Urban transportation systems face increasing demand as populations grow. Mass transit systems can help address congestion by providing alternatives to private vehicles. There are two main types of mass transit - road-based systems like buses and rail-based systems like trains, metros, monorails and light rail. These systems have advantages like reducing environmental impacts, fuel use, and congestion. Opportunities for mass transit include integrating different modes of transportation and raising public awareness of transit options. However, mass transit also faces challenges like high infrastructure costs and ensuring passenger safety and reliability of service.

1. URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSYTEM
By
Prof. Dhananjay M

2. Index
Introduction to Urban Mass Transportation System
Requirement of Mass transportation system
Concept of travel demand for modeling
-Aspects in travel demand
Factors affecting travel demand
Sequential & Simultaneous models
-Aggregate & Disaggregate approach
Types of Mass transit system
Advantages of Mass Transportation System
Opportunities in Mass Transportation System

3. Urban Mass Transportation
➢Urbanization + Transport = Urban Mass Transportation
➢Cities (Urban Areas) play a vital role in promoting
economic growth and prosperity of a nation.
The development of cities largely depends upon their physical,
social, and institutional infrastructure. Transport demand in
most Indian cities has increased substantially, due to increases
in population as a result of both natural increase and migration
from rural areas and smaller towns.

4. Urbanization Trend : India
Parameter 1951 2001 2011
Population (million) 361 1027 1210
Urban Population (million)
(Level of Urbanisation)
62.4
(17.2%)
285
(27.7%)
377
(31.1%)
Metropolitan Cities
(Population in million)
5
(11.9)
35
(107.88)
53
(160.70)
Metro Population
(% of Total Population)
3.3% 10.5% 13.3%
Metro Population
(% of Urban Population)
18.8% 37.8% 42.6%
Ave. Population / Metro 2.35 mill. 3.08 mill. 3.03 mill.
Source: Census of India Report

5. Requirement of Mass transit system

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7. Transit Use by City Size
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
50000 100000 500000 1000000
Transit
Trips
Population
Captive Riders Choice Riders
Source: VTPI, 2011

8. 9
360 moped or 300 Cars or 6 Buses or 1 Metro
To solve the traffic congestion problem, the best method is encourage the use of
public transport or mass transport.
Travel Options???

9. Share of Public Transport

10. Planning Approach….Reversal Needed….

11. Concept of travel demand
Travel demand :- it refers to the amount and type of
travel people would choose under specific
conditions. considering factors such as the quality of
transport option available and their prices.
Hidden demand:- it refers to decisions related to
creation and management of transportation and
traffic facilities.

12. Transportation demand :-It is concentrated at
specific times that are related to the current activity
pattern of the society for example social and
recreational trips. also in such type of demand
forecasts will be poor.

13. Major Aspects in travel demand
Land use :- It refers to pattern of land usage in
an area. Land use affects the transportation
demand through generation and distribution of
trips.
Trip purpose:- It refers to purpose for which
the trip is being undertaken. A trip is a
movement from origin to destination, the
distance between origin and destination is
called trip length. and the time taken is known
as trip time.

14. Factors affecting travel demand
Socio-economic factors
Location factors
Public transport accessibility factors

15. Socio-economic factors :
➢Household income
➢Occupation status
➢Family size and composition of household
➢Cultural aspects
➢Number of cars per household

16. Location factors
➢Population
➢Residential density
➢Distance of household from town center( central
business district)

17. Public transport accessibility factors
➢Nearness of public transport facility
➢Efficiency and reliability of public transport
➢Fare structure, routing etc.
▪ Factors affecting choice of travel mode
✓ Purpose of trip
✓ Distance traveled
✓ Income of traveler
✓ Occupational status of the traveler

18. Sequential and simultaneous models
It consists of four descriptors.
➢Trip frequency
➢Destination
➢Mode
➢Route and other choice

19. S
E
Q
U
E
N
T
I
A
L
M
O
D
E
L

20. Aggregate and disaggregate approaches
▪ Aggregate approach:- This develops
between trip production and attraction with
relationship
appropriate
independent variable, at zone level, using regression analysis. It
refers to grouped data & pattern but may vary from zone to
zone.(simultaneous models)
▪ Disaggregate approach :- This is based on
development of equations describing independent variable on the
trip making as a basic unit. Data required is based on household
characteristics.(sequential models)

21. Urban mass transit system
It is based on two types and they are as follows :-
1. Road based transit
2. Rail based transit

22. Road base transit involves
Buses and coach
City buses / commuter buses
BRTS

23. Rail based transit
Trains
Commuter rails & suburban rails
Metro trains
Mono rail
Light rail transit system
Sky rail

24. Metro Train
• Rapid Rail Transit
• Very High Capacity
• Low Air Pollution
• High Noise Pollution
• 25 to 60 kmph
• High Cost
Mumbai Metro Train Ride

25. Mono Rail
MONORAIL train
in Sydney CBD,
Ausralia
It comprises of a single rail track with vehicle
suspended from or straddling the guide way
World’s Longest Straddle-
type Monorail
in southwest China
Chongqing Rail
Transit,china
"Electric Elevated
Railway (Suspension
Railway, Germany.

26. Light Rail Transit System
Lighter vehicles & lighter track
Exclusive ROW ,Underground or on embankments
Jakarta Light Rail
Transit,Indonesia
Vancouver
city Columbia, Canada.
LRT in Surrey, south east of England

27. Sky Rail
It is modified version of LRT automatic.
Chances of accidents are reduced due to complete
automation.
Capital cost is high
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwji5bajtK7TAhVFqY8KHZ
jVAkUQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riskovik.com%2Farbitrage%2Fpsn%2Ffull%2F1033%2F&psig=AFQjCNGmO9hcVwMdY
Kjrkoh4p8oqREzTRA&ust=1492618744987611

28. Advantages of mass transit system
Environmental impacts
Social impacts
Fuel saving
Economic impacts
Freight impacts
Reduces congestion
Save time
Cost effective
Sustainable
Social

29. Opportunities in Mass transit system

30. • Corridor Integration
• Pedestrian Integration
• Bicycle Integration
• Other Public Transport
Systems Integration
• Para-Transit
Intermediate
Or
Public
Transport Integration
• Park and Ride
Integration
What needs
to be
Integrated
…………?
Opportunities in Mass transit system

31. Opportunities in Mass transit
system
Everyday lives
are taken for
granted in
urban areas

32. Source:Google.com
URBAN TRANSPORTATION:
SOME TYPICAL SCENES

33. Opportunities in Mass transit system

34. Opportunities in Mass transit system
Public Awareness
……….Changing people’s
choice of travel from
private vehicles to public
transport……??????

35. Opportunities in Mass transit system
Its setup is incredible expensive
Possibility of attacked or being robbed
Malfunctioning of equipment as well as service
disruptions caused due to labor strikes
Passengers may be attacked by infectious diseases
Late night safety is not assured
Accident may cause large casualties
Change in time of certain buses may cause
inconvenience to passengers

36. Refrence
Urban Transportation System –Atul Prakashan By
Dr.R.P.Rethaliya
http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~dhingra/ce751.htm
http://nptel.ac.in
http://iihs.co.in/knowledge-gateway/wp-
content/uploads/2015/07/RF-Working-Paper-
Transport_edited_09062015_Final_reduced-
size.pdf
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0Bz4FPosKK0L
DLVlyYmVId2s2a2M