types of NDDS

1. NEW DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Prepared by- Akshay M. Akotkar
Department of p,ceutics

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Route of administration
 Need of NDDS
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Tyeps of NDDS
 Carriers

3. Introduction
 Pharmaceuticals : Primarily consists of drugs given
either Orally (as solid pills and liquids) or
injectables or as topical / local applications.
 engineered technologies for the targeted delivery
and controlled release of therapeutic agents.
 Novel Drug Delivery System is to provide a
therapeutic amount of drug to the appropriate site in
the body to accomplish promptly and then maintain the
desired drug concentration.
 Refers to the approaches ,formulation , technologies
and system for transporting a pharmaceutical
compound in body as needed to safety achieve its
desired therapeutic effect.

5. Need for NDDS

6. Disadvantages in current therapy
 Inactivation by gastric juice
 Metabolism before reaching target cell – First pass
metabolism in lung / liver / Intestine.
 Too many adverse reactions .
 Large amount of drug deliver.
 Repeated dosage is necessary.
 Less patients compliance.

7. How to overcome this???
 By improving rate of drug delivery
 Decreasing Biodegradation
 Time release medications
 Site-specific targeting
 Finding ways to administer injectable only
medications in oral form
 By using CRDDS, TRDDS, SRDDS

8. Drug Delivery Systems
 Controlled drug delivery system
 Target drug delivery system dds
Define
An ideal controlled drug delivery system is the one
which delivers the drug at a predetermined rate,
locally or systemically, for a specified period of time.
 Controlled Drug Delivery System (CDDS)
e.g.
 Oral CDDS
 Nasal CDDS
 Drug eluting stents

9. Fig. Comparative graph between conventional and controlled drug
delivery system
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10. Advantages
Controlled release dosage forms controls the release
rate of the drug prolonging activity .
Minimization of the needs for frequent dose intake.
A smaller drug dose than that used in conventional
system is administered, thus avoiding accumulation of
the drug beyond the minimum effective concentration.
Reduction of adverse side effects.
Enhancement of patient compliance.
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11. Disadvantage
Controlled release dosage forms are often more
expensive than conventional dosage forms
because of use of polymers and special
manufacturing technique.
There is reduced potential for dose adjustments.
In case of failure of dosage form, the risk of
dose dumping is present.
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12. Classification of controlled
release drug delivery systems
I. Rate-preprogrammed drug delivery systems
II. Activation-modulated drug delivery systems
III. Feedback-regulated drug delivery systems
IV.Site-targeting drug delivery systems
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13. Rate-preprogrammed drug delivery systems Activation-modulated drug
delivery systems
Feedback-regulated drug delivery systems
Site-targeting drug delivery systems
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14. CRDDS
 Modified Release DDS
 Extended Release DDS
 Delayed Release DDS
 Repeated Action DDS
 Prodrug

17. Oral CDDS

18. Prodrug
 Prodrug is an inactive form of drug which gets
metabolized in the body to an active drug.
 Used to overcome the pharmacokinetic disadvantage
of useful drug E.g. : levodopa
 To provide longer duration of action.
e.g. – Procaine Penicillin, Benzathine
pencillin

19. Target drug delivery system dds
 It is a special form of drug delivery system
which implies for selective and effective
localization of the pharmacologically active
moiety at pre-identified (preselected)
targets(s) in therapeutic concentration,
while restricting its access to non-target
normal cellular linings, thus minimizing
toxic effects and maximizing the therapeutic
index.

20. Concept

21. Objective
 To achieve a desired pharmacological response at a
selected sites without undesirable interaction at other
sites, there by the drug have a specific action with
minimum side effects & better therapeutic index.
• Ex- Cancer chemotherapy and
• Proteins & Peptides delivery
 Delivery of drugs to specific part of the body.
Significantly reduce overall drug toxicity while
maintaining therapeutic benefits.

22.  These are programmed to release drugs at a definite rate
either continuously or intermittently in pulses.
–Insulin pump
–GnRH pump
Computerized Miniature Pumps

23. Ocusert
• Thin elliptical micro units
containing drug in reservoir
• Eg : Pilocarpine ocusert used
in Glaucoma placed.
Site : Under lower eyelid delivers
the drug for a period of 7 days
Adv : Pilocarpine is a
short acting drug given 6th
hrly is avoided.

25. Transdermal Adhesive Patch

26. Special delivery forms in
Subcutaneous route
• Dermojet : Needle is not used.
 A high velocity jet of drug solution
injected using gun like implement
and Solution gets deposited in
subcutaneous tissue.
 –Essentially painless and suited for
mass inoculations.
Eg. Insulin

27. Special delivery forms in SC route
• Pellet implantation : Drug in solid pellet form
introduced with a trochar and canula.
 Provides sustained release of drug over weeks
and months. Eg. DOCA, Testosterone

28. Polymers

29. Types of polymers And carriers

30. Polymer microspheres

31. Drug carriers
 Polymeric microspheres
 Polymer micelles
 Biodegradable polymers (natural-cellulose or
synthetic polyanhydrides/polyesters/polyacrylic
acids/polyurethane)
 Dendrimers (star polymers)
 Electro-active polymers
 Magnetic microcarriers
 Modified C-60 fullerenes (bucky balls)
 Hydrogel-type materials

32. Some Drug carriers

33. LIPOSOMES
 Liposomes first described by Dr. A. D. Bingham in 1965.
 The Liposomes are the micro-particular drug carrier one or
more concentric phospholipids bi-layer separated by aqueous
buffer compartments known as “Liposomes”.
 Liposomes is Greek words means
‘Lipo’ mean ‘Fat’ and
‘Somes’ mean ‘Body’.
 Their diameter ranges from 80nm to 100µm.
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34. 34

35. ADVANTAGES
 Liposomes increased efficacy and therapeutic index of drug.
 Liposomes increased stability via. encapsulation.
 Provide selective passive targeting to tumour tissues.
 Improved pharmacokinetic effects (reduced elimination,
increased circulation life time).
 Liposomes reduce the toxicity of the encapsulation.
 Facilitation of transport across membranes. 35

36. DISADVANTAGES
 Low solubility.
 Short half-life.
 Sometimes phospholipid undergoes oxidation and hydrolysis
like reaction.
 Production cost is high.
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38.  Nanoparticles are sub-nanosized colloidal structures composed
of synthetic or semi-synthetic polymers.”
 Size range : 10–1000 nm.
 The drug is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated or attached to a
nanoparticle matrix.
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39.  Nanocapsules :- Nanocapsules are systems in which the drug
is confined to a cavity surrounded by a unique polymer
membrane.
 Nanospheres :- Nanospheres are matrix systems in which the
drug is physically and uniformly dispersed.
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40.  Nanoparticles have many applications, including
anti-tumour therapy, gene therapy, AIDS therapy,
radiotherapy, in the delivery of proteins,
antibiotics, virostatics, vaccines and as vesicles to
pass the blood-brain barrier.

41.  Nanoparticle can be administered by parenteral, oral, nasal,
ocular routes.
 By attaching specific ligands on to their surfaces, nanoparticles
can be used for directing the drugs to specific target cells.
 Improves stability and therapeutics index and reduce toxic
affects.
 Both active & passive drug targetting can be achieved by
manipulating the particle size and surface characteristics of
nanoparticles.
ADVANTAGES
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42.  Small size & large surface area can lead to particle aggregation.
 Physical handling of nanoparticles is difficult in liquid and dry
forms.
 Limited drug loading.
 Toxic metabolites may form.
DISADVANTAGES
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43. Nano-Robots
 Nano-Robots in treatment of cancer.

44. THANK YOU