This document summarizes a study on the effects of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) on the geotechnical properties of black cotton soil. The study involved testing black cotton soil mixed with varying percentages of GGBS. Tests showed that adding GGBS increased the maximum dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content of the soil. It also significantly reduced swelling, and increased the unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio of the soil. Using 30% GGBS improved the engineering properties of the black cotton soil to meet specifications. Therefore, GGBS can effectively stabilize black cotton soil.
High volume fly ash concrete is a concrete where a replacement of about 35% or more of cement is made with the usage of fly ash.
Fly ash concrete is an eco-friendly construction material in which fly ash replaces a part of Portland cement.
High volume fly ash concrete is a concrete where a replacement of about 35% or more of cement is made with the usage of fly ash.
Fly ash concrete is an eco-friendly construction material in which fly ash replaces a part of Portland cement.
GGBS are added from 0% to 40% by dry weight of soil, first of all check the all
soil property at 0 % (no GGBS) and then compare after addition of GGBS from 10% to 40%. On
the basis of Standard Proctor test & Unconfined Compressive Strength test the optimum
percentage of GGBS is 10%. Investigations showed that generally the engineering properties
which improved with the addition of GGBS. The California bearing ratio of soil increases as the
percentage of GGBS replaced in increase.
introduction to soil stabilization and introduction to geo textiles and synth...husna004
Stabilization is the process of blending and mixing materials with a soil to improve certain properties of the soil. The process may include the blending of soils to achieve a desired gradation or the mixing of commercially available additives that may alter the gradation, texture or plasticity, or act as a binder for cementation of the soil.
The geopolymer cement is formed by polymerization process which involves the reaction between an aluminosilicate source material such as fly-ash, GGBS, etc. with an alkaline activator solutions.
GGBS are added from 0% to 40% by dry weight of soil, first of all check the all
soil property at 0 % (no GGBS) and then compare after addition of GGBS from 10% to 40%. On
the basis of Standard Proctor test & Unconfined Compressive Strength test the optimum
percentage of GGBS is 10%. Investigations showed that generally the engineering properties
which improved with the addition of GGBS. The California bearing ratio of soil increases as the
percentage of GGBS replaced in increase.
introduction to soil stabilization and introduction to geo textiles and synth...husna004
Stabilization is the process of blending and mixing materials with a soil to improve certain properties of the soil. The process may include the blending of soils to achieve a desired gradation or the mixing of commercially available additives that may alter the gradation, texture or plasticity, or act as a binder for cementation of the soil.
The geopolymer cement is formed by polymerization process which involves the reaction between an aluminosilicate source material such as fly-ash, GGBS, etc. with an alkaline activator solutions.
Benefits of using GGBS cement in large concrete poursDavidOFlynn
This presentation explains the benefits of using GGBS cement in reducing the risk of thermal cracking, particularly in relation to wind turbine foundations
Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Flyash and GGBSijsrd.com
This paper presents a laboratory investigation on optimum level of Fly ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement of cement to study the strength characteristics of concrete. Portland cement was partially replaced by 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10% of GGBS and Fly ash by 20%, 40%, 60% respectively. The water to cementations materials ratio was maintained at 0.45 for all mixes. The strength characteristics of the concrete were evaluated by conducting Compressive strength test, Splitting Tensile strength test and Flexural strength test. The compression strength test were conducted for 7days and 28days of curing and split tensile strength test and flexural strength test were conducted for 28days of curing on a M25 grade concrete. The mix proportion M25 was found to be 1:1.36:2.71.The test results proved that the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete mixtures containing GGBS and Fly ash increases as the amount of GGBS and Fly ash increase. After an optimum point, at around 9% of GGBS and 40% of Fly ash of the total binder content, the further addition of GGBS and fly ash does not improve the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength.
basic knowledge about performance and characteristics of fly ash based concrete. this was my first presentation....so hard core civil engineers might consider me a layman!... anyway its a good way to start knowing gist and basics.
Stabilization of soft soil with granulated blast furnace slag and fly asheSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
STABILIZATION OF BLACK COTTON SOIL WITH SAND AND CEMENT AS A SUBGRADE PAVEMENTIAEME Publication
The present work is done in stabilizing the black cotton soil by using cement and sand. the tests conducted for this work were atterberg limits, specific gravity , standard proctor test , unconfined compression test , California bearing ratio.
