The document discusses several topics related to the presidency and US foreign policy. It outlines the duties and qualifications of the President, as well as compensation and terms of office. It then covers the history of US foreign policy from isolationism to becoming a global superpower after WWII. A major theme was the Cold War competition with the Soviet Union and containment policy. Key events like the Berlin airlift, Cuban missile crisis, and Reagan's military buildup are summarized.

1. Chapters 8, 9, 22.

2. Duties of the President
 1. Commander in
Chief.
 2. Appoints
executive heads.
 3. All laws “Faithfully
executed.”
 4. May pardon or
grand reprieves.
 5. Has lawmaking
powers.
 6. State of the Union
Address.
 7. “Wild Card”
emergency powers.

3. Term of Office
 1. Twenty Second Amendment:
 Limited to two terms.
 A V.P. could be president for ten years.
 Electing the President

5. Salary and Perks
 1. $400,000 a year salary.
 2. $100,000 travel
allowance.
 3. Air Force One-747 jet.
 4. Armored Limo.
 5. Free medical services.
 6. White House-132 rooms.
 7. Domestic staff of
butlers/maids, carpenters,
electricians, barbers, chiefs.
 8. 148,000 lifetime
retirement.
 9. Lifetime Secret Service
protection.

6. Presidential Qualifications
Constitutional
Requirements:
 1. Natural born
citizen.
 2. At least 35 years
old.
 3. Lived in U.S. at
least 14 years.
Other Important Qualities:
 1. Gov’t Experience.
 2. Money. Fundraisers?
 3. Political Beliefs.
 4. Personal Traits.
 6. Personal Growth.

7. Presidential Succession
 Twenty Fifth Amendment-1967.
 1. V.P., Speaker of the House, Senate Pro Tem,
Sec. of State, Sec. of Treasury, etc. 18 on list.
 2. How to replace V.P? Pres. Nominates and
Senate confirms.
 3. V.P has been replaced twice by this method.

8. Presidential Disability
 1. Twenty Fifth Amendment Continued….
 If the Pres. is incapacitated for any
reason, the Cabinet, by a simple majority
vote, can have the V.P. become the
acting president.
 George Bush Sr. was the acting Pres. for
24 hours because Reagan had surgery.

9. Chapter Nine-Presidential
Leadership.
 Factors that shape the power of each
individual President:
 1. Constitution
 2. Personal energy.
 3. Popularity or Mandate of the people.

10. Informal Sources of Power.
 4.Personal exercise of power. George Washington.
 5. Immediate needs of nation. Lincoln and Writ of
Habeas Corpus.
 6. Raised an army BEFORE Congress gave approval
OR money.

11. Limits of Presidential Power.
 1. Congress: Over ride veto’s, controls
budgets, confirms nominations, confirms
treaties War Powers Act, and
impeachment/trial articles.
 2. Federal Courts.
 3. Bureaucracy.
 4. PUBLIC OPINION.

12. Style of Leadership.
 Leadership Styles And Qualities:
1. Understanding the public. Hoover v.
Roosevelt.
2. Ability to communicate. Carter v.
Reagan.
3. Sense of timing. Clinton(Welfare
Reform.) v.G.W. Bush(Social Security
Reform.)

13. Roles of the President.
 1. Head of State.
 2. Chief of State.
 3. Chief legislator.
 4. Economic planner.
 5. Party leader.
 6. Chief diplomat.
 7. Commander in
Chief.

14. Leadership Skills
 1. Understanding the
public.
 2. Ability to
communicate.
 3. Sense of timing.
 4. Open to new
ideas.
 5. Ability to
compromise.
 6. Political courage.
John Adams.

15. Presidential Isolation
 1. Special treatment.
 2. Openness to
contrary opinions.
 3. Access to
president. Donald
Regan?(Defacto
President?)
 4. Isolation.
 5. Staying in
touch with the
public.

16. Executive Privilege
 1. E.P. allows the
president and staff from
having to testify before
Congress OR give
information such as
documents/memo’s or
other work products of
the executive branch.
 2. This keeps the the
executive branch
SEPARATE from
Congress.
 1. Limits of Executive
privilege:
 If there is a criminal
investigation that
involves the executive
branch, Congress can
subpoena people,
documents, or work
products.

17. Chapter 22-Foreign Policy
and Defense

18. Goals of Foreign Policy
 1. National
security-9-11.
 2. Free trade.
 3. World peace.
 4. Promote
democracy/Huma
n rights.
 5. Concern for
humanity. Foreign
aid/disaster relief.

