project on GGBS replace with CEMENT and check the strength of cement concrete and GGBS cement concrete on M20 grade. we also check price of cement concrete and GGBS cement concrete.

1. Presented by:
Guided by:
A LABORATORY STUDY OF CONCRETE MIX
USING “GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE
SLAG”.
BALAR RAJ GAMIT DIVYESH
BATHWAR SAGAR GANDHI RAJ
DALAL JAY GANGANI SAGAR
DESAI JASH KANZARIYA NIKHIL
GAMIT ASHISH MODI KARAN
MISS BHAVINA N. PANDYA
B.V. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (D.S.) UMRAKH

2. 1. CONTENTS
• Contents
• Aims & objective
• Introduction
• GGBS & fly Ash
• What is GGBS?
• GGBS properties
• Benefits of GGBS
• Points to be noted
• Review of literature
• Experimental Program
• Result Analysis
• Discussion of Result
• Conclusion and Future work
• Reference
• Photographs of Project

3. 2. AIMS & OBJECTIVE
Aims...
• Evaluate different properties of GGBS concrete and compare it with conventional
concrete.
• Achieve optimum strength of concrete by using GGBS.
• To produce ecofriendly concrete mix.
Objective...
• Make compression of GGBS concrete with conventional concrete
Scope of Study…
• The purpose of this project was to evaluate the strength of normal concrete with
using of GGBS in different percentage likely 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%
respectively.
• The compression was made between GGBS concrete and conventional concrete
for different days likely 7 and 28 days.

4. The concrete construction industry is not sustainable due to one or other
reason.
1. It consumes huge quantities of materials.
2. The principal binder in concrete is Portland cement, the production is a major
contributor to greenhouse gas emissions that are implicated in global warming and
climate change.
3. Many concrete structures suffer from lack of durability & strength. Use of waste
material like fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated furnace slag to partialy replace
cementing material concrete.
3. INTRODUCTION

5. • Fly Ash is the finely divided mineral residue resulting from the combustion of
powdered coal in electric generating plants.
• GGBS is obtained by quenching molten iron blast furnace slag in water or stream,
to produce a glassy granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine
powder.
4. GGBS vs. FLY ASH
Difference in source

6. Consistency
• Slag is the co-product of a controlled process, iron production, which results in a
very uniform composition from source to source.
• Fly ash is a byproduct of electric power generation that varies from source to
source.
Permitted replacement ratio
• The permitted replacement ratio of Fly Ash in OPC is 15-35% (IS 1489 Part-1),
but it’s usually no more than 30% in concrete.
• On the other hand, the permitted replacement ratio of GGBS in OPC or concrete
is 25-70% (IS 455).

7. o Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a by-product from the blast-
furnaces used to make iron. These operate at a temperature of about 1,500
degrees centigrade and are fed with a carefully controlled mixture of iron-ore,
coke and limestone.
o This ore is periodically tapped off as a molten liquid and it is to be used for the
manufacture of GGBS
o GGBS has to be rapidly quenched
in large volumes of water. The
quenching optimizes the cementations
properties and produces granules
similar to coarse sand.
5. WHAT IS GGBS ?

8. Mizen Head Bridge
Cathleen falls Bridge

9. 6. GGBS PROPERTIES
Physical Properties
Colour Off white
Specific gravity 2.9
Bulk density 1200 kg/mᶾ
Fineness >350m2/kg
Chemical Properties
Calcium oxide 40%
Silica 35%
Alumina 13%
Magnesia 8%

10. Composition Comparison Portland cement to GGBS
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Portland Cement
GBBS

11. APPLICATION…
• GGBS is used to make durable concrete structures in combination with ordinary
Portland cement and or other pozzolanic materials. GGBS has been widely used in
Europe, and increasingly in the United States and in Asia (particularly in Japan and
Singapore) for its superiority in concrete durability, extending the lifespan of
buildings from fifty years to a hundred years….
• Two major uses of GGBS are in the production of quality-improved slag cement,
namely Portland Blast furnace cement (PBFC) and high-slag blast-furnace cement
(HSBFC), with GGBS content ranging typically from 30 to 70%; and in the
production of ready-mixed or site-batched durable concrete.
• This results in lower heat of hydration and lower temperature rises, and makes
avoiding cold joints easier, but may also affect construction schedules where quick
setting is required….

