case of Water absorption, it was observed that the least water absorption value is obtained in the sample that consists of 50% Fly Ash, 40% Quarry Dust, 10% Cement and 0% GGBS i.e., 6.40% (at 28 days of testing). In the case of bulk density, all the bricks at the age of 28 days of testing achieve the bulk density in the range of 2-2.2 g/cm3 which is generally taken as the ideal value for brick masonry. After going through all the economical and environmental aspects, it was finally concluded that the sample, consists of 50% Fly Ash, 40% Quarry Dust,10% Cement & 0% GGBS.
you would be aware about the different types of special concrete being used in india.All these types of concrete are being produced by ultratech concrete, for more details visit www.ultratechconcrete.com/concrete_types.html
A LABORATORY STUDY OF CONCRETE MIX USING Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slagjay dalal
project on GGBS replace with CEMENT and check the strength of cement concrete and GGBS cement concrete on M20 grade. we also check price of cement concrete and GGBS cement concrete.
Comparative Study on Fly Ash Bricks and Conventional Clay BricksBhagyashreeNagpure2
Fly ash bricks are well known bricks. Fly ash bricks are slow but surely replacingconventional clay bricks for wall construction. It is green and environmental friendlymaterial.Fly ash brick is real good option against clay brick. The fly ash bricksarecomparatively lighter in weight and stronger and less costly than common clay brick.This paper represents the comparison of fly ash bricks and clay bricks.The outcome of this paper found to be the compressive strength of fly ash bricks are more than the clay bricks and fly ash bricks absorb less water than clay bricks that means dampness is more in clay bricks. So,we conclude that the fly ash bricks is better than clay bricks for construction purpose.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Experimental Studies
1. Strength development of concretes with slag
2. Stabilization of Expansive Clays with slag
• Use of Blast Furnace Slag in Road Construction
• Benefits of slag cement
• Summary
• References
3. Introduction
10 million tons of blast furnace slag is produced in India
annually as a byproduct of Iron and Steel Industry.
Blast furnace slag is composed of silicates and alumino
silicates of lime .
It is a latent hydraulic product which can be activated
with anyone- lime or Portland cement.
4. Contd ….
The hydration of granulated blast furnace slag is slower
than that of the ordinary Portland cement(OPC).
A mixture of the blast furnace slag and ordinary
Portland cement will retard the rate of strength
development.
Lime-GBFS mix as alternate binder to cement, and for
its use in mortar, soil stabilization as well as in concrete.
5. The degree of retardation depends upon the
Contd ….
• Chemical composition of the slag and OPC,
• Percentage of slag,
• Temperature and
• Humidity of the environment.
BFS shows a potential of pozzolanic reaction . When mixed
with Portland cement, And accelerates the hydration of
Portland cement.
6. The replacement of Portland cement by BFS, up to 70%,
does not have any negative effect on the compressive
strength of concrete after 28 days.
Contd ….
The use of Blast Furnace Slag in Engineered
cementitious composites not only reduces the cost and
increases the greenness, but also improves the workability,
the mechanical properties and the durability.
7. Contd ….
• Activity and granule size of the slag,
• The quantity and quantity of lime (activator),
• The composition of the bed and the relative
content of binder, and
• The setting conditions.
The use of GBFS in road construction shows that the
strength of the reinforced bed depends on
8. Experiment
Throughout this investigation, ordinary Portland cement,
ground granulated-blast furnace slag, and fly ash were used
as cementing materials. The coarse aggregate used was a
10 mm maximum size. The fine aggregate was 3 mm
maximum size and it was obtained from the same source of
the coarse aggregate.
Strength development of concrete with Slag
9. During this study five mixes were used. The first one,
made by using OPC with out any replacement, was used
as the mix control. The second and third mixes had
30%and 50% of the cement replaced by fly ash. The
fourth and fifth mixes had 30% and 50% of cement
replacement with slag.
Total aggregate/cementitious materials ratio was 6.0 with
33% of fine aggregates, and
The water/cementitious ratio was 0.55.
