This document presents research on the compressive strength of bamboo leaf ash (BLA) blended cement concrete cured in different sulphate environments. Concrete cubes with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement of cement with BLA were cured in water and sulphate solutions of varying concentrations for 21 and 28 days. Testing found that BLA concrete strengths generally increased with higher sulphate concentrations and longer curing times compared to plain cement concrete. Replacement of 10% cement with BLA produced the highest strengths. The results indicate BLA concrete has improved sulphate resistance and could be suitable for use in sulphate environments where early strength is not critical.
A LABORATORY STUDY OF CONCRETE MIX USING Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slagjay dalal
project on GGBS replace with CEMENT and check the strength of cement concrete and GGBS cement concrete on M20 grade. we also check price of cement concrete and GGBS cement concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PARTIALLY REPLACED WASTE MATERIALS IN RI...guruvignesh N
This present study aims to identify the most suitable material
to utilize in concrete pavement. Several studies have been conducted across the worldwide to identify properties of waste materials on concrete and environmental also. From the basis of different studies the waste materials to be selected and replaced partial manner instead of concrete components. utilize waste material in rigid pavement for low cost concreting purpose. The selected appropriate ranging is to be used for rigid pavement construction in the grade of M30 as per IRC 44. Various engineering properties were obtained by strength and durability analysis.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and utilization of
industrial by products. Lime stone quarries will produce millions of tons waste dust powder every year. Having
considerable high degree of fineness in comparision to cement this material may be utilized as a partial
replacement to cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using lime
stone powder in the production of SCC with combined use GGBS and how it affects the fresh and mechanical
properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with GGBS in percentages like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
by taking the optimum mix with GGBS lime stone powder is blended to mix in percentages like 5, 10, 15, 20 as
a partial replacement to cement. Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 30% GGBS and 15%
limestone powder gives maximum compressive strength and fresh properties are also in the limits prescribed by
the EFNARC.
based on the partial replacement of cement with ggbs as a concern to reduce the demand for cement. this seminar is being conducted in reference to 2 important journals...on the study carried out in RC beams and plain hardened concrete. Various tests are being conducted and it reveals that upto 70% replacement can be used which gives the same result as that without replacement.
A LABORATORY STUDY OF CONCRETE MIX USING Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slagjay dalal
project on GGBS replace with CEMENT and check the strength of cement concrete and GGBS cement concrete on M20 grade. we also check price of cement concrete and GGBS cement concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PARTIALLY REPLACED WASTE MATERIALS IN RI...guruvignesh N
This present study aims to identify the most suitable material
to utilize in concrete pavement. Several studies have been conducted across the worldwide to identify properties of waste materials on concrete and environmental also. From the basis of different studies the waste materials to be selected and replaced partial manner instead of concrete components. utilize waste material in rigid pavement for low cost concreting purpose. The selected appropriate ranging is to be used for rigid pavement construction in the grade of M30 as per IRC 44. Various engineering properties were obtained by strength and durability analysis.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and utilization of
industrial by products. Lime stone quarries will produce millions of tons waste dust powder every year. Having
considerable high degree of fineness in comparision to cement this material may be utilized as a partial
replacement to cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using lime
stone powder in the production of SCC with combined use GGBS and how it affects the fresh and mechanical
properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with GGBS in percentages like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
by taking the optimum mix with GGBS lime stone powder is blended to mix in percentages like 5, 10, 15, 20 as
a partial replacement to cement. Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 30% GGBS and 15%
limestone powder gives maximum compressive strength and fresh properties are also in the limits prescribed by
the EFNARC.
based on the partial replacement of cement with ggbs as a concern to reduce the demand for cement. this seminar is being conducted in reference to 2 important journals...on the study carried out in RC beams and plain hardened concrete. Various tests are being conducted and it reveals that upto 70% replacement can be used which gives the same result as that without replacement.
An Experimental Study on Durability of Concrete Using Fly Ash & GGBS for M30 ...IJERD Editor
Concrete when subjected to severe environments its durability can significantly decline due to
degradation. Degradation of concrete structures by corrosion is a serious problem and has major economic
implications. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the durability of concrete using the mineral
admixtures like Fly Ash & Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) for M30 grade concrete.Cube
Specimens were casted and are immersed in normal water, sea water, H2SO4 of various concentrations and were
tested after 7 days, 28 days & 60 days.
Study on properties of concrete by partially replacing cement with GGBSNajeer Ahamad
India has an enormous growth in the industry of steel and copper. These industries produce hazardous by products like ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). If they were not disposed off properly, they may cause hazards to the atmosphere. Considering the long term performance and stability of structures, this study suggests replacing some percentage of cement withGGBS to develop high performance concrete. This paper presents an experimental investigation to know the use of GGBS in concrete as a replacing agent of cement.. To accomplish this 53 grade Ordinary Portland cement were used in preparing concrete mix with a w/c ratio of 0.40 with suitable superplasticizers. In order to confirm the use of GGBS as a replacing agent tests were conducted. Cement was replaced with 0% to 40% with GGBS respectively. Concrete control specimens without replacement were also cast for comparison. After casting the cube moulds specimens were tested for various tests likecompressive strength test, tensile strength test, flexural strength test.