12. 7. BENEFITS OF GGBS
Best durability (longer life)
• Factor of safety
• Reduce lifetime maintenance cost
Best sustainable material
• Reduces CO2 emissions.
• Reduces heat of hydration.
• Reduces thermal cracking
Best Architectural
• Whiter, brighter concrete
Money purpose
• Economical

13. • Concrete made with GGBS cement sets more slowly then concrete made with
ordinary Portland cement, depending on the amount of GGBS in the cementations
material, but also continues to gain strength over a long period in production
condition
• Results in lower heat of hydration and lower temperature rise, and makes avoiding
cold joints easier, but also effect construction schedules where, quick setting is
required
• Significantly reduces the risk of damages caused by alkali-silica reaction (ASR).
• Provides higher resistance to chloride increase reducing the ingress-reducing the
risk of reinforcement corrosion.
• Provides higher resistance to attacks by sulphate and other chemicals
8. POINTS TO BE NOTTED!

14. 9. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Name Of The Paper GGBS As Partial Replacement Of OPC In Cement Concrete –
An Experimental Study by Dr. Arun Kumar Dwivedi, Yogendra
O. Patil (IJSR - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH)
Conclusion Of Paper • This Paper Presents An Experimental Study Of Compressive
And Flexural Strength Of Concrete Prepared With Ordinary
Portland Cement, Partially Replaced By Ground Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag In Different Proportions Varying From 0%
To 40%.
• The Strength Of Concrete Is Inversely Proportional To The %
Of Replacement Of Cement With Ground Granulated Blast
Furnace Slag.

15. Name of paper Influence of GGBS and Eco Sand in Green Concrete by M.Prabu1, S.Logeswaran2, Dr.
Sunilaa George. (International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology)
Conclusion of
paper
• In this paper, GGBS & ECO SAND has been chemically and physically characterized
and used as partial replacement in the ratio of 0%, 10%,
• 20%, 30% and 40% by weight of cement and sand in concrete.
• Fresh concrete tests like compaction factor test and slump cone test were undertaken as
well as hardened concrete tests like Compressive strength, Split Tensile strength,
Flexural strength and Modulus of elasticity at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days has been
done for M20 grade of concrete.
• The degree of workability of concrete improved with addition of GGBS in concrete up
to 30% replacement level for M20 grade concrete.
• The strength differential between the GGBS concrete specimens and plain Cement
concrete specimens became more distinct after 28 days.
• It is observed that the compressive strength and the flexural strength of concrete can be
improved by replacement with GGBS & Eco sand for cement and fine aggregate.
• The optimum percentage of replacement of GGBS by cement is 30% and eco sand by
fine aggregate is 20%.

16. Name of paper EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON GROUND GRANULATED BLAST
FURNACE SLAG IN CONCRETE by Mr. Amit Gavali, Mrs. Sneha Sawant,
Mr. Mithun Sawant (IMPERIAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY
RESEARCH (IJIR) )
Conclusion of
paper
• In this paper mix proportion was done like partial replacement such as 40 %
& 60% of GGBS and OPC.
• To prepare the concrete specimens such as cube for compressive strength for
flexural strength and also cubes for durability studies in laboratory with 0%
10% 20% & 30% replacement of f GGBS with OPC M40 grade concrete.
• To evaluate the characteristics of concrete such as compressive strength &
flexural strength.
• With M40 grade of concrete the compressive strength increases with
increment of cement is replaced by GGBS.
• At 40% replacement of cement by GGBS the concrete attained maximum
compressive strength for M40 grade of concrete.
• There is increase in flexural strength when cement is replaced with GGBS.
The flexural strength was maximum at 40% replacement of GGBS.

17. Name of
paper
DEVELOPMENT AND STUDY OF BEHAVIOR OF SELF-COMPACTING
CONCRETE USING GGBS by Darshan H R, & M.Rame Gowda
(International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science )
Conclusion of
paper
• This paper presents an experimental investigation on strength aspects like
compressive, flexural and split tensile strength and the workability tests.
• It is found that 30% of GGBS can be effectively used in cement for making the
M30 grade concrete.
• The comparison of 7 and 28 days compressive as well as split tensile strength
for various water cement ratio.
• There is an increase in the strength of SCC when the cement is replaced by
GGBS up to 30%.
• It is seen that density is directly proportional to strength, as the density
increases, strength increases whereas the density decreases, strength also
decreases.

