Lecture 3 A New American Society And Economy
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The document summarizes key aspects of the Gilded Age in the United States including: 1) Six sources of rapid industrial growth including abundant raw materials, a growing labor force, technological innovations, entrepreneurs, and government support of business. 2) Important entrepreneurs of the era including Cornelius Vanderbilt, Collis P. Huntington, Cyrus W. Field, and Christopher L. Sholes who helped build industries like railroads, telegraphy, and the typewriter. 3) Surges in technological advances from inventions and innovators such as Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, the Wright Brothers, and others that improved communications, transportation, and manufacturing.
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During the Gilded Age, several key factors enabled industrialization in the United States, including abundant natural resources, a large and growing workforce fed by immigration, and major technological innovations in areas like transportation, communication, and manufacturing. Prominent industrialists and entrepreneurs in industries like railroads, oil, steel, and telecommunications helped drive economic growth through consolidation and vertical integration of their businesses. These business leaders were both admired as captains of industry and criticized as ruthless "robber barons" who exploited workers.
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The document discusses key developments during the Gilded Age in the United States, including the factors that enabled industrialization to take place such as abundant natural resources, a growing labor force through immigration, and technological innovations in areas like transportation, communication, and manufacturing. It profiles several influential industrialists and entrepreneurs from the period like Cornelius Vanderbilt in shipping and railroads, Collis P. Huntington in railroads, Andrew Carnegie in steel, John D. Rockefeller in oil, and Alexander Graham Bell in the telephone.
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The document discusses key aspects of the Industrial Revolution. It began in England in the late 1700s due to several advantages the country possessed, including capital for investment, raw materials, markets through colonies, and geography. Major innovations like the steam engine and new transportation methods drove industrialization. The factory system replaced domestic production, concentrating workers in cities and leading to poor living conditions. Overall the Industrial Revolution greatly increased production through new technologies and transformed societies.
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The document discusses the Age of Railroads in American history. It describes how the first transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869, connecting Promontory, Utah. Railroads helped industries like iron, coal, steel, lumber and glass to grow and expand to new markets. Towns like Chicago, Minneapolis, Abilene and Denver grew significantly due to the railroad industry. The document also mentions issues like the mistreatment of immigrant railroad workers, time zones, the Credit Mobilier scandal, and regulations passed by the Grange and Interstate Commerce Commission.
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The Second Industrial Revolution from the 1870s-1910s was driven by oil, steel, internal combustion engines, electricity, and rapid communication technologies. It saw the rise of corporate research labs, increased patents, and advances in chemistry, biology, steel production, transportation (land, sea, and air), electricity, newspapers, and communication technologies like the telegraph, telephone, film, and radio. Mass production using these new fuels and technologies transformed economies and societies around the world.
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Big business dominated the American economy in the late 19th/early 20th century through large factories and corporations. Companies like Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil consolidated their industries through mergers and acquisitions. Wealthy industrialists like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan amassed great fortunes and revolutionized their industries through technological innovations and business practices like vertical integration.
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The document summarizes key developments during the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States in the late 19th century. It describes innovations such as the Bessemer Process that made steel production faster and cheaper; the growth of oil drilling and kerosene leading to increased demand for oil; Thomas Edison's invention of the light bulb and the development of power plants; Alexander Graham Bell's patent of the telephone; and advances in transportation including the first motorcar by the Duryea brothers and the Model T assembly line produced by Henry Ford.
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The first transcontinental railroad in the United States was completed in 1869, connecting the Central Pacific and Union Pacific lines with a golden spike. Railroad construction was dangerous, with thousands of workers, including many Chinese and Irish immigrants as well as Civil War veterans, suffering injuries, attacks, and over 2,000 deaths by 1888. The new railroad network divided the country into time zones and enabled goods to be shipped nationwide, spurring economic growth and specialization but also leading to calls for regulation against corporate abuses.
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Between 1791 and 1860, various forms of transportation infrastructure were developed in the United States to facilitate trade and travel, including turnpikes, canals, roads, railroads, and steamboats. Some notable developments were the Lancaster Turnpike in 1794, the National Road in 1811, the Erie Canal completed in 1825, and the first steam locomotive in America which enabled railroads to haul larger loads than turnpikes. Western expansion and the need to connect the eastern and western parts of the nation drove the development of these transportation networks.
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During the late 19th century, New York City became a global center of trade and immigration following the Civil War. Cornelius Vanderbilt helped create immense wealth by consolidating rail companies. However, political corruption like that of Boss Tweed also took root. In the 1880s, millions of immigrants from Europe arrived in New York through Ellis Island, transforming the city into a melting pot. Skyscrapers rose to accommodate the growing population, though New York had to adapt to new digital technologies in later years to remain influential.
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1. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and saw a shift from manual labor and production to mechanized factory systems powered by steam engines.
2. Great Britain had several advantages that contributed to it being the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, including natural resources like coal and iron, navigable rivers for transportation, colonies that provided raw materials and markets for finished goods, and inventors who developed new technologies like the steam engine.
3. The textile industry was one of the first to industrialize, with inventions like the spinning jenny, water frame, and steam-powered loom automating textile production and allowing factories to employ hundreds of workers.
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During the Gilded Age, several key factors enabled industrialization in the United States, including abundant natural resources, a large and growing workforce fed by immigration, and major technological innovations in areas like transportation, communication, and manufacturing. Prominent industrialists and entrepreneurs in industries like railroads, oil, steel, and telecommunications helped drive economic growth through consolidation and vertical integration of their businesses. These business leaders were both admired as captains of industry and criticized as ruthless "robber barons" who exploited workers.
