Uploaded bySandeep Mewada
Parenteral administration
This document discusses various parenteral routes of drug administration including intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal, and subcutaneous. It outlines the advantages as the fastest onset of action and ability to administer drugs when the oral route is not possible. Disadvantages include potential for infection, tissue damage, and short duration of action for intravenous specifically. Proper administration techniques are important to ensure safety and efficacy.
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Parenteral administration
- 3. • Tissue infiltration •Intra articular • Intradermal • Epidural
- 4. • Subaraclinord • Intra-arterial •Intrathecal • Intrathoracic • Intracardiac
- 5. • Intramedullary • Intratesticular •Intralesional • Subconjuctival • Intramammary
- 6. Advantages of Parenteralroute of drug administration:- • 1. Bioavailability is faster and more predictable. • 2. Gastric irritation and vomiting are provoked. • 3. Parenteral routes could be used in unconscious, uncooperative and vomiting patient.
- 7. Advantages of Parenteralroute of drug administration:- • 4. There are no chances of interference by food or digestive enzymes. • 5. Liver enzymes are by-passed. • 6. It essential sometimes in the absorption of the active form of the drug.
- 8. Disadvantages of Parenteralroute of drug administration:-
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- 12. ADVANTAGE INTRAVENOUS ROUTE:- •This route is often used in drug administration in life threatening situations. • The drug would have rapid onset of action. • Irritating and non-isotonic solutions can be administered intravenously, since the intimae of the vein are insensitive
- 13. DISADVANTAGE INTRAVENOUS ROUTE:- • Thedrugs administered by this method have short duration of action. • Thrombophlebitis of veins • Necrosis of adjoining tissue. • Severe adverse effect especially when organs such as liver, heart, brain are involved in toxicity
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- 20. Other forms ofsubcutaneous route include:-
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- 33. Advantages and Disadvantagesof the Topical Route:-
- 34. Advantages and Disadvantagesof the Topical Route:-
- 35. Advantages and Disadvantagesof the Topical Route:-
- 36. Advantages and Disadvantagesof the Topical Route:- – emulsion foams – sponges – inserts – suppositories – ointments – tablets – solutions
- 38. Advantages and Disadvantagesof the Topical Route:-
- 39. Advantages and Disadvantagesof the Topical Route:-
- 40. Advantages and Disadvantagesof the Topical Route:-
- 41. Dispensing and AdministeringTopical Medications:-
- 42. Ointments, Creams, Lotions,and Gels
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- 52. Ophthalmic Medications • Whenmultiple drops of more than one medication are to be administered, the patient should wait 5 minutes between different medications – the first drop may be washed away • If an ointment and a drop are used together, the drop is used first – wait 10 minutes before applying the ointment
- 53. Ophthalmic Medications:- • Ointmentsare generally applied at night – drug form of choice when extended contact with the medication is desired – remind patient that some temporary blurring of vision may occur after application
- 54. Otic Medications:- • Mustbe at room temperature or body temperature – heated drops may cause rupturing of the eardrum – cold drops can cause vertigo and discomfort • Old medication should be removed along with any drainage before applying fresh medication • Alcohol causes pain and burning sensation – should not be used if the patient has a ruptured tympanic membrane (eardrum)
- 55. Optic Medications:- Patients under3 should have lobes pulled down and back. Patients over 3 should should have lobes pulled up and back
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- 59. Inhaled Medications If anMDI contains a steroid, the patient should rinse the mouth thoroughly after dose to prevent oral fungal infection.
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- 61. Inhaled Medications:- Proper administrationof aerosolized medications: 1. Shake canister well 2. “Prime” by pressing down and activating a practice dose. 3. Insert canister into a mouthpiece or spacer to reduce the amount of drug deposited on the back of the throat. 4. Breathe out and hold spacer between lips making a seal. 5. Activate MDI and take a deep slow inhalation. 6. Hold breath briefly and slowly exhale through the nose.
- 62. Vaginal Medications:- • Indicatedfor –bacterial or fungal infection –hormone replacement therapy • The patient is instructed to use the medication for the prescribed period to ensure effective treatment
- 63. Vaginal Medications Application shouldfollow a specific technique: 1. Begin with an empty bladder and washed hands. 2. Open the container and place dose in applicator. 3. Lubricate applicator with water-soluble lubricant if not pre-lubricated. 4. Lie down, spread the legs, open the labia with one hand, and insert the applicator about two inches into the vagina with the other hand. 5. Release labia; use free hand to push applicator plunger. 6. Withdraw the applicator and wash the hands.
- 64. Rectal Medications:- • Suppository –remove suppository from its package – insert small tapered end first with index finger for the full length of the finger – may need to be lubricated with a water-soluble gel to ease insertion • Enemas – rectal injection of a solution
- 65. Rectal Medications Refrigeration maymake insertion of rectal medications easier in warm climates.
- 66. Parenteral Routes ofAdministration:- • Parenteral administration is injection or infusion by means of a needle or catheter inserted into the body • Parenteral forms deserve special attention – complexity – widespread use – potential for therapeutic benefit and danger • The term Parenteral comes from Greek words – Para, meaning outside – enter on, meaning the intestine • This route of administration bypasses the alimentary canal
- 67. Parenteral Dose Forms:- •Parenteral preparations must be sterile – free of microorganisms • To ensure sterility, parenterals are prepared using – aseptic techniques – special clothing (gowns, masks, hair net, gloves) – laminar flow hoods placed in special rooms
- 68. Parenteral Dose Forms:- •IV route – directly into a vein • Prepared in hospitals and home healthcare pharmacies – antibiotics – chemotherapy – nutrition – critical care medications
- 69. Parenteral Dose Forms •Intramuscular (IM) injections – into a muscle • Subcutaneous injections – under the skin • Intradermal (ID) injections – into the skin
- 70. Parenteral Dose Forms:- •Disposable syringes and needles are used to administer drugs by injection • Different sizes are available depending on the type of mediation and injection needed
- 71. Advantages and Disadvantagesof the Parenteral Route • The IV route is the fastest method for delivering systemic drugs – preferred administration in an emergency situation • It can provide fluids, electrolytes, and nutrition – patients who cannot take food or have serious problems with the GI tract • It provides higher concentration of drug to bloodstream or tissues – advantageous in serious bacterial infection
- 72. Advantages and Disadvantagesof the Parenteral Route:-
- 73. Advantages and Disadvantagesof the Parenteral Route:-
- 75. Advantages and Disadvantagesof the Parenteral Route:-
- 76. Parenteral Dose Forms Donot use SQ or SC abbreviations. Instead, write out subcutaneous to minimize potential medication errors.
- 77. Advantages and Disadvantagesof the Parenteral Route:-
- 78. Dispensing and Administering ParenteralMedications:-
- 79. Dispensing and Administering ParenteralMedications:-
- 80. Intravenous Injections orInfusions:-
- 81. Intravenous Injections orInfusions:-
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