“Experimental studies on the characteristics properties of concrete produced ...AjeetPanedakatti
Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material in the world and is consumed second only to water on this planet. It is obtained by mixing the cementitious materials, water and aggregates in the required proportions. However, the various required performance attributes of concrete including strength, workability, dimensional stability and durability, often impose contradictory requirements on the mix parameters to be adopted, there by rendering the concrete mix design a very difficult task.
The increase in global warming has resulted a wide range of change in earth’s temperature, the source being emission of carbon dioxide gas from the production process of cement. Use of naturally available pozzolanic waste materials (fly ash & granite powder) as a partial substitute of OPC cement in mortar mix has seen a wide potential in the utilization of these waste material and also enhancing the properties of mortar mix and thus reducing the environment impact caused by manufacturing of cement. In this study the effect of using fly ash & granite powder is used as a partial substitute of ordinary port-land cement and to reduce the cost of the cement.
An investigation was conducted to determine the suitability of using fly ash (bi-product from thermal power plant) and waste granite powder as partial replacement for cement for concrete production. Apart from the control concrete sample which had 100% cement all the other samples were treated to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% replacement of cement with flyash and granite powder. Concrete cubes of 150mmx150mmx150mm, cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height, beams of 100mmx100mmx500mm were made with the various proportions of cement, sand and coarse aggregates in a mix ratio of 1:2.2:3, water -cement ratio of 0.50 and cured over 28 days. The results of compressive strength tests show that the strength of the concrete cubes with varying amounts of cement and fly ash and granite powder changed marginally. This was interpreted to mean that the partial replacement of cement with fly ash and granite powder up to 20% in concrete results in about 1.4% increase in the strength of the concrete. The compressive strength of concrete cubes is 33N/mm2, flexural strength of concrete beams is 5.10 N/mm2 and split tensile strength of concrete cylinder is 2.34 N/mm2 for 20% replacement.
Utilization of Foundry Waste Sand in the Preparation of Concreteiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING GGBS WITH PARTIAL RE...Ijripublishers Ijri
Concrete is Most widely used construction Material in the Modern Era because of its good Compressive strength and
high durability. As we know Concrete comprises a Mixture of cement, sand (fine aggregate), course aggregate and water
which makes up normal plain concrete, to increase the strength of concrete we can design the mix with greater Flexibility,
but the problems Arises in structure as load age, increaseof floors which demands increase of high strength concrete
and more steel. So, especially at the beams, columns joints heavy reinforcement meshing is done so that it becomes If
the concrete is not compacted then strength may not be achieved, so the solution for the problem is SCC which we call
it asself-compacting concrete. Were this SCC has ability to compact by itself Gravity and self-flow ability same strength
can be Here in the research, it is carried out self-compaction concrete to improve strength & make concrete economical
so, a mix is dispend of M30,M40 Grades with adding chemical admixture named poly carboxylic ether (ADVA960) , a
Retarder Basically Which also increases strength and workability &replacing cement with GGBS (Ground Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag) 40%&50% .The tests are carried out to find the increase in strength by adding chemical admixture &
replacing GGBS 40% & 50%.By the chemical admixture adding up to 2% Max were previous strength shows that adding
of chemical admixture greater than 2% which results to increase the initial setting time and decrease in the w/c ratio.
Test will be conducted for 3,7,28 days find the increase of strength and its other properties
Experimental Investigation on the Concrete as a Partial Replacement of Fine a...IJSRD
This project work involves in an experimental study on the concrete by using stone dust and brick dust on the mechanical properties of the concrete. In this experimental study two types admixtures are used in preparation of concrete mix. Stone dust and brick dust are added from 0% to 25% by weight of fine aggregate with increment of 5%. A comparative analysis has been carried out for conventional concrete to that of the admixture concrete in relation to their compressive, split tensile and flexural strength properties. As the stone dust and brick dust content increases in cement concrete, the compressive and split tensile values are proportionally increasing. It is observed that at 20% of stone dust and brick dust is the optimum dosages for concrete mixture.
Abstract
The paper presents the studies on properties of blended concretes containing various mineral admixtuers like fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag and metakaolin as partial replacement to cement. By addition of these admixtures reduces the cement content so that it can minimize the enivornment impact from the producion of cement.Various properties of blended concretes are reviewed from different research articles.
Keywords- Blended Concrete, Binary Blended, Triple Blended, Quaternary Blended Concretes, Strength Properties, Durability Properties
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A Study on Partial Replacement of Natural Granite Aggregate with Pelletized F...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
A Study on Partial Replacement of Natural Granite Aggregate with Pelletized F...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
An Experimental Study on Durability of Concrete Using Fly Ash & GGBS for M30 ...IJERD Editor
Concrete when subjected to severe environments its durability can significantly decline due to
degradation. Degradation of concrete structures by corrosion is a serious problem and has major economic
implications. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the durability of concrete using the mineral
admixtures like Fly Ash & Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) for M30 grade concrete.Cube
Specimens were casted and are immersed in normal water, sea water, H2SO4 of various concentrations and were
tested after 7 days, 28 days & 60 days.