10. • For each temperature 10 standard test cubes
(100xl00xl00 mm) were cast for each of the five mixes.
• The compressive strength was obtained at ages of 1,3, 7,
28, and 90 days for water-cured specimens at 6, 20,35, 60,
and 80ºC.
• Prior to mixing, the mix ingredients were stored at the
temperatures of 6, 20, 35, 60, and 80ºC for at least24 hours.
11.
12. Fig 1 Compressive strength results of OPC concrete Vs age
• At 6ºC and 20ºC curing temperature OPC concrete
shows greater strength than other concretes up to the age
of 90 days.
13. Fig. 2 - Experimental and calculated compressive strength results
of 30% slag concrete.
15. Concretes containing slag initially gained strength at a
slower rate than 100% OPC mix. However, at later ages
(56 days) the slag mixes did tend towards achieving their
equivalent OPC mix strength.
The compressive strength of concretes subjected to
different temperature is affected by the curing temperature
greatly. In order to predict time-strength development, this
effect should be taken into consideration.
16. Carino suggested a hyperbolic strength age function that
can account for temperature and time effects on strength
development of concretes cured under isothermal
conditions.
fc = k fu ( t - to)
1 +k(t-to)
where
fc = Strength at age t;
t o = Age when strength development begins;
fu= Ultimate strength;
k = Initial slope of the relative strength (fc/fu) versus
t curve.
17. Stabilization of Expansive Clays with slag
Preparation of Samples
Soil, sample , was prepared by mixing 85% Kaolinite (Gs
= 2.69) and15% Bentonite (Gs = 2.39) by dry mass. A
preliminary swell test on sample a resulted in 32.90%
vertical swell, indicating a highly expansive soil. To
overcome the swelling potential, ground GBFS (Gs =
2.88), was first added in amounts ranging from 5, 10, 15,
20 and 25% in dry mass to sample A.
18. And GBFSC (Gs = 2.89) was manufactured by blending
ground GBFS (80%) and ordinary Portland cement (20%)
by mass). GBFSC was added in amounts ranging from 5,
10, 15, 20 and25% in dry mass to sample A.
Sample Properties
Hydrometer tests were performed to determine particle
size distribution. The LL, PL, PI, SL , and specific gravity
(Gs) of the samples were determined. The LL, PL and PI of
the untreated and treated samples are given in(Table2 )
19.
20. Testing Procedure
In this study, the ‘‘Free Swell Method’' was used to
determine the amount of swell. Each specimen was
prepared to 60 g dry mass. 6 ml of water was added to the
sample to obtain 10% water content.
The consolidation ring containing the specimen was placed
in the oedometer after placing filter papers on the top and
bottom of the specimen not to clog the porous stones. An
air-dry porous stone was placed on top of the specimen.
21. •Dial gauge measuring the vertical deflection was set to
zero.
•The specimen was inundated with water to the upper
surface directly, and to the lower surface through
standpipes.
•A seating pressure of at least 1 kPa applied by the weight
of top porous stone and load plate until primary swell is
complete.
22. Free Swell(%)= 100 dH/H
Where dH is the change in the initial height of the specimen.
H is the original height of the specimen.
•As soon as the specimen was inundated, swelling began. The
specimen was allowed to swell freely.
•Dial gauge readings showing the vertical swell of the
specimen were recorded until the swell stopped.
23. • Reduces the LL
• Raises the SL and
• Reduces the PL of the soil.
Discussion of Test Results
The LL, PI, SL and clay content (CC) results can be used to
explain the swell results as follows:
The addition of GBFS (or GBFSC) to the expansive clay:
• Reduces the CC and a corresponding increase in the
percentage of coarse particles.
24. Use of blast-furnace slag's as
• Sand and gravel for the construction of road beds,
• Basic filler in asphalt–concrete mixtures for the
construction of road and airport coatings,
• Unroasted cement (binder) for reinforcing roadways and
• Preparing slow-setting concrete.
Use of Blast Furnace Slag in Road
Construction
25. • Road construction has different requirements in terms of
both production and operation, calling for different properties
of the Portland cement.
