The document discusses the urethral route of drug administration and novel drug delivery systems. Specifically, it describes: 1) The urethral route involves inserting drugs like solutions or suppositories into the urethra to treat conditions like incontinence or impotence, but it can cause inconvenience or pain. 2) Alprostadil urethral microsuppositories are self-inserted drug delivery devices that are 1.4mm in diameter and release medication over 4-7 days. 3) Novel drug delivery systems aim to improve drug potency, provide sustained release, increase safety, and target specific tissues through formulation approaches and medical devices.

1. URETHRAL ROUTE OF
ADMINISTRATION
Sandeep Mewada

2. URETHRAL ROUTE OF
ADMINISTRATION
• The urethral route of administration is application of
drug by insertion into the urethra
Common dose forms include:
◦ solutions
◦ suppositories
Urethral delivery may be used to treat
◦ incontinence
◦ impotence in men
Disadvantages
◦ inconvenience
◦ localized pain

4. ALPROSTRADIL URETHRAL
MICROSUPPOSITORY
• Single used
• 1.4 mm in diameter and 3-6mm in length
• Strengths available: 125,150,250,500 and 1000
microgram/units
• Inserted with the help of device
• Suspended in PEG
• Self insert and removal
• Sustain delivery for 4-7days

5. NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
• PHARMACEUTICS & NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEMS
• Novel Drug delivery System (NDDS) refers to the
approaches, formulations, technologies, and systems for
transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the body as
needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effects.
• It may involve scientific site-targeting within the body, or
it might involve facilitating systemic pharmacokinetics; in
any case, it is typically concerned with both quantity and
duration of drug presence.
• Novel Drug delivery is often approached via a drug's
chemical formulation, but it may also involve medical
devices or drug-device combination products.
• Drug delivery is a concept heavily integrated with dosage
form and route of administration.

6. • NDDS is advanced drug delivery system
which improves drug potency, control drug
release to give a sustained therapeutic
effect, provide greater safety, finally it is to
target a drug specifically to a desired tissue.
• NDDS is a system for delivery of drug other
than conventional drug delivery system.
• NDDS is a combination of advance
technique and new dosage forms which are
far better than conventional dosage forms.

7. Advantages of Novel Drug Delivery
System are:
1. Optimum dose at the right time and right
location.
2. Efficient use of expensive drugs, excipients and
reduction in production cost.
3. Beneficial to patients, better therapy, improved
comfort and standard of living.

8. Basic modes of novel drug
delivery systems are:
1. Targeted Drug Delivery System
2. Controlled Drug Delivery System
3. Modulated Drug Delivery System

9. Factors affecting the design of
controlled release products are:
1. Physicochemical properties of a drug
2. Route of administration
3. Acute/Chronic therapy
4. Target sites
5. The Patient
6. The disease state/level

10. CURRENT TRENDS IN NOVEL
OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM:
AN OVERVIEW
• One of the most daring tasks faced by the pharmaceutical
researchers is the ophthalmic drug delivery.
• Their aim is to achieve and sustain a therapeutic level at the
site of action for extended period of time.
• Therefore, to withstand drug levels at the target site for a
sufficient time, novel drug delivery techniques are developed.
• Ophthalmic drug delivery route has seen significant
advancement for future perspective.
• This article reviews various novel systems for ophthalmic drug
delivery.
• The objective of this paper is to briefly review the novel
techniques for ophthalmic drug delivery so that the
pharmaceutical researchers get the concept of the latest
trends regarding this aspect.