Study on properties of concrete by partially replacing cement with GGBSNajeer Ahamad
India has an enormous growth in the industry of steel and copper. These industries produce hazardous by products like ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). If they were not disposed off properly, they may cause hazards to the atmosphere. Considering the long term performance and stability of structures, this study suggests replacing some percentage of cement withGGBS to develop high performance concrete. This paper presents an experimental investigation to know the use of GGBS in concrete as a replacing agent of cement.. To accomplish this 53 grade Ordinary Portland cement were used in preparing concrete mix with a w/c ratio of 0.40 with suitable superplasticizers. In order to confirm the use of GGBS as a replacing agent tests were conducted. Cement was replaced with 0% to 40% with GGBS respectively. Concrete control specimens without replacement were also cast for comparison. After casting the cube moulds specimens were tested for various tests likecompressive strength test, tensile strength test, flexural strength test.
“Experimental studies on the characteristics properties of concrete produced ...AjeetPanedakatti
Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material in the world and is consumed second only to water on this planet. It is obtained by mixing the cementitious materials, water and aggregates in the required proportions. However, the various required performance attributes of concrete including strength, workability, dimensional stability and durability, often impose contradictory requirements on the mix parameters to be adopted, there by rendering the concrete mix design a very difficult task.
The increase in global warming has resulted a wide range of change in earth’s temperature, the source being emission of carbon dioxide gas from the production process of cement. Use of naturally available pozzolanic waste materials (fly ash & granite powder) as a partial substitute of OPC cement in mortar mix has seen a wide potential in the utilization of these waste material and also enhancing the properties of mortar mix and thus reducing the environment impact caused by manufacturing of cement. In this study the effect of using fly ash & granite powder is used as a partial substitute of ordinary port-land cement and to reduce the cost of the cement.
An investigation was conducted to determine the suitability of using fly ash (bi-product from thermal power plant) and waste granite powder as partial replacement for cement for concrete production. Apart from the control concrete sample which had 100% cement all the other samples were treated to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% replacement of cement with flyash and granite powder. Concrete cubes of 150mmx150mmx150mm, cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height, beams of 100mmx100mmx500mm were made with the various proportions of cement, sand and coarse aggregates in a mix ratio of 1:2.2:3, water -cement ratio of 0.50 and cured over 28 days. The results of compressive strength tests show that the strength of the concrete cubes with varying amounts of cement and fly ash and granite powder changed marginally. This was interpreted to mean that the partial replacement of cement with fly ash and granite powder up to 20% in concrete results in about 1.4% increase in the strength of the concrete. The compressive strength of concrete cubes is 33N/mm2, flexural strength of concrete beams is 5.10 N/mm2 and split tensile strength of concrete cylinder is 2.34 N/mm2 for 20% replacement.
Utilization of Foundry Waste Sand in the Preparation of Concreteiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING GGBS WITH PARTIAL RE...Ijripublishers Ijri
Concrete is Most widely used construction Material in the Modern Era because of its good Compressive strength and
high durability. As we know Concrete comprises a Mixture of cement, sand (fine aggregate), course aggregate and water
which makes up normal plain concrete, to increase the strength of concrete we can design the mix with greater Flexibility,
but the problems Arises in structure as load age, increaseof floors which demands increase of high strength concrete
and more steel. So, especially at the beams, columns joints heavy reinforcement meshing is done so that it becomes If
the concrete is not compacted then strength may not be achieved, so the solution for the problem is SCC which we call
it asself-compacting concrete. Were this SCC has ability to compact by itself Gravity and self-flow ability same strength
can be Here in the research, it is carried out self-compaction concrete to improve strength & make concrete economical
so, a mix is dispend of M30,M40 Grades with adding chemical admixture named poly carboxylic ether (ADVA960) , a
Retarder Basically Which also increases strength and workability &replacing cement with GGBS (Ground Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag) 40%&50% .The tests are carried out to find the increase in strength by adding chemical admixture &
replacing GGBS 40% & 50%.By the chemical admixture adding up to 2% Max were previous strength shows that adding
of chemical admixture greater than 2% which results to increase the initial setting time and decrease in the w/c ratio.
Test will be conducted for 3,7,28 days find the increase of strength and its other properties
Experimental Investigation on the Concrete as a Partial Replacement of Fine a...IJSRD
This project work involves in an experimental study on the concrete by using stone dust and brick dust on the mechanical properties of the concrete. In this experimental study two types admixtures are used in preparation of concrete mix. Stone dust and brick dust are added from 0% to 25% by weight of fine aggregate with increment of 5%. A comparative analysis has been carried out for conventional concrete to that of the admixture concrete in relation to their compressive, split tensile and flexural strength properties. As the stone dust and brick dust content increases in cement concrete, the compressive and split tensile values are proportionally increasing. It is observed that at 20% of stone dust and brick dust is the optimum dosages for concrete mixture.
Abstract
The paper presents the studies on properties of blended concretes containing various mineral admixtuers like fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag and metakaolin as partial replacement to cement. By addition of these admixtures reduces the cement content so that it can minimize the enivornment impact from the producion of cement.Various properties of blended concretes are reviewed from different research articles.