19. Foreign Policy
A strategy developed by a
country’s decision makers to
achieve “national interest”
objectives with respect to
foreign countries

21. American Foreign Policy:
Instruments, Actors, and
Policymakers
 1. Instruments of Foreign Policy.
 Three types of tools:
 Military
 Economic
 Diplomatic
 Military is has been used often.
 Economic is becoming quite powerful. Iran.
 Diplomatic is the quietest of the tools.

22. • Created in 1947
• Members include:
• The President & Vice President
• Secretary of State & Secretary of Defense
• Director of CIA & Chair of Joint Chiefs of Staff
• (Advisors to statutory members- subject to change)
• The staff is headed up by the National Security Advisor
• Other relevant Cabinet Secretaries invited as required
National Security Council
(NSC)

23. American Public
Congress
Foreign Policy Bureaucracies
White House Staff
President
Who Makes U.S. Foreign
Policy?
How much power & influence does each have on FP?*
NSC

24. History of American Foreign
Policy.
 1. Isolationism. G.
Washington’s Farewell
Address. 1796.
 2. “No entangling
alliances.”
 3. Monroe Doctrine
1823. Told Europe to
Stay out of South
America.
 4. U.S. AND England
wanted access to S.
American markets.
 5. Alford Mahan-Great
White Fleet. 1880’s-
1890’s.
 6. Spanish-American
War 1898.
 7. U.S. is now a colonial
power. Cuba, Philippines,
Guam, and Hawaii(Not
part of war.)

27. U.S. a World Power
World War One
 1. U.S. European policy:
No ONE European
country to dominate.
 2. Germany was violating
“Freedom of the seas.”
 3. Pre WW1 Trade:
 Germany 1914-170m.
1916-0
 England 1914-825m
 1916-3.2
BILLION.
Outcome of WW1
 1. U.S. bitter about post
WW1 European
attitudes/behavior.
 2. U.S. returns to
isolationism.
 3. No more U.S. involvement
in European wars!

28. America First!
Rise of Fascism
 1. Europe goes to war
1939.
 2. Majority of Americans
are still isolationists.
 3. C. Lindberg leader of
A.F.
 4. U.S. Starts Lend-
Lease program.
December 7th, 1941
 1. Pearl Harbor
bombed by Japan.
 2. America no longer
isolationist.
 3. “We have awoken
a sleeping giant.”
Yamamoto.

29. Post WW2 Foreign Policy
Outcomes:
 1. U.S. becomes a “Super
Power.”
 2. Strongest and most
advanced technology
based military. Atomic
Bomb.
 3. Worlds largest, robust
economy.
 4. Most stable gov’t.
Cold War
 1. Soviet Union had HUGE
conventional army.
 2. USSR took control of ALL
Eastern Europe.
 3. U.S. feared for Western
Europe. U.S. largest trading
partner.
 4. A-Bomb 1949. RED
SCARE BEGINS!

31. Truman Policy of
Containment-1948
 1. Pledged the U.S. to fight the spread of communism.
 2. This fight would use economic, military, and political
power.
 3. NATO v. WARSAW Pack.

32. Soviet Threat
What was the military instrument of Containment?

35. OR
COLD WAR
U.S.
And NATO.
Soviet Union
And Warsaw Pact.
-Democracy:
-Individual Freedom/Human Rights.
-Market economy/Free Enterprise.
-Totalitarianism:
-Individuals serve the state.
-Communist/Command economy.

36. A New Cold War? Crimea.

37. Cold War Highlights/Low
Lights.
Speed Bumps of The Cold War.

38. Iron Curtain-1946 Winston
Churchill.

40. Berlin Crisis. 1948.
 1. Germany was divided into four zones after WW2.
 2. U.S., Soviet, French, and Great Britain.
 3. Berlin was also divided into four zones.
 4. Berlin was surrounded in the Soviet zone.
 5. Stalin blockaded Berlin-wanted to force West out.

41. Berlin Airlift 1948

44. Marshall Plan
 1. Billions of U.S. dollars were sent to Western Europe
to help them rebuild.
 2. This was done to help build a barrier to Soviet
communism.
 3. NATO or North Atlantic Treaty Organization was also
created.

46. Who Lost China? 1949

47. Soviets Explode A Bomb
1949!

48. Arms Race.1945-1991.
 1. Trillions of dollars were spent on national defense to
keep up or stay ahead of the Soviet Union.
 2. Much of U.S. foreign aid went to arm our allies.
 3. U.S. has many foreign bases to help hem in USSR.
 4. One example of this arms race? NEXT….