• In particular the fast setting of concrete with considerable
heat liberation tends to create an internal stress state,
• Reduces the crack resistance of the concrete
26. • To reduce the stress, temperature seams must be
introduced in the plate.
• Temperature seams are usually introduced at intervals of
4–6 m;
• By contrast, slag binders composed mainly of
granulated slag and activators consist of slow-setting low-
basicity silicates C2S (75–85%),which results in slow
setting.
27. •Unroasted slow-setting binder largely meets the
requirements of road construction.
•Slow setting of the binder is convenient .Hence, materials
with slow-setting binder will retain their thixotropic
properties for a long period.
•This means that material may be applied and worked over
more than 2–3 km at a time, without loss of quality., the
granular composition of the filler
28. • The interaction of bitumen with blast-furnace slag is
intense, on account of physical, mechanical, chemical,
electrostatic, and diffusional processes.
• Therefore, the adhesive binders at the boundary of the
bitumen–mineral material are strong and stable under the
action of atmospheric factors.
• In addition, the hydraulic activity of the BFS facilitates
prolonged setting of the material and the acquisition of
additional strength, which compensates the increased
porosity of the asphalt concrete.
29. • Slag is basic filler in asphalt–concrete mixtures for the
construction of road coatings.
Such coatings ensure
• Rapid drainage of water from the surface and hence
increase road safety during rainstorms,
• By reducing aquaplaning and increasing wheel adhesion to
the road.
• At night, when the headlights are turned on, there is less
reflective glare from the road surface, with improvement in
visibility for the driver
30. It is recommended for the construction of all roads in
residential areas, so as to
• . Increase road safety,
• Reduce noise, and
• Improve the comfort and visibility of drivers.
This recommendation may also be extended to road
sections with sharp horizontal curves
31. Benefits of slag cement:
• Improved concrete workability
• Enhanced finish ability
• Lower permeability
• Improved resistance to aggressive chemicals
• Increased compressive and flexural strengths
• Lighter color
32. The significant advantages of granulated blast furnace
slag binder are
• GBFS binder with 7.5 percent gypsum can be used for
making mortars,
• Stabilization of soils and
• making concrete mixes for use in road bases and composite
pavements
33. SUMMARY
• At low, normal and elevated curing temperatures, fly
ash and slag concretes developed strength more slowly
than OPC concretes
• Slag concretes behaved similarly to OPC concrete
after 28 days of age.
• The strength age relationship is described more
accurately by using the hyperbolic power function.
34. • Slag cement can enhance concrete pavement by
improving workability in the plastic state.
• Increasing strengths and reducing permeability in the
harde ned state.
• The increasing limestone powder and BFS contents lead to
a smaller average loaded crack width
•blast-furnace slag is a long-acting binder, which facilitates
the solidification of materials used for road construction,
thereby increasing the carrying capacity and durability of
road and runway coatings
35. REFERENCES
•O.Eren, (2002). “Strength development of concretes with
ordinary Portland cement, slag or fly ash cured at different
temperatures”, Department of Civil Engineering, Eastern
Mediterranean University, Gazimagusa, Kibris, Mersin 10,
Turkey, vol 35,page no.536-540
•J. Zhou , S. Qian , M. G. Sierra Beltran G. K. van Breugel
“Development of engineered cementitious composites with
limestone powder and blast furnace slag” Microlab, Faculty of
Civil Engineering and Geosciences,Delft University of Technology,
36. •S V Srinivasan,” Use of blast furnace slag and fly-ash in road
construction”Indian highways. Vol. 21, no. 11 (Nov. 1993)
•Erdal Cokca , Veysel Yazici , Vehbi Ozaydin” Stabilization of
Expansive Clays Using Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) and
GBFS-Cement”, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East
Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey
•B.A.Asmatulaev.R.B.Asmatulaev,A.S.Abdrasulova,”Use Of Blast-
Furnace Slag in Road construction”, Dortrans Kazakh Scientific-
Research and Design Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan,AK Kazzhol,
Kazakhstan,Vol 37 p.no 722-725