International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a peer reviewed online journal for professionals and researchers in the field of computer science. The main aim is to resolve emerging and outstanding problems revealed by recent social and technological change. IJRES provides the platform for the researchers to present and evaluate their work from both theoretical and technical aspects and to share their views.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Impact of New Public Transportation System in Nagpur CityIJERD Editor
Transport in Nagpur is important due to Nagpur's strategic location in a central India. It is a fast
growing metrocity and is the third most populous city in Maharashtra after Pune and Mumbai. also one of the
country's most industrialized cities.
Due to increase in population as well as transportation Nagpur mahanager palica NMPL company formed
which gives contract to Vansh Nimay Infraprojects (VNIL) to run city buses but due to increase in
transportation and increase in population in Nagpur city it found that there is a numerous problem face by city
buses to gave safe and efficient facility to public due to these public in Nagpur city were diverting towards the
private transportation. So there is immediately need to improve public transportation which can improve by Bus
Rapid Transit (BRT) system which is new transport system provide safety and mobility to road users.
In these projects we show the Impact of public transportation system such as Conjunction, Delay, Incident,
Increase traffic condition. For this various data of the existing public transportation (star bus ) is collected such
as accident data, Problem face by people, traffic data collection for how star bus face the problem and extra
time taken to reach destiny
Keyword:- Public transport network, Bus Rapid Transit system, safety, star bus, Conjunction.
Public transportation network, Intelligent Transportation system the timed management, schedule of city bus
with withdrawal to taken, discrete waiting and travelling times of city.
Mainly talks about the traffic jams and management countermeasuresIJERA Editor
With the economic development of China's large and medium-sized cities and city scale expands unceasingly, city
traffic congestion problem is also growing, has become a bottleneck hindering