49. B-70 Bomber. Mach 3.

50. MIG 25. “Foxback.”

51. F 15 “Foxback” Killer.

52. Secret’s Out! 1976

53. Korean War
1950-1953
45,000
Killed.
Korean War

54. Sputnik 1957-Major Shock!

55. U-2 Frances Gary Powers
Shot Down. 1960

56. Berlin Wall 1961

57. Bay of Pigs. 1961.

58. Cuban Missile Crisis-1962.
 1. Soviets place nuclear missile in Cuba.
 2. U.S. demands removal. Places an embargo around
Cuba.
 3. Closest the worlds been to nuclear war.

59. J.F.K. Doodle

60. Vietnam War 1960-1975
56,000 Killed

61. Détente’1969-
1979

62. Yom Kippur War, 1973.
Defcon 4

63. Soviet Invasion of
Afghanistan. 1979.

64. Soviet Paranoia-1983.
 1. Soviets convinced that U.S would pull
a surprise attack.
 2. U.S.S.R. nearly attacked U.S FIRST.
 3. An attack would have lead to nuclear
war.

65. Soviet “Bear Trap.” 1979-
1988.
 1. Soviet Army ground down by Afghan
fighters. “USSR’s Vietnam.”
 2. U.S. supplied Afghan rebels AND
Osama Bin Laden.
 3. Bin Laden tried to repeat this victory
with the U.S. 911.

66. End
of the Soviet Union-1991.
 Increasing Soviet military expenses to
compete with the United states.
 Rising nationalism in Soviet republics.
Only 50% of USSR ethnic “Russian.”
 Economic inefficiency.
 Gorbachev “Glasnost” and “Perestroika”
(openness and economic restructuring)

69. Role of Ronald Reagan
 1. Challenged moral legitimacy of the Soviet Union; for
example, speech at Berlin Wall (“Mr. Gorbachev, tear
down this wall.” and “Evil Empire.”)
 2. Increased U.S. military and economic pressure on
the Soviet Union.
 4. Biggest Military build up in world history.
 5. U.S. spent six percent of GDP on defense.
 USSR: 33 percent!

70. New World Order-1991.
 1. “Peace Dividend.”
 2. Invasion of Panama. 1989.
 3. Persian Gulf War I.
 4. 9-11 and the war on terrorism.
 5. Invasion of Afghanistan. 2001.
 6. Iraq. 2003.

71. B – 2 Bomber. Two Billion
Each!
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

72. A New World Order! 1991.

73. QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Towers Attack.
Pentagon Attack.

74. The New Global Agenda
 1. Terrorism-9/11:
 The most troublesome national security issue
today.
 Takes many forms and is difficult to defend
against in an open society.
 The U.S. works on improved security
measures and on punishing those that
support terrorism.

75. Why Is Foreign Policy So
Important To Our Economy?
The U.S. has many needs
from other parts of the
world to fuel our economy.

76. OIL – Where Does it Come
From?
Venezuela 6.2%
Mexico, Central
& South America
9.6%
Nigeria
2.8%
Algeria/Libya 3.9%
UK/Norway 0.9%
Iran 10.2%
Qatar/UAE 8.7%
Russia/PRC/Kazak.
6.7%
Source: DoE, Energy Info Admin for 2006, includes Canadian oil sands reserves
Saudi Arabia 20.4%
Canada 13.7%
USA 1.6%

77. Oil Consumption by Nation

81. Selected Strategic Minerals
Net U.S. Import Reliance-2005*
Bauxite & Alumina
Australia Jamaica
Guinea Suriname
Cesium
Canada
Chromium
South Africa Kazakhstan
Russia Zimbabwe
Cobalt
Finland Norway
Russia Canada
Columbium
Brazil Canada
Estonia China
100%
100%
69%
78%
100%
Fluorspar
China Mexico
South Africa
Graphite
China Mexico
Canada Brazil
Manganese
Gabon South Africa
China Australia
Nickel
Canada Norway
Russia Australia
100%
100%
100%
54%
Platinum
South Africa U.K.
Germany Canada
Rubidium
Canada
Strontium
Mexico Germany
Tantalum
Australia Canada
Titanium
South Africa Ukraine
Australia Canada
91%
100%
100%
91%
63%
*Listed countries reflect the
major U.S. import sources
during 2001-2004.
[Source: Mineral Commodity
Summaries, 2006. Dept of
Interior, USGS at
http://minerals.usgs.gov/min
erals/pubs/mcs/2006]

82. F-100 Engine Dependence on Imported Metals
(F-15 and F-16 aircraft)
Titanium
5,366 lbs
63%
Cobalt
910 lbs
78%
Tantalum
3 lbs
91%
Columbium
171 lbs
100%
Aluminum
720 lbs
100%
Chromium
1,656 lbs
69%
Nickel
5,024 lbs
54%
(Note: Metals indicated are used in more than one place in engine)