This document discusses the importance and requirements of urban mass transportation systems, highlighting factors affecting travel demand, types of mass transit such as road and rail-based, and advantages including environmental and economic impacts. It emphasizes the growing demand for public transport in Indian cities due to urbanization and population growth, and addresses necessary integrations for efficient public transit systems. Challenges such as high costs, safety concerns, and service reliability are also noted.

1. Gujarat Technological University
Tatva Institute of Technological Studies, Modasa
“ Urban Mass Transportation System ”
Guided By: Presented By:
Dr. H. R. Varia Bhavya S. Patel (170900713008)
Department of Civil Engineering
M.E. Transportation Engineering Semester 1
December 2017

2. Index
 Introduction to Urban Mass Transportation System
 Requirement of Mass transportation system
 Concept of travel demand for modeling
-Aspects in travel demand
 Factors affecting travel demand
 Sequential & Simultaneous models
-Aggregate & Disaggregate approach
 Types of Mass transit system
 Advantages of Mass Transportation System
 Opportunities in Mass Transportation System

3. Urban Mass Transportation
Urbanization + Transport = Urban Mass Transportation
Cities (Urban Areas) play a vital role in promoting
economic growth and prosperity of a nation.
 The development of cities largely depends upon their physical,
social, and institutional infrastructure. Transport demand in
most Indian cities has increased substantially, due to increases
in population as a result of both natural increase and migration
from rural areas and smaller towns.

4. Urbanization Trend : India
Parameter 1951 2001 2011
Population (million) 361 1027 1210
Urban Population (million)
(Level of Urbanisation)
Metropolitan Cities
62.4
(17.2%)
5
285
(27.7%)
35
377
(31.1%)
53
(Population in million)
Metro Population
(11.9)
3.3%
(107.88)
10.5%
(160.70)
13.3%
(% of Total Population)
Metro Population 18.8% 37.8% 42.6%
(% of Urban Population)
Ave. Population / Metro 2.35 mill. 3.08 mill. 3.03 mill.
Source: Census of India Report

5. Requirement of Mass transit system

6. Vehicle Population: Ownership Profile

7. Travel Options???
360 moped or 300 Cars or 6 Buses or 1 Metro
To solve the traffic congestion problem, the best method is encourage the use of
public transport or mass transport.

8. Share of Public Transport

9. Planning Approach….Reversal Needed….

10. Concept of travel demand
 Travel demand :- it refers to the amount and type of
travel people would choose under specific
conditions. considering factors such as the quality of
transport option available and their prices.
 Hidden demand:- it refers to decisions related to
creation and management of transportation and
traffic facilities.

11. Transportation demand :-It is concentrated at
specific times that are related to the current activity
pattern of the society for example social and
recreational trips. also in such type of demand
forecasts will be poor.

12. Major Aspects in travel demand
Land use :- It refers to pattern of land usage in
an area. Land use affects the transportation
demand through generation and distribution of
trips.
Trip purpose:- It refers to purpose for which
the trip is being undertaken. A trip is a
movement from origin to destination, the
distance between origin and destination is
called trip length. and the time taken is known
as trip time.

13. Factors affecting travel demand
 Socio-economic factors
 Location factors
 Public transport accessibility factors

14. Socio-economic factors :
Household income
Occupation status
Family size and composition of household
Cultural aspects
Number of cars per household

15. Location factors
Population
Residential density
Distance of household from town center( central
business district)

16.  Public transport accessibility factors
Nearness of public transport facility
Efficiency and reliability of public transport
Fare structure, routing etc.
. Factors affecting choice of travel mode
 Purpose of trip
 Distance traveled
 Income of traveler
 Occupational status of the traveler

17. Sequential and simultaneous models
 It consists of four descriptors.
Trip frequency
Destination
Mode
Route and other choice

18. S
E
Q
U
E
N
T
I
A
L
M
O
D
E
L

19. Aggregate and disaggregate approaches
. Aggregate approach:- This develops relationship
between trip production and attraction with appropriate
independent variable, at zone level, using regression analysis. It
refers to grouped data & pattern but may vary from zone to
zone.(simultaneous models)
. Disaggregate approach :- This is based on
development of equations describing independent variable on the
trip making as a basic unit. Data required is based on household
characteristics.(sequential models)

20. Urban mass transit system
It is based on two types and they are as follows :-
1. Road based transit
2. Rail based transit

21. Road base transit involves
 Buses and coach
 City buses / commuter buses
 BRTS

22. Rail based transit
 Trains
 Commuter rails & suburban rails
 Metro trains
 Mono rail
 Light rail transit system
 Sky rail

23. Metro Train
• Rapid Rail Transit
• Very High Capacity
• Low Air Pollution
• High Noise Pollution
• 25 to 60 kmph
• High Cost
• 20000-90000
PPHPD

24. Mono Rail
 It comprises of a single rail track with vehicle
suspended from or straddling the guide way
World’s Longest Straddle-
type Monorail
in southwest China
MONORAIL train
in Sydney CBD,
Ausralia
"Electric Elevated
Railway (Suspension
Railway, Germany.
Chongqing Rail
Transit,china

25. Light Rail Transit System
 Lighter vehicles & lighter track
 Exclusive ROW ,Underground or on embankments
Jakarta Light Rail
Transit,Indonesia
Vancouver
city Columbia, Canada.
LRT in Surrey, south east of England

26. Sky Rail
 It is modified version of LRT automatic.
 Chances of accidents are reduced due to complete
automation.
 Capital cost is high
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwji5bajtK7TAhVFqY8KHZ
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Kjrkoh4p8oqREzTRA&ust=1492618744987611

27. Advantages of mass transit system
 Environmental impacts
 Social impacts
 Fuel saving
 Economic impacts
 Freight impacts
 Reduces congestion
 Save time
Sustainable
 Cost effective
Social

28. Opportunities in Mass transit system

29. Opportunities in Mass transit system
• Corridor Integration
• Pedestrian Integration
What needs
to be
Integrated
…………?
• Bicycle Integration
• Other Public Transport
Systems Integration
• Para-Transit Or
Intermediate Public
Transport Integration
and Ride
Integration
• Park

30. Opportunities in Mass transit system
 Everyday lives
are taken for
granted in
urban areas

31. URBAN TRANSPORTATION:
SOME TYPICAL SCENES

32. Opportunities in Mass transit system
Public Awareness
……….Changing people’s
choice of travel from
private vehicles to public
transport……??????

33. Opportunities in Mass transit system
 Its setup is incredible expensive
 Possibility of attacked or being robbed
 Malfunctioning of equipment as well as service
disruptions caused due to labor strikes
 Passengers may be attacked by infectious diseases
 Late night safety is not assured
 Accident may cause large casualties
 Change in time of certain buses may cause
inconvenience to passengers