GGBS ANF FLY ASH EFFECTS ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT CONCRETE

1. Employment Orientation Programme
GGBS And Fly Ash Effects on Compressive Strength
by PartialReplacement of Cement Concrete
Presenting by:
Ch Manohar Babu,
231FB15001,
M.Tech – Structural Engg,
Department of Civil Engineering.

2. Content
• Objectives
• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Testing
• Experimental Investigation
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusions
• References

3. Objectives
• Replacement of cement is carried out with waste materialsby using GGBS and Fly Ash.
• Replaced concrete were tested with the slump, compaction factor and compressive strength.
• The aim of this research is to examine the effects on fresh and hardened state when addition of blast furnace
slag and Fly Ash in concrete with cement.
• To determine the compressive strength properties of concrete with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
(GGBS) and Fly Ash in concrete by partial replacement of cement.

4. Introduction
• The growing use of cement made concrete in building projects and subsequent emission of harmful gases into
the atmosphere causesa significant rise in earth’s temperature.
• According to an estimate, around 6–8% of the total CO2 globally emitted comes from ordinary cement
production.
• Keeping in view eco-friendly approaches and utilization of industrial solid waste or by-product materials as
replacement of cement has been considered because it shares less amount of consumption of natural resources.
• In this case, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and Fly Ash commonly used supplementary
cementitious because of their pozzolanic properties.
• The aim of this research is to examine the effects on fresh and hardened state when addition of blast furnace
slag and Fly Ash in concrete with cement and the determination of concrete workability and compressive
resistance at varied curing days that reduces the expenditure cost incurring than conceding the concrete
strength.

5. Materials and Methods
Constituent Material
• Concrete is mainly a mixer of materials composed of water aggregate and cement. Aggregates, Fine and
Coarse combined occupy about 70% voids in a specified mass of concrete and residual 30% voids are occupied
by water.
• Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) GGBS and Fly Ash were used in various proportions
described under:
• Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS): Ground granulated blast-furnace slag is obtained by
quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular by- product of
the steel industry.
• Fly Ash: fly ash is a fine powder consisting mostly of spherical glassy particles that are produced as a
byproduct in coal combustion processes.
• Fine and Coarse Aggregates: Fine aggregates consist of natural sand or crushed stone with particle sizes
smaller than 4.75 mm. Coarse aggregates consist of natural or crushed stones with particle sizes greater than
4.75 mm.

6. Testing
Sieve Analysis:
• For sieve analysis, we go through different sieves as standardized by the IS: 2386 (Part 1)-1963 (80mm, 63mm,
50mm, 40mm, 31.5mm, 25mm, 20mm, 16mm, 12.5mm, 10mm, 6.3mm, 4.75 mm, 3.35mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm,
600µm, 300µm, 150µm and75µm) by passing aggregates through them and thus collected different size particles left
over on different sieves.
Workability:
• The workability of concrete indicates the conditions through which the concrete is handled, transported and placed
between the forms with minimum loss of homogeneity.
• Various tests of workability of concrete at construction sites such as slump, compaction factor were determined.
Compressive Strength:
• For this test, cubic moulds of 15cm x 15cm x 15cm size in grade 25 ratios were used.
• Compaction was achieved viatable vibrator of the hand filled concrete cubes for the compaction.
• After 24 hours the specimens were demolded and subsequently placed water tank basin for different ages for curing.

7. Experimental Investigation
Casting and Curing of Control Specimen
• At each mix three cubes of 15×15×15 cm in size
were casted in a moulds on each partial per cent
GGBS and Fly Ash.
• Each caste specimens were kept in temperature
250C for 24 Hours and 60 to 70% humidity
maintained. After 24 hours period demolded and
placed in water for curing.
• Cubes were investigated for further tests after
curing for various ages of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days as
shown in Fig.
Fig. Compressive strength testing of samples

8. Properties and Mix Proportions
Mix Design Proportions
Physical and Chemical Properties of OPC, GGBS
and Fly Ash

9. Results and Discussion
Workability
Slump
• The spherical particles of Fly Ash caused to deplete the internal
friction between the ingredients of concrete that likely influence a
considerable fluidity of mix concrete.
• The Compression Squeeze Flow SF1, SF2 and SF8 lose the
workability collapse to lowest slump of 80, 85 and 75 mm. This
may be attributed to the weight of slag affect the slump.
Slump of different mix proportion of
GGBS and Fly Ash

10. Results and Discussion
Compaction Factor
• The compaction factor degree measured by the density ratio and allmixed ratio indicated well in medium state
except one SF4 mix state showed high in compaction factor ratio.
Fig. Compaction Factor of Different Mix Proportion of GGBS and Fly Ash

11. Results and Discussion
Compressive Strength
• The compressive strength of GGBS and Fly Ash were determined at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days.
• The compressive strength has clearly shown improvement as the curing days gradually increased from SF1 to
SF9 than the control one (OPC) as shown in Table
Average Compressive Strength
Compressive Strength on Different Ages with Mix
Proportion

12. Conclusion
The following observations and conclusions were drawn based on the results obtained from the investigation
ofGround Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Fly Ash as a partial replacement of cement in concrete.
 The workability of concrete tends to increase initially with increasing replacement percentage up to an
optimumlimit, but then decreases partially.
 GGBS and Fly Ash content increases the workability reduces at the same water containing and w/c.
 The optimum workability was observed at replacement percentage of 15% as compared to control one
thatachieved 30%.
 The concrete specimens with 30% replacement of cement with GGBS and Fly Ash SF9 obtained the
highestcompressive strength 33.45 MPA than the control one SF0.
 The partial replacement of cement with GGBS and Fly Ash in concrete gradually increases the
compressivestrength as percentage of replacement raised.

13. References
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al. “Effect of Steel Fibres on the Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete.” International Journal of
ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 5, no. 10 (October 2018): 16–21. doi:10.21833/ijaas.2018.10.003.
2. Sandhu, A.R., Lakhiar, M.T., Jhatial, A.A., Karira, H. and Jamali, Q.B. “Effect of River Indus Sand and
Recycled Concrete Aggregates as Fine and Coarse Replacement on Properties of Concrete”, Engineering,
Technology & Applied Science Researchvol. 9, no. 1, (2019), 3832 – 3835.
3. Kajaste, Raili, and Markku Hurme. “Cement Industry Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Management Options
and Abatement Cost.” Journal of Cleaner Production 112 (January 2016): 4041–4052. doi:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.055.
4. O’Rourke, Brian, Ciaran McNally, and Mark G. Richardson. “Development of Calcium sulfate–ggbs–
Portland Cement Binders.” Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 1 (January 2009): 340–346. doi:
10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.11.016.