18. 10. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
GENERAL
Normal Concrete Grade considered for Study
M20
Percentage of GGBS Replacement for M20 Grade of Concrete
20% by mass of the cementing material
25% by mass of the cementing material
30% by mass of the cementing material
35% by mass of the cementing material
40% by mass of the cementing material
Percentage of GGBS Adding for M20 Grade of Concrete
2.5% by mass of the cementing material
5% by mass of the cementing material
7.5% by mass of the cementing material

19. Sr.
No.
Description Normal
Concrete
kg/cum
20%
Replacement
by GGBS
Kg/cum
25%
Replacement
by GGBS
Kg/cum
30%
Replaceme
nt by
GGBS
Kg/cum
35%
Replacement
by GGBS
Kg/cum
40%
Replacement
by GGBS
Kg/cum
1 Cement 9.250 7.400 6.937 6.475 6.012 5.550
2 GGBS - 1.850 2.312 2.775 3.237 3.700
3 FA 13.800 13.800 13.800 13.800 13.800 13.800
4 CA 27.750 27.750 27.750 27.750 27.750 27.750
5 W/C ratio 4.070 4.070 4.070 4.070 4.070 4.070
Concrete Ingredient per Cubic meter of Concrete…
Grade M20 with 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, & 40%
Cement Replacement

20. Sr.
No.
Description Normal
Concrete
kg/cum
2.5%
Adding by
GGBS
Kg/cum
5% Add by
GGBS
Kg/cum
7.5% Add by GGBS Kg/cum
1 Cement 9.250 9.700 10.150 10.600
2 GGBS - 0.231 0.462 0.900
3 FA 13.800 13.800 13.800 13.800
4 CA 27.750 27.750 27.750 27.750
5 W/C ratio 4.070 4.070 4.075 4.070
Grade M20 with 2.5%,5%,7.5% Cement Adding

21. PROCEDURE…
• Mobilization
• Prepare the concrete mix M20 by taking and mixing cement, fine aggregate and course
aggregate according to the proportion normal cement concrete (N.C.M)
• We replaced, different % (20% to 40%) of slag with the cement weight.
• We added, different % (2.5% , 5% , 7.5%) of slag with the cement weight.
• Oil the mould (150×150×150 mm) on the inner side and fill the grease on joints, so make
it leak proof and fill the concrete in three layers, compacting each layer with 25 blows by
tamping rod.
• Place the filled mould on vibrating table as to remove air voids.
• Keep filled mould at room temperature for 24 hours.
• Remove the cubes and immerse the cubes for required period or curing tank.
• Take the three cubes for testing in compressive testing machine for each and every
different time period.
• Calculation the average compressive strength of cubes after each and every time period.

22. 11. RESULT ANALYSIS
RESULT ANALYSIS OF INGREDIENTS
CEMENT
Sr. No Test Result I.S. Requirements
(I.S. 12269-1987)
1 Consistency 34% -
2 Setting Time - -
Initial Setting time 110 minutes Shall not be less than 30 minutes
Final setting time 230 minutes Shall not be more than 600
minutes
3 Soundness test
(Le Chatlier)
2 mm Expansion shall be less than 10
mm
4 Compressive Strength - -
7-Days 38.13 N/mm2 Shall not be less than 37 N/mm2
28-Days 54.89 N/mm2 Shall not be less than 53 N/mm2
5 Fineness (Blain’s) 2395 cm2/gm Specific Surface shall be > 2250
cm2/gm
Material: OPC 53 Grade Cement, (Binani cement)
Reference Code: I.S. 4031, I.S.12269-1987

23. IS sieve
Size
Weight
retained in
gm
% Weight
Retained
Cumulative
% Of
weight
retained
Cumulative
%
passing
10 mm -- -- -- --
4.75mm 28 2.8 2.8 97.2
2.36mm 118 11.8 14.6 85.4
1.18mm 267 26.7 41.3 58.7
600micron 296 29.6 70.9 29.1
300micron 152 15.2 86.1 13.9
150micron 139 13.9 100 00
Pan -- -- -- --
TOTAL 1000gm 100% 315.7 --
Sand
Material: Fine aggregate sample
Source: Tapi basin in south Gujarat region
Reference Code: I.S. 2386

24. Aggregate
Material: 10-20 mm coarse aggregate sample,
Source: Quarry crushed aggregate
Reference Code: I.S. 2386, I.S. 383 & I.S. 2430
TEST Kaptchi As per I.S. 383 Requirement
1) Gradation
IS Sieves
25 mm
20 mm
12.5 mm
10 mm
4.75 mm
2.36 mm
Cum. -
% Passing -
100 -
88 -
35 -
12 -
NIL -
- -
2) Crushing Value (%) 30.46 45% Max.
3) Sp. Gravity 2.82 2.5 to 3.0
4) Flakiness Index 13.7 25% Max.