Keywords- Blended Concrete, Binary Blended, Triple Blended, Quaternary Blended Concretes, Strength Properties, Durability Properties
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A Study on Partial Replacement of Natural Granite Aggregate with Pelletized F...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
A Study on Partial Replacement of Natural Granite Aggregate with Pelletized F...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
The Effect of Local Brewery Waste and Bitter Cassava Flour on Compressive Str...inventionjournals
Cement is a major construction material worldwide. However, given the escalating costs of cement and the environmental hazards associated with the use of cement there is need to develop alternative, costeffective, non-conventional, locally available materials, especially those that can partially or wholly replace cement. This paper presents the results on the study of the effect of local brewery waste and bitter cassava flour on the compressive strength and shrinkage of plaster. The test was made with cement replaced by local brewery waste or bitter cassava (10-50%) and cement/sand mix as a control. The results showed an optimum of 20% cement replacement with bitter cassava for plaster mortar for high cost houses (18.1Mpa) and 10% cement replacement with local brewery waste for plaster mortar for low cost houses (2.1Mpa). Result show a maximum shrinkage of 8mm at 50% replacement with bitter cassava and zero shrinkage for 50% replacement with local brewery waste. Furthermore only the control, 40% and 50% with bitter cassava flour showed cracks of about 2mm for mix ratio 1:3 and 1:4.
The Effect of Local Brewery Waste and Bitter Cassava Flour on Compressive Str...inventionjournals
Cement is a major construction material worldwide. However, given the escalating costs of cement and the environmental hazards associated with the use of cement there is need to develop alternative, costeffective, non-conventional, locally available materials, especially those that can partially or wholly replace cement. This paper presents the results on the study of the effect of local brewery waste and bitter cassava flour on the compressive strength and shrinkage of plaster. The test was made with cement replaced by local brewery waste or bitter cassava (10-50%) and cement/sand mix as a control. The results showed an optimum of 20% cement replacement with bitter cassava for plaster mortar for high cost houses (18.1Mpa) and 10% cement replacement with local brewery waste for plaster mortar for low cost houses (2.1Mpa). Result show a maximum shrinkage of 8mm at 50% replacement with bitter cassava and zero shrinkage for 50% replacement with local brewery waste. Furthermore only the control, 40% and 50% with bitter cassava flour showed cracks of about 2mm for mix ratio 1:3 and 1:4.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Partial Replacement of Cement by Saw Dust Ash in Concrete A Sustainable ApproachIJERD Editor
Concrete industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources due to which sustainability of concrete industry is under threat. The environmental and economic concern is the biggest challenge concrete industry is facing. In this paper, the issues of environmental and economic concern are addressed by the use of saw dust ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete. Cement was replaced by Saw Dust Ash as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight for M-25 mix. The concrete specimens were tested for compressive strength, durability (water absorption) and density at 28 days of age and the results obtained were compared with those of normal concrete. The results concluded the permissibility of using Saw Dust Ash as partial replacement of cement up to 10% by weight for particle size of range 90micron.
Fly Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete and Durability Study o...IJERD Editor
Cement production gives rise to CO2emissions generated by the calcinations of CaCo3 and by the
fossil, being responsible for about 5% of the Co2 emissions in the world. This can be substantially reduced if
cement replacement materials such as a fly ash are used Within the frame work of a comprehensive research
concerning this residual of coal industries, studied some durability characteristics of concretes made with Fly
ash. In this project report the results of the tests carried out on Sulphate attack on concrete cubes in water curing
along with H2SO4 solution. Also, aiming the use of fly-ash as cement replacement. The present experimental
investigation were carried on fly ash and has been chemically and physically characterized, and partially
replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% by weight of cement in concrete. Fresh concrete tests like
compaction factor test was hardened concrete tests like compressive Strength at the age of 28 days, 60 days, 90
days was obtained and also durability aspect of fly ash concrete for sulphates attack was tested. The result
indicates that fly ash improves concrete durability.
Study on Flexural Behaviour of Activated Fly Ash Concreteijsrd.com
Cement concrete is the most widely used construction material in many infrastructure projects. The development and use of mineral admixture for cement replacement is growing in construction industry mainly due to the consideration of cost saving, energy saving, environmental production and conservation of resources. Present study is aimed at replacing cement in concrete with activated fly ash. The paper highlights the chemical activation of low calcium fly ash. Today activation of fly ash is playing an important role for enhancing the effectiveness of fly ash and accelerating the pozzolanic properties of fly ash. Activated fly ash certainly improves the early age strength and durability of concrete and corrosion tolerance. Many methods such as mechanical (physical), thermal and chemical activation are in use to activate the fly ash. The chemical activation is one of the easiest methods where fly ash can be activated by alkaline activators (i.e. alkaline solutions of high alkaline concentration chemicals like gypsum, sodium silicate and calcium oxide, KOH, etc.), which enhances the effectiveness of fly ash by disintegrating the glassy layer of fly ash molecules in cement concrete, thereby increasing its corrosion resistance. In the present dissertation, quality of fly ash is improved by chemical treatment by using chemical activators. The mechanical properties like compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength of activated fly ash concrete and flexural strength of activated fly ash reinforced concrete beams are studied. For this project work, the chemicals like sodium silicate, calcium oxide are used to activate the fly ash in the ratio 1:8.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: Passkeys at Amazon.pdf
A04610108
1. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org
ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719
Vol. 04, Issue 06 (June. 2014), ||V1|| PP 01-08
International organization of Scientific Research 1 | P a g e
Behaviour of Bamboo Leaf Ash Blended Cement Concrete in
Sulphates Environment
Ademola S.A1
, Buari T.A2
1
(Department of Building Technology, Osun State Polytechnic, P.M.B 301, Iree, State of Osun, Nigeria)
2
(Department of Building Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B 231, Ede, State of Osun, Nigeria)
Abstract: - This paper presents the characteristic strength behaviour of Bamboo Leaf Ash (BLA) blended
cement concrete in sulphate environment. A total of 66 concrete cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were
produced with OPC-BLA blended cement, the partial replacement of OPC by BLA was varied from 0% to 15%
in the concrete. The specimens were tested and crushed to obtain their compressive strengths at age 21, and 28
days of curing in different media (Na2SO4, CaSO4a and MgSO4 at 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5% concentration). The
choice of the percentage concentration of chemicals used as curing media was based on a similar research
carried out by [1-2]. The 28 days strengths obtained for 5%, 10% and 15% replacement of BLA increases when
compared with the results obtained at 21 days. The results also increased as the concentration of the sulphate
increases, it shows that very high concrete strength values could be obtained with OPC-BLA blended cement
concrete when high control measures are applied and at longer days of hydration and in sulphate environment.
