The document provides a summary of the history of early America, including the earliest civilizations, European exploration and colonization, cultural exchanges between Native Americans and Europeans, the establishment of the original 13 colonies, the growth of slavery and discrimination, and the American Revolution. Key events included the arrival of the Olmec, Maya and Aztec civilizations, Columbus' voyage in 1492, the founding of Jamestown in 1607 and the Mayflower Pilgrims in 1620, growing tensions between the colonies and Britain in the 1700s over taxation and representation, and the eventual outbreak of the Revolutionary War in 1775.

1. Creating A Nation. Converging Cultures. Chapter One.

2. The Earliest Americans. Early American civilizations: Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Anasazi. Native American groups in New World were/are VERY culturally diverse! These groups were present from 1500 B.C.

3. European Explorations. Leif Ericsson. 1000 A.D. Columbus. 1492. Cortes. 1521. Aztecs. Pizarro. 1532. Inca’s. Pounce de Leon, Coronado, and Desoto.

4. Cultural Changes. Both Native Americans and Europeans Began to share parts of each others culture. Tools, food, hunting/farming methods, and technology. Diseases, introduced by the Europeans, hurt the Native Americans badly.

5. Early French/English Settlements. New France-New Orleans up to 1/3 of the present U.S.A. Jamestown-1607. This was a Joint-stock company. House of Burgesses-1619. Pilgrams-1620. Puritans pushed out of England.

6. New England Colonies. Puritan religious intolerance lead to other settlements. Roger Williams, Ann Hutchinson, and Thomas Hooker were forced to leave. New England economy based and shipping and commerce.

7. Middle Colonies. Settled by Dutch first-1609. William Penn created Pennsylvania in 1681. Economy based on farming.

8. Southern Colonies. George Calvert started the Maryland colony for Catholics-1630. James Oglethorpe created the Georgia colony in 1733 for debtors in English prisons.

9. Triangular Trade-Growth of the colonies. Colonies--England--Caribbean, and Africa. Slave codes: No property, education, moving freely, or meeting in large groups.

10. Women and Jews. Both these groups also do not have have equal rights with white males. This discrimination would last for another 350 years.

11. Dissent And Independence. Mercantilism: Export/Sell more good than you import. Mercantilism lead to colonies. Why? Navigation Act 1663. Stop over in England to pay taxes? This lead to lots of smuggling by colonists!

12. Glorious Revolution-1688. Mary and William Orange installed by Parliament as King. They had to swear to abide by the English Bill of Rights. What happened to “Divine Rights Of Kings?”

13. John Locke-1690. People are BORN with certain natural rights. Life, liberty, and property. King’s right to rule came from the PEOPLE! Social Contract. Locke had to leave England.

14. The Enlightenment. Locke was a part of The Enlightenment. Enlightenment period: It supported reason, logic, and science as the way to learn the truth. It supported democratic ideas and human rights.

15. Rousseau-Montesquieu.1700’s. Rousseau also had a Social Contract, BUT he stated that the people should pick the ruler. Montesquieu added to this with the idea of having THREE branches of government.

16. Great Awakening. New protestant religions were created during the 1700’s. Baptists welcomed slaves and and considered slavery evil.

17. Salutary Or Benign Neglect. For four hundred years England paid littler or no attention to the colonies. Why?

18. Growing Rebelliousness. French-Indian War-1763. War between England and France that was fought all over the world, including North America.

19. French-Indian War Fall Out. England in heavy debt because of war. England wants the colonists to pay taxes to help pay the debt. Is this fair? Have the colonist EVER paid taxes?

20. Unpopular Regulations/Actions By England. Proclamation Act of 1763. See page 113. Stamp Act-1765. Stamp Act Congress. “No taxation without representation.” S.A. repealed in 1766.

21. Townshend Acts. New taxes on imported goods such as tea. “Boston Massacre.” Five colonist were shot and killed by British soldiers during a riot. The Committees Of Correspondence stirred up the killings as a “Massacre.”

22. Boston Tea Party-1775. Parliament gives English tea traders a MONOPOLY to sell tea to the colonists. What happens to the colonial tea traders? Bostonians dress up like Native Americans and dump the tea into bay.

23. Coercive Acts-1774. Boston tea party caused the Brits to do these actions: Closed Boston Harbor. Put British soldiers in private homes. Revoked Mass. Charter and the right of self government.

24. Revolution Begins. Lexington and Concord is where the first blood was spilled. Over two hundred British soldiers are shot by Minutemen. 1776. George Washington made top general of colonial troops. Victory at Yorktown-1781.

25. The Constitution. Framers chose a republic. First government was called the Articles of Confederation. WEAK! It was made weak by design. Why? Northwest Ordinance and Land Ordinance Acts of 1787-Successful.

26. Shay’s Rebellion. Economic depression forced farmers to take-up arms. Farmers didn’t want to lose their farms. Shay’s Rebellion ALMOST topples the A.O.C. government. A bunch of farmers?

27. Debate And Compromise. Great Compromise/Big State-Small State Compromise. Three-Fifths Compromise. Commerce Compromise. Electoral College Compromise.

28. Common Agreement. Popular Sovereignty. Federalism. Separation of powers. Checks and balances. Amendments-Formal changes. Electoral College.

29. Debating The Constitution. Federalists-Pro Constitution-Hamilton, Adams, John Jay, and Washington. Anti-Federalists-Jefferson, Thomas Paine. Bill Of Rights broke the log jam.