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The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 connected the eastern and western United States by rail, making transportation of goods and people more reliable and fostering westward expansion. The government supported railroad construction through huge land grants and loans. Thousands of immigrants, including Chinese and Irish workers, built the railroads in dangerous conditions with accidents and diseases. Railroads connected cities and towns, promoting industry, trade, and economic interdependence but also led to corruption like the Credit Mobilier scandal. Farmers organized as Grangers to demand regulation of railroad rates and prices, resulting in early regulatory laws and the Supreme Court upholding state regulation in Munn v. Illinois in 1877. The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to regulate railroads
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The document discusses key developments during the Gilded Age in the United States, including the factors that enabled industrialization to take place such as abundant natural resources, a growing labor force through immigration, and technological innovations in areas like transportation, communication, and manufacturing. It profiles several influential industrialists and entrepreneurs from the period like Cornelius Vanderbilt in shipping and railroads, Collis P. Huntington in railroads, Andrew Carnegie in steel, John D. Rockefeller in oil, and Alexander Graham Bell in the telephone.
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- The growth of the western population and railroads had major impacts on Native Americans. The buffalo were hunted to near extinction, destroying the Indians' way of life. Notable events included the Sand Creek and Wounded Knee massacres.
- The transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869, connecting the Union Pacific and Central Pacific lines. Chinese laborers worked on the Central Pacific portion while Irish immigrants and veterans worked on the Union Pacific.
- The railroads and inventions like the telephone had widespread effects, stimulating industries like steel and the organization of large corporations known as trusts. Figures like Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Morgan amassed huge fortunes and monopolies in oil, steel, and banking respectively.
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The document summarizes the industrialization period of the Second Industrial Revolution from 1860-1920. It describes how inventions led to the growth of big businesses and factories in major cities in the Northern U.S. Immigrants and business leaders drove industrial growth, while workers organized unions to fight for better conditions. New transportation technologies like railroads, subways, and electric streetcars helped enable the expansion of cities during this period of rapid industrialization and urbanization.
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American Studies is an interdisciplinary field that examines American culture and history through multiple lenses. The document provides a timeline overview of key developments in American history from the early 19th century through the late 19th/early 20th century, including transportation innovations like canals and railroads, industrialization through textiles and steel production, immigration trends, urbanization and related social reforms, the rise of big business and labor movements, and technological innovations of the Gilded Age.
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During the late 19th century, the United States underwent rapid industrialization driven by three key factors: abundant natural resources like oil and iron, governmental support of industry, and urbanization. New inventions in electricity, the typewriter, telephone, and steel production transformed the economy. The railroad industry expanded dramatically across the country, standardizing time zones and connecting markets. This period also saw the rise of large corporations, labor unrest over poor working conditions, and the emergence of unions seeking better treatment of workers.
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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread to the United States in the early 19th century, fueled by available investment capital. Factories and mills proliferated in northern US states, which had natural resources like iron and coal and access to rivers for transportation. The US Civil War further accelerated industrialization as both sides needed weapons and supplies. After the war, the transcontinental railroad and waves of immigration connected markets and provided workers, driving continued economic growth and establishing America as a major industrial power.
14north and south
1) In the early 1800s, many new technologies and industrial processes transformed manufacturing in the North. Factories used machinery and specialized workers to mass produce goods. Transportation also improved with canals, steamboats, railroads, and clipper ships connecting regions.
2) Working conditions in factories were difficult, with long hours, unsafe machinery, and no child labor laws. Workers joined unions and went on strikes to demand better treatment. Women and African Americans also faced discrimination.
3) Northern cities grew rapidly due to industrialization and large waves of European immigration, especially from Ireland and Germany fleeing famine and problems at home. However, some nativists opposed immigration, believing it threatened American jobs and culture.
Gilded age us inventions 2013
Here is a potential advertisement for Thomas Edison's light bulbs:
Illuminate Your Home with Edison's Light!
Tired of the dangers and expenses of kerosene lamps? Say goodbye to fires and replace your lamps with Edison's revolutionary new electric light bulb!
Edison's incandescent bulb provides a bright, clean light that is safer than any flame. And now that Edison has built power stations across the country, electric light is more affordable than ever.
Transform your home into a modern oasis of illumination. Install Edison's electric lighting system today! Say goodbye to the dark and usher in a new era of convenience and safety.
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The document provides an overview of the Industrial Revolution and its impacts. It discusses how the Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 1700s due to several factors, including natural resources and capital. Key inventions like the steam engine and cotton gin drove industrialization by mechanizing production. The factory system replaced domestic production and led to rapid urbanization. While industrialization boosted economic growth, it also caused social problems and tensions that led to reform movements. The document traces how industrialization then spread across Europe and to the United States in the late 1800s.
Chapter 12 section 3 and 4 transportaion
The transportation revolution of the early 1800s saw new improvements like steamboats and railroads that dramatically increased the speed and lowered the cost of transporting goods and people. Steamboats enabled expanded trade along waterways, while railroads connected major cities across the eastern US by 1860. This revolutionized commerce by creating a national economy and encouraging population growth and resource extraction. It also accelerated other technological advances like the telegraph, farm equipment, and industrialization.
US HIST Chapter 5
The document provides information on life in America during the late 19th century, including:
1) The expansion of industry and growth of big businesses like Standard Oil and U.S. Steel transformed the economy, while new inventions in transportation and communication modernized society.
2) Workers organized unions like the Knights of Labor to demand better treatment from employers, going on strikes, but often faced resistance from companies and legal hurdles.
3) Large numbers of immigrants arrived in America's growing cities during this time of industrialization, bringing both opportunities and challenges of cultural assimilation and urbanization.
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Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
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