25. RESULT ANALYSIS
Here test perform under compression testing machine. The results are as below…
SR. NO. INDEN.
NO
GRADE CEMENT GGBS STRENGTH
(DAYS)
N/MM2
7 28
1 NC M20 100% - 12.62 21.37
2 GGBS M20
80% 20% 10.98 20.72
75% 25% 10.13 20.06
70% 30% 9.67 19.89
65% 35% 9.10 19.36
60% 40% 8.48 18.32
Result Analysis of Replacement

26. SR. NO. INDEN.
NO
GRADE CEMENT GGBS STRENGTH
(DAYS)
N/MM2
7 28
1 NC M20 100% - 12.62 21.37
2 GGBS M20
100% 2.5% 15.58 24.08
100% 5% 17.54 30.07
100% 7.5% 13.09 18.10
Result Analysis of Adding

27. 12. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
As per the chart it is clear that for 7th day’s & 28th day’s strength of GGBS will obtain
Less strength as compare to the strength of normal concrete.
12.62
10.98
10.13 9.67
9.1
8.48
21.37
20.72
20.06 19.89
19.36
18.32
0
5
10
15
20
25
100% opc 80% opc
20% ggbs
75% opc
25% ggbs
70% opc
30% ggbs
65% opc
35% ggbs
60% opc
40% ggbs
7 Days
28 Days
Result Analysis of Replacement

28. As per the chart it is clear that for 7th day’s & 28th day’s strength of GGBS will obtain
less strength as compare to the strength of normal concrete
Result Analysis of Adding
12.62
15.58
17.54
13.09
21.37
24.08
30.04
18.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
100% opc 100% opc 2.5%
ggbs
100% opc 5% ggbs 100% opc 7.5%
ggbs
7 days
28 days

29. Price comparison with Normal Concrete
Price Comparisons
18.24
17.5
17.6
18.84
18.94
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
conc. Mortar 20% ggbs
replacement motar
25% ggbs
replacement
mortar
2.5% ggbs adding
mortar
5% ggbs adding
mortar
price

30. 13. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS
Conclusions
For replacement:-
• While using different % (20% to 40%) of slag as a replacement of cement the
strength will gain lesser then the NC of 7days result.
• But while replacement With 25% GGBS the strength of 28days rise nearer to NC.
• Also if we used admixture with the combination of 35% replacement then it may be
give strength as same as NC.

31. For adding:-
• While using slag as a additional with different % like 2.5%, 5%, the strength will
gain higher as the higher % of slag has been added.
• With adding of 5% slag the 7th days results gain higher compare to NC.
• And also the strength gain higher for the 28th days with same additional of slag.
So, Finally we can say that while adding of slag to the NC the alternative % was 5%
and while replacement of cement with slag the appropriate % is 25 % for optimum
strength as well as nearer to NC strength.

32. FUTURE WORK
1) Compression between different grade like M15, M25, M30 also be performed.
2) Adding and replacement in concrete can also be checked in
its durability.
3) Also, different type of fibers can be used as a secondary
improving material.

33. 14. REFERENCES
1) IS-12269:1987, “OPC grade 53”, bureau of Indian standards.
2) Dr. Arun Kumar Dwivedi, Yogendra O. Patil, GGBS as Partial Replacement of
OPC in Cement Concrete – An Experimental Study, IJSR - International Journal of
Scientific Research.
3) Yogendra O. Patil, P.N. Patil and Arun Kumar Dwivedi, Vol. 2 November
(2013),IJSR – International Journal of Scientific Research.
4) M.C.Nataraja (2013), Vol. 6 June (2015), Influence of GGBS and Eco Sand in
Green Concrete, IJIRSET – International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Ecology.
5) Mr. Amit Gavali, Mrs. Sneha Sawant and Mr. Mithun Sawant, Vol. 2, 2016,
Experimental Study on Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in concrete, Imperial
Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR).

34. 6) S. Arivalagan, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2014, Sustainable Study on Concrete with GGBS As
Replacement Material in Cement, Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering (JJCE).
7) Mr. Ankit J. Patel, Mr. Sandeep P. Patel and Mr. Harsh Patel, Vol. 1, December
2014, Literature Review on Different Waste Materials Use in Concrete, Journal of
Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR).
8) Sujata D. Nandagawali, Vol. 3, July 2013, Study of Blast Furnace Slag for
Improving Mechanical Property of Concrete, International Journal of Engineering
Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT).

35. 15. PHOTOGRAPH OF PROJECT