All construction should rest on the soil. So, the soil bearing capacity plays a vital role in constructions. All soils will not have good strength and bearing capacity. So there is a need to increase the soil strength and bearing capacity. The black cotton soils pose many problems in construction. So in this present work, the black soil collected from chintakommadinne mandal has been stabilized by using sand and cement.
Stabilization Analysis of Black Cotton Soil by using Groundnut Shell AshKrunal Thanki
Black Cotton soil is fertile and very good for agriculture, horticulture, sericulture and aquaculture. Though black cotton soils are very good for agricultural purposes, they are not so good for laying durable roads.The study is a potential stabilization of black cotton soils in Gujarat state using Groundnut Shell ash. Index properties of the natural soil showed that, the soil is a poor for engineering use. Liquid limit and Plasticity index values of 83.36 % and 89.32 % respectively for the natural soil suggest that the soil is highly plastic. There was gradual decrease in the free swell to a minimum value of 2.91% at 10% GSA (Groundnut Shell Ash) as compared to the natural value of 15.25%. The soaked CBR for the natural soil is 1.67% which increased to 2.17% at 10% GSA. This value fell short of specification requirement of the CBR value to be used as sub-base or base material. However, there was increase in strength for UCS of 21 days curing period from a value of 134kN/m2 as compared to 313kN/m2 for the unstabilized soil. This research is aimed at evaluating the possibility of utilizing groundnut shell ash (GSA) in the stabilization of black cotton soils.
Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil with Lime and Geo-gridAM Publications
Bricks also have been regarded as one of the long lasting and strongest building material used throughout
history. Ordinary building blocks are made of a mixture of clay, which is subjected to various processes, different
according to the nature of the material, after being properly prepared the clay is formed in moulds to the desired
shape, then dried and burnt. The providing affordable housing is a challenge around the world, especially in
developing countries. The impediments to solving the housing problem are scarcity of land and high cost of building
materials. Furthermore, such materials must be abundantly available and renewable in nature. Local soil has always
been the most widely used material for earthen construction. The main objective of this investigation had been
focused on the improvement of the compressive strength of the black cotton soil blocks with different content of lime
by reinforcing the geo-grid. The rectangular (200mm × 100mm × 100mm) blocks are prepared with soil treated with
5%, 10% and 15% lime with the geo-grid reinforcement at the middle depth of the blocks, the compressive strength of
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Effect of geopolymer on the strength of black cotton soileSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents in the improvement of problematic soils in a environmental friendly method. The present paper geopolymer to stabilize a soft soil. Geopolymer is an alkali activated solution prepared by combining sodium hydroxide(NaOH) with the sodium silicate solution(Na2SiO3). The sodium hydroxide solution is prepared to 12M concentration and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 2.5. The geopolymer increases the strength of the black cotton soil by geopolymerisation. The geopolymerisation process involves three separate but interrelated stages. During initial mixing the alkaline solution dissolves silicon and aluminium ions from the amorphous phases of the feedstock. In this solution, neighboring silicon or aluminium hydroxide molecules then undergo a condensation reaction, where adjacent hydroxyl ions from these near neighbors condense to form an oxygen bond linking the molecules and a free molecule of water. The application of mild heat causes these “monomers” and other silicon and aluminium hydroxide molecules to poly-condense or polymerise, to form rigid chains or nets of oxygen bonded tetrahedra. In the present study geopolymer is treated with the black cotton soil. The effect of geopolymer on strength characteristic of Black cotton soil have been studied for a curing period of 7days 15days and 28days. The compressive strength of black cotton soil increases with geopolymer dosage and curing.. The density of black cotton soil also increases with the increase in geopolymer. The test result indicates that geopolymer is very effective in stabilizing the soft soil. An attempt has been made to study the properties of soil treated with geopolymer Key words : Geopolymer, Black cotton soil, polycondensation reaction.