Therefore, OPC/BLA blended cement concrete could be used in civil engineering and building works in
sulphate environment and where early strength is not a major requirement, thereby reducing the cost of
production.
Keywords: - Compressive strength, Concentration, Sulphates, Bamboo leaf Ash, Blended cement concrete.
I. INTORDUCTION
There is growing interest to recycle waste materials by using them to modify concrete mixes. Several
works have been done in the area of adding and replacing the cement with different pozzolans to improve
mechanical strength and durability of concrete [3-4]. It is generally known that Portland cement based concrete
materials are limited by their negative environmental impact arising from cement production. Portland cement
production is considered as a major contributor to greenhouse gas emission known to be a major cause of global
warming [5-6]. The cement products are also faced with durability problems which impact on resource
utilization for reconstruction and maintenance [6].The incorporation of agricultural by-product pozzolans has
been studied with positive results in the manufacture and application of blended cements. [7-8] found good
prospect in partially replacing cement with periwinkle shell ash in river stone aggregate concrete. [1]
Successfully applied groundnut shell ash as partial replacement for cement in concrete production in a sulphates
environment
With these reasons, this work evaluates the characteristics strength performance of bamboo leave ash
(BLA) as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete. Various percentages of BLA
(0%, 5%,10%,15%.) were used to produce the concrete and BLA/OPC concretes characteristics performance
were measured after curing in water for 28 and 56 days hydration periods by conducting Compressive and
splitting tensile tests on the hardened concretes. The choice of the percentage substitutions (BLA) used and
hydration period were based on a similar research carried out by [1] Characteristics Strength and Durability of
Groundnut Shell Ash (GSA) Blended Cement Concrete in Sulphate Environments, [9] Factors Influencing the
Sulphate Resistance of Cement Concrete and Mortar and [10] on Bambara Groundnut Shell Ash which, they
reported that 10% substitution of pozzolans with cement in blended concrete was acceptable compared with
required standards.
II. MATERIALS AND METHOD
The materials used for this research work are mainly cement, water, aggregate (granite and sand), and Bamboo
Leaf Ash (BLA). These materials were used for casting of 150mmx150mmx150mm concrete cubes.
The methodology involved field and laboratory tests which comprises the collection of the materials
and casting of concrete cubes. The concrete cube contains 0% of bamboo leave ash as the control sample and
5%, 10% and 15% of BLA percentage replacement were used for the research work. The practical work was
carried out at the Concrete and Structural Laboratory of the Department of Building, Federal Polytechnic, Ede.
The sieve analysis, moisture content and the specific gravity were carried out on GSA at the Soil Mechanics
2. Behaviour of Bamboo Leaf Ash Blended Cement Concrete in Sulphates Environment
International organization of Scientific Research 2 | P a g e
Laboratory of the Department of Building, Federal Polytechnic, Ede. The results of chemical analysis and
physical properties of OPC/BLA are presented in table 1, while specific gravity of BLA is presented in tables 2.
The aggregates used were of high quality and free of deleterious organic matter and the 20mm and 4.75mm
sieve sizes were used for coarse and fine aggregates respectively.
2.1 Mixes
A concrete mix of ratio 1:2:4 was adopted for the production of concrete cubes at water / cement ratio
of 0.6. Cement content was replaced at 5%, 10% and 15% with BLA. The adopted substitution levels was based
on previous similar works conducted by [1, 2, 7, 9] which Recommends between 10% 40% as the most suitable
replacement level for Blended concrete. The moulds used were cleaned with black engine oil to prevent the
development of bond between the mould and the concrete. The freshly mixed concrete was scooped into the
mould. Each mould was filled in three layers with the concrete; each layer was rammed 25 times with a tamping
rod. 150mm x 150mm x 150mm cubes were produced for the tests. A total of 80 cubes were cast. Concrete
cubes were stripped from the mould carefully after 24 hours of the concrete setting under air. All the cubes were
cured in water for hydration period of 21and 28 days respectively. Averages of three cubes were crushed for
each test. The results of the analysis are shown in Tables 5.0-5.5 and Figures 1.0-6.0
2.2 Setting Time
Values obtained as initial setting time for OPC and OPC/GSA pastes were 2 hours 35 minutes and 3 hours 05
minutes respectively. Final setting time values were obtained for OPC and OPC/GSA pastes as 3 hours
15minutes and 4 hours 12 minutes. The setting time values obtained were within the recommended range of 30
minutes to 10 hours stipulated by [11] and slightly different from result obtained by [1,2] in similar work.