Stabilization of soft soil with granulated blast furnace slag and fly asheSAT Journals
Abstract Utilization of industrial waste materials in the improvement of problematic soils is a cost efficient and environmental friendly method. It helps in reducing disposal problems caused by the various industrial wastes. However, it is essential to understand the performance of these waste products prior to use. The present paper evaluated the potential of granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) with fly ash to stabilize a soft soil. Soft soil samples were collected from Tatibandh-Atari, rural road of Raipur, Chhattisgarh. This soil was classified as CI-MI as per Indian Standard Classification system (ISCS). Different amounts of GBS, i.e. 3, 6, and 9% with different amount of fly ash i.e 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% were used to stabilize the soft soil. The performance of GBS with fly ash modified soils was evaluated using compaction and california bearing ratio (CBR) test. Based on these performance tests, optimum amount of GBS with fly ash was determined as 3% fly ash + 6% GBS. Reasonable improvement has been observed for unsoaked and soaked CBR value of soils with this optimum amount. Index Terms: Granulated blast furnace slag, soft soil, fly ash, CBR, Compaction
An Experimental Study on Stabilization of Clayey Soil by Using Granulated Bla...ijtsrd
Many of the areas in India contains clayey soil, for these soils Geotechnical properties are a week, which affects the stability of the soil. As Ground granulated blast furnace slag contains in this study, we received the Ground granulated blast furnace slag from steel plant waste mixing with clayey soil to enhance geotechnical properties and make it more suitable for use. In this effect of stabilized soil and change in geotechnical properties. Treatment of clayey soil using with GGBS is very simple, economical and pollution control. Ground granulated blast furnace slag GGBS and this material are obtained from the blast furnace of cement plant, which is the by product of iron from ACC plant, Sindri . It is generally obtained in three shaped one is air cooled, foamed shaped and another is in granulated shaped. The use of by product materials for stabilization has environmental and economic benefits. Ground granulated blast furnace slag GGBS material is used in the current work to stabilize soil clay . Ground granulated blast furnace slag which can be used as a stabilizer. GGBS were mixed in clayey soil in different proportions and various geotechnical characteristics are investigated through Unconfined Compression Test, Compaction Test, CBR test results show that addition of Ground Granulated blast furnace slag has a significant effect in geotechnical Characteristics of clayey soil. B. Ramesh | P. Hima Bindu "An Experimental Study on Stabilization of Clayey Soil by Using Granulated Blast Furnace Slag" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26440.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/26440/an-experimental-study-on-stabilization-of-clayey-soil-by-using-granulated-blast-furnace-slag/b-ramesh
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Influence of addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag on various conc...
GGBS PPT
1. EFFECTS OF GGBS ON
GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF
BLACK COTTON SOIL
Under the guidance of
Shri. B.M. Gudadappanavar
Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
PRESENTED BY:
ABHIJEET KUMAR SINGH 2SD11CV001
AQUIB NASIR RAZI 2SD11CV009
DIBYAJYOTI SARMA 2SD11CV020
KAMLESH KUMAR 2SD11CV031
8th Semester B.E., Civil Academic Year: 2014-2015
1
3. Innovative methods of soil stabilization are in great demand all over the
world.
Black cotton soil which is occupying nearly 23% of the area in India is a
problematic soil, available up to a depth of 3.7 meters on an average. The
black cotton soil has various problems like less stability, less shear strength
and large expansion & shrinkage in volume with changing seasons.
These demerits obstruct construction like big infrastructure, road
pavements, etc. on this soil.
Ground Granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS) have puzzolanic properties
and are being used in the construction industry along with cement or lime as
activators.
Very few researchers have done some work in the stabilization of black
cotton soils using GGBS.
INTRODUCTION
3
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
Various researchers evaluated the potential of GGBS to stabilize soil.
Gyanen Takhelmayum, Savitha, Krishna Gudi (March 2013) carried out a
series of test on black cotton soil with various proportions of GGBS . They
concluded that addition of GGBS to black cotton soil in various
percentages affects the compaction characteristic which is primarily due to
alteration of gradation of soil mixtures. The increase of the maximum dry
unit weight with the increase of the percentage of GGBS is mainly due to
the higher specific gravity of the fine GGBS compared with expansive soil
and the immediate formation of cemented products by hydration which
increases the density of soil.
Laxmikant Yadu and Dr. R.K. Tripathi(2013) studied the effects of GGBS
in the engineering behavior of soft soil. The study and experimental results
indicated that the use of GGBS had significantly improved the physical and
strength properties of the soil and reduced swelling behavior of the soil.
4
5. LITERATURE REVIEW
o K V Manjunath ,Himanshu Shekhar ,Manish Kumar ,Prem Kumar and
Rakesh Kumar (2012) studied and carried out test to stabilize black
cotton soil using GGBS and concluded that the use of GGBS had
enhanced the engineering properties of the black cotton soil and had
increased the stability of the soil and Unconfined Compressive
Strength had increased after the percentage addition of GGBS to the
soil. Which came out to be an economical solution and partial
replacement of ordinary Portland cement.
6. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To study the effects of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace
Slag(GGBS) on the Engineering performance of black cotton
soil and to check if it can be used as a soil stabilizer.
6
7. WHAT IS GGBS ?
Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a by-product
from the blast-furnaces used to make iron. These operate at a
temperature of about 1,500 degrees centigrade and are fed with
a carefully controlled mixture of iron-ore, coke and limestone.
The iron ore is reduced to iron and the remaining materials
form a slag that floats on top of the iron. This slag is
periodically tapped off as a
molten liquid and if it is to be
used for the manufacture of
GGBS it has to be rapidly
quenched in large volumes of
water.
7
GGBS
8. 8
o The quenching, optimizes the
cementitious properties and
produces granules similar to a
coarse sand. This ‘granulated’
slag is then dried and ground to a
fine powder.
9. BENEFITS OF USING GGBS
The major benefits of using GGBS are:
better workability, making placing and compaction easier
lower early-age temperature rise, reducing the risk of thermal
cracking in large pours
high resistance to chloride ingress, reducing the risk of reinforcement
corrosion
9
10. METHODOLOGY
In this study, we have studied the variation in properties of black cotton
soil on addition of varying percentages of GGBS and the following tests
were carried out:-
Test on Atterberg’s Limits
Grain Size Distribution
Free Swell Index
Maximum Dry Density
Unconfined Compressive Strength
California Bearing Ratio
10
11. MATERIALS USED
Black cotton soil : The soil used for this study were
collected from Y.S. Colony, Dharwad , Karnataka at a
depth of 0.5 m.
GGBS : It was procured from PWD Dharwad and they
had brought it from Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Ltd in
Toranagallu, Bellary, Karnataka
12. PROPERTIES OF BLACK COTTON SOIL
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS DESCRIPTION
Maximum dry density 1.396 g/cc
Optimum moisture content 16%
Specific gravity 2.63
UCS 220 kPa
CBR (SOAKED) 2.36 %
Free swelling index 60%
Liquid limit 68%
Plastic limit 25%
Plasticity index 43%
12
13. BC SOIL +
FINE GGBS
LIQUID
LIMIT(WL)
PLASTIC
LIMIT(WP)
PLASTICITY
INDEX (IP)
100% + 0% 68% 25% 43%
90% + 10% 75% 42.85% 32.15%
80% + 20% 61% 42.85% 18.15%
70% + 30% 49% 42.85% 6.15%
ATTERBERG’S LIMITS (IS:2720(PART 5)-1985)
13
NOTE: As per MORTH specifications the plasticity index of soils to
be used for embankments, subgrades, earthen shoulders and
miscellaneous backfills should be less than 25.
16. GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION GRAPH
16
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
PERCENTAGEFINER(N)
PARTICLE SIZE IN MM
17. GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
% OF GRAVEL 0.6
% OF SAND PARTICLES 7.9
% OF SILT and CLAY 91.5
SOIL CLASSIFICATION
INDIAN STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION CH
17
NOTE: As per MORTH specifications any soil that classifies as OL, OH ,
or Pt are considered as unsuitable for the construction of embankments.
19. MAX DRY DENSITY OF BC SOIL ON
ADDITION OF FINE GGBS
(IS: 2720(PART 8)- 1983)
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
10 12 14 16 18 20
MAXDRYDENSITY(g/cc)
OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT (%)
BC SOIL
10% GGBS
20% GGBS
30% GGBS
19
20. BC SOIL + FINE
GGBS
O.M.C(%)
ρ (g/cc)
100% + 0% 16 1.396 (13.63 KN/m3)
90% + 10% 15 1.43 (14.03 KN/m3)
80% + 20% 14 1.46 (14.32 KN/m3)
70% + 30% 10 1.66 ( 16.28 KN/m3)
NOTE:
Density requirements of Embankments and sub-grade materials as per
MORTH specifications should not be less than 16 KN/m3
20
21. UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
(IS: 2720(PART 10)- 1991)
UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IN kPa
No of days of
curing
0 7 28
BC SOIL ONLY 220 220 220
BCS + 10% GGBS 151.2 222.8 247.9
BCS + 20% GGBS 191.6 434.2 450.8
BCS + 30% GGBS 214 1712.2 1882.2
21
NOTE: Unconfined Compressive strength has increased
up to 8 times that of ordinary Black Cotton Soil.
22. STRENGTH VARIATION ON ADDITION OF GGBS
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 7 28
UCCSTRENGTHINKPa
NO. OF DAYS OF CURING
0% GGBS
10% GGBS
20% GGBS
30% GGBS
22
25. COST ANALYSIS
Pavement thickness 795 mm 475 mm
Semi dense bituminous concrete 25 mm 25 mm
Dense bituminous concrete 70 mm 50 mm
Granular base 250 mm 250 mm
Granular sub-base 450 mm 150 mm
Estimated cost Rs 62,35,706.2 Rs 53,49,281.2
Assumptions:
• N= 5 msa
• Width of subgrade=7.5m
• Carriage width =3.75m
• Road length = 1 km
WITHOUT USING
GGBS
USING GGBS (30%)
It is apparent that there is 14 % savings by using GGBS.
PAVEMENT COMPOSITION
26. CONCLUSION
MDD increased while OMC decreased with addition
of GGBS to the soil.
There is significant reduction in the swelling
behaviour of the soil.
UCS has increased up to 8 times that of ordinary
Black Cotton Soil by adding 30% GGBS.
CBR value has increased up to 7 times that of
ordinary Black Cotton Soil by adding 30% GGBS.
The blended soil meets the requirements as per
MORTH specifications of subgrade.
Hence GGBS can be used for the stabilization of
Black Cotton Soil as it has significantly improved
the geotechnical properties of Black Cotton Soil.
26
27. REFERENCES
[1]. GyanenTakhelmayum1, savitha.A.L2, Krishna Gudi GSS Institute of Technology,
VTU “Experimental Studies on Soil Stabilization Using Fine and Coarse GGBS”, ISSN
2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2013
[2]. Laxmikant Yadu and Dr. R.K. Tripathi “Effects of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in
the Engineering Behavior of Stabilized Soft Soil", Chemical, Civil and Mechanically
Engineering tracks of third Nirma University International Conference, Procedia
Engineering 51 (2013)125-131.
[3]. K.V. Manjunath, Himanshu Shekhar, Manish Kumar, Prem Kumar and Rakesh
Kumar “Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace
Slag”, Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Architecture and Civil
Engineering (AARCV 2012), 21st - 23rd June 2012 387 Paper ID GET114, Vol. 1
[4].IS:2720 (PART-4)-1985, Methods of test for soils: Part 4 Grain size analysis
(Second Revisions). 27
28. REFERENCES
[5].IS:2720 (PART-5)-1985, Methods of test for soils: Part 5 Determination
of liquid limit and Plastic limit (Second revision).
[6].IS:27270 (PART-8)-1983, Methods of test for soils: Part 8
Determination of water content-dry density relation using heavy
compaction (Second Revision).
[7].IS:2720 (Part-10)-1973, Methods of test for soils: Part 10
Determination of Unconfined compressive strength (First Revision).
[8].IS:2720 (Part -16)-1979, Methods of test for soils: Part 16 Laboratory
determination of CBR. (First revision).
[9].IS:2720 (Part -40)-1977, Methods of test for soils: Part 40
Determination of free swelling index of soils.
28