2.3 Curing Condition
Curing conditions of concrete influence its hydration process. For full hydration of binder and strength
development in the concrete the continuous, longer and moist curing is required. In this work, the Initial curing
condition which affects the Sulphate resistance of concrete or mortar were carefully done in curing tank with
samples totally immersed in the curing mediums for the target hydration periods.
2.4 Splitting Tensile Test
Splitting tensile test was conducted at the Mechanical Laboratory of the Federal Polytechnic, Ede After
the specimens had been cured for the proper length of time in the water tank, the immersed specimens were
taken out from water and allowed to dry. The machine was set for the required range and diametrical lines was
drawn on the two ends of the specimen to ensure that they are on the same axial place, after noting the weight
and dimension of the specimen. A plywood strip was placed on the lower plate, then the specimen was placed
above the lower plate and the other plywood strip was placed above the specimen. The specimen was loaded
continuously without shock at uniform rates until failure occurred and the failure load was recorded.
The splitting tensile strength was calculated using the formula Tsp = 2P/ pi DL Where, P = applied load D =
diameter of the specimen L = length of the specimen
2.5 Compressive Strength Test
Before crushing, the cubes were brought out of the water and kept for exact1y 30 minutes for the water to drip
off. They were then taken to the crushing machine in accordance with [8]. The cubes were crushed, a result of
the load applied by the crushing machine and the readings were taken.
Compressive Stress = Applied Load (N)
Cross sectional Area of specimen (mm2
)
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
3.1 Chemical and Physical Properties of Bamboo Leaf Ash
Table 1.0: Physical properties of Bamboo Leaf Ash
Moisture content 0.40%
Specific gravity 2.25
3.2 Specific Gravity
Table 2.0: Determination of Specific Gravity
Sample Weight (g) Test A (g) Test B (g)
W1 5.70 5.70
W2 10.60 10.70
W3 65.00 65.00
W4 62.28 62.23
GS 2.25 2.24
Source: laboratory work, 2013
3. Behaviour of Bamboo Leaf Ash Blended Cement Concrete in Sulphates Environment
International organization of Scientific Research 3 | P a g e
Average SG = 2.25 +2.24
2
Therefore: SG =2.245. Approximately = 2.25
The Specific gravity of BLA is being 2.25. This value is higher than 1.85 and 1.90 reported by [1, 12]
and [13] for GSA and Pulverised Fuel Ash respectively. These values are less than average value of 3.15 for
Portland cement. This means that a considerable greater volume of cementitious materials (BLA) will result
from mass replacement. The moisture content is in agreement with value reported by [2] which was 0.42%.
Table 3.0: Result of Chemical Properties of OPC and BLA
Chemical Composition (%) OPC BLA
SiO2 22.13 75.90
Al2O3 3.74 4.13
F2O3 2.97 1.22.
CaO 63.36 7.47
MgO 2.58 1.85
K2O 0.52 5.62
MnO2 0.00 0.016
P2O5 0.00 3.22
True Density (g/cm3
2.97 2.25
Source: laboratory experiment, 2013.
The results above indicate that BLA contains most of oxides found in ordinary Portland cement. The
CaO composition of ordinary Portland cement was higher than that of the Bamboo leaf ash while
SiO2composition of BLA was also higher than that found in ordinary Portland cement. The result of the
chemical analysis is similar to the works conducted by [2] with the total percentage of Iron Oxide, Silicon Oxide
and Aluminum Oxide is less than the minimum of 70% specified by for pozzolanas [1,7].
Table 4.0: Results of slump test on concrete with BLA partial replacement (1:2:4 mixes)
OPC/BLA 0% 5% 10% 15%
Slump 1:2:4 mix (mm) 30 22.5 18.2 15.5
The table above shows that the slump decreases with increasing %BLA replacement.
Table 5.0: Compressive Strength of BLA blended Cement Concrete Cured in H2O and 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5%
Solution of CaSO4 at age 21days of hydration.
Description Compressive Strength In (N/mm2
)
water 0.5%CaSO4 1.5%CaSO4 2.5%CaSO4
BLA0 21.64 20.85 20.06 20.03
BLA5 15.60 13.46 17.14 17.02
BLA10 16.98 16.19 16.31 17.89
BLA15 12.93 14.02 14.31 15.00
BLA0, BLA5, BLA10 and BLA15 are; 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% Bamboo Leaf Ash replacements
The result in table 5.1 indicates that concrete with Ordinary Portland Cement at age 21 days reduces in CaSO4
solution, while BLA blended Cement Concrete performed better with increase in strength at different
concentration of CaSO4. The above result may be due to the form of Ettringite developed in the cement paste
which depends on phase of Calcium Aluminates’ Hydrates.
Figure 1.0: Compressive strength of samples in water and CaSO4 at 21 days hydration period
4. Behaviour of Bamboo Leaf Ash Blended Cement Concrete in Sulphates Environment
International organization of Scientific Research 4 | P a g e
Table 5.1: Compressive Strength of BLA blended Cement Concrete Cured in H2O and 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5%
Solution of Na2SO4 at age 21days of hydration.
BLA0, BLA5, BLA10 and BLA15 are; 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% Bamboo Leaf Ash replacements
The result in the Table 5.2 of OPC and BLA blended cement concrete varies in Na2SO4 solution and water
medium at 21 days hydration as shown in the table above. When the strength of OPC concrete cured in the same
medium solutions reduces as the solution concentrations increases, the BLA blended cement concrete increases
in the same media.
Figure 2.0: Compressive strengths of samples in water and Na2SO4 at the age of 21 days.
0
5
10
15
20
25
water 0.5%CaSO4 1.5%CaSO4 2.5%CaSO4
CompressiveStrengthinN/mm2
Compressive Strength of BLA blended cement concrete in H2O and
CaSO4
BLA0
BLA5
BLA10
BLA15
0
5
10
15
20
25
water 0.5%Na2SO4 1.5% Na2SO4 2.5% Na2SO4
CompressiveStrengthinN/mm2
Compressive Strength of BLA blended cement concrete in H2O and
Na2SO4
BLA0
BLA5
BLA10
BLA15
Description Compressive Strength In (N/Mm2
)
water 0.5%Na2SO4 1.5% Na2SO4 2.5% Na2SO4
BLA0 21.64 16.55 18.69 18.45
BLA5 15.60 12.63 15.34 16.10
BLA10 16.98 17.15 17.33 18.57
BLA15 12.93 14.35 14.59 13.98
5. Behaviour of Bamboo Leaf Ash Blended Cement Concrete in Sulphates Environment
International organization of Scientific Research 5 | P a g e
Table 5.2: Compressive Strength of BLA blended Cement Concrete Cured in H2O and 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5%
Solution of MgSO4 at age 21days of hydration.
BLA0, BLA5, BLA10 and BLA15 are; 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% Bamboo Leaf Ash replacements
There is tremendous loss in compressive strength of OPC concrete cured in MgSO4 solution as shown in table
5.3 above when compared to the OPC concrete cured in water. The BLA blended cement concrete shows no
sign of strength loss but rather increases in strength as the concentration of solution increases especially at 5%,
10% and 15% BLA replacement, but that of 10% replacement is very significant. This may be attributed to the
reaction between magnesium sulphate solution and cement paste forming gypsum (CaSO4 – 32H2O) and
Ettringite (3CaO – Al2O3 – 3CaSO4 – 32H2O).
Figure 3.0: compressive strength of samples in water and MgSO4 at 21 day hydration period
5.3: Compressive Strength of BLA blended Cement Concrete Cured in H2O and 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5% Solution
of CaSO4 at the age of 28days.
BLA0, BLA5, BLA10 and BLA15 are; 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% Bamboo Leaf Ash replacements
The result above indicates that OPC concrete gained more strength at 28 days of hydration over that of
OPC/BLA blended cement concrete which does not show any strength improvement as one will expect.
Figure 4.0: Compressive strength of samples in water and CaSO4 at 28 day hydration period.
0
5
10
15
20
25
water 0.5% MgSO4 1.5% MgSO4 2.5% MgSO4
CompressiveStrengthinN/mm2
Compressive strength of BLA blended cement concrete cured in
water and MgSO4
BLA0
BLA5
BLA10
BLA15
Description Compressive Strength In (N/Mm2
)
water 0.5% MgSO4 1.5% MgSO4 2.5% MgSO4
BLA0 21.64 15.46 15.29 14.68
BLA5
15.60
15.91 15.63 16.22
BLA10
16.98
17.08 17.28 19.88
BLA15
12.93
14.35 12.54 13.37
Description Compressive Strength In (N/Mm2
)
water 0.5%CaSO4 1.5%CaSO4 2.5%CaSO4
BLA0 23.64 21.78 22.64 23.12
BLA5 18.69 15.23 18.03 17.84
BLA10 20.98 18.71 18.65 19.35
BLA15 15.93 15.06 14.21 15.24
6. Behaviour of Bamboo Leaf Ash Blended Cement Concrete in Sulphates Environment
International organization of Scientific Research 6 | P a g e
Table 5.4: Compressive Strength of BLA blended Cement Concrete Cured in water and 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5%
Solution of Na2SO4 at 28 days of hydration.
BLA0, BLA5, BLA10 and BLA15 are; 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% Bamboo Leaf Ash replacements
The result above indicates OPC/BLA blended cement concrete at 10% replacement performed better in Na2SO4
solution over that of OPC concrete cured in the same medium solution. The OPC concrete in Na2SO4 solution
shows sign of strength loss from 23.64 to 21.82.
Figure 5.0: Compressive strength of samples in water and Na2SO4 at 28 day hydration period.
0
5
10
15
20
25
water 0.5%CaSO4 1.5%CaSO4 2.5%CaSO4
CompressiveStrengthinN/mm2 Compressive Strength of BLA blended cement concrete in H2O and
CaSO4
BLA0
BLA5
BLA10
BLA15
0
5
10
15
20
25
water 0.5%Na2SO4 1.5% Na2SO4 2.5% Na2SO4
CompressiveStrengthinN/mm2
Compressive Strength of BLA blended cement concrete in H2O and
Na2SO4
BLA0
BLA5
BLA10
BLA15
Description Compressive Strength In (N/Mm2
)
water 0.5%Na2SO4 1.5% Na2SO4 2.5% Na2SO4
BLA0 23.64 20.80 21.03 21.82
BLA5 18.69 14.52 17.10 17.96
BLA10 20.98 19.43 20.52 22.22
BLA15 15.93 16.61 17.93 19.14
7. Behaviour of Bamboo Leaf Ash Blended Cement Concrete in Sulphates Environment
International organization of Scientific Research 7 | P a g e
Table 5.5: Compressive Strength of BLA blended Cement Concrete Cured in water and 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5%
Solution of MgSO4 at 28 days of hydration.
BLA0, BLA5, BLA10 and BLA15 are; 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% Bamboo Leaf Ash replacements
The result in table 5.5 above shows loss in compressive strength of OPC and 5% BLA replacement concrete
cured in MgSO4 solution over the concrete cured in water at the age of 28 days hydration. While the concrete
with BLA blended cement concrete increases in its compressive strength with reasonable value, especially at
10% BLA replacement.
Figure 6.0: Compressive strength of samples in water and MgSO4 at 28th day
IV. CONCLUSION
From the result of the tests and analysis carried out, the following conclusions were drawn:
The Bamboo leaf Ash blended cement concrete haven proven resistance to magnesium sulphate, sodium
sulphate and calcium sulphate media and would perform better in soils containing these media (MgSO4,
Na2SO4, CaSO4.).
OPC has the higher specific gravity than that of BLA, and this is responsible for the decrease in slump
value obtained as the percentage of BLA replacement increases.
The compressive strength value of the BLA/OPC blended concrete up to 10% replacement level performed
better and would be acceptable and considered as a good development for construction of masonry walls
and other construction activities in any sulphate environment.
REFERENCES
[1] Olutoge F.A, Buari T.A and Adeleke J.S (2013) “Characteristics Strength and Durability of Groundnut
Shell Ash (GSA) Blended Cement Concrete in Sulphates Environment” International Journal of Scientific
Engineering Research (IJSER) volume4, issue7
[2] Ogundipe T.M (2014) “Durability of Bamboo Leaf Ash Blended Cement Concrete in Sulphate
Environment”, Unpublished M.Sc. thesis in the department of civil engineering, University of Ibadan,
Nigeria.
0
5
10
15
20
25
water 0.5% MgSO4 1.5% MgSO4 2.5% MgSO4
CompressiveStrengthinN/mm2
Compressive Strength of BLA blended cement concrete in H2O and
MgSO4
BLA0
BLA5
BLA10
BLA15
Description Compressive Strength In (N/Mm2
)
water 0.5% MgSO4 1.5% MgSO4 2.5% MgSO4
BLA0 23.64 19.20 17.15 17.09
BLA5 18.69 17.03 16.22 15.54
BLA10 20.98 18.98 19.48 21.46
BLA15 15.93 17.21 15.16 15.24
8. Behaviour of Bamboo Leaf Ash Blended Cement Concrete in Sulphates Environment
International organization of Scientific Research 8 | P a g e
[3] Almesfer, N., Haigh, C., andIngham, J. (2012). Waste paint as an admixture in concrete. Cement and
Concrete Composites, 34(5), 627-633.
[4] Ismail, Z. Z., andAl-Hashmi, E. A. (2011). Assessing the recycling potential of industrial wastewater to
replace fresh water in concrete mixes: application of polyvinyl acetate resin wastewater. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 19(2–3), 197-203.
[5] Juenger, M. C. G., Winnefeld, F., J.L. Provis and Ideker, J. H. (2011). Advances in alternative
cementitious binders. Cement and Concrete Research. 41(12), 1232-1243.
[6] Schneider, M., Romer, M., Tschudin, M. and Bolio, H. (2011). Sustainable cement production--present
and future. Cement and Concrete Research. 41(7), 642-650.
[7] Akaninyene A. and Olusola K.O, (2012), “Effect of Different Sulphate Types and Concentrations on
Compressive Strength of Periwinkle Shell Ash Blended Cement Concrete” International Journal of
Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol: 12
[8] Malhotra, V. M., & Mehta, P. K. (2004).Pozzolanic and Cementitious Materials. London:
[9] Prasad, J., Jain, D.K. and Ahuja, A.K. (2006) “Factors Influencing the Sulphate Resistance of Cement
Concrete and Mortar”, Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing), 7 (3), 259-268.
[10] B.A. Alabadan, C. F. Njoku and M. O. Yusuf (2006) “The Potentials of Groundnut Shell Ash as
Concrete Admixture”. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR E journal. Manuscript BC 05
012, Vol.VIII. February, 2006.
[11] ASTM C191 (1992). Test for Time Setting of Hydraulic Cement. America Standard of Testing Material
International 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa 19103, USA
[12] Buari T.A, Ademola S.A and Ayegbokiki S.T (2013) ”Characteristics Strength of groundnut shell ash
(GSA) and Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) blended Concrete in Nigeria”, International Organization of
Scientific Research (IOSR) Volume 3, Issue 7, july-2013.
[13] Kamang et’al, (2001), The Effects of Chemicals on the Properties of OPC/PFA Concrete. Nigerian
Journal of construction Technology and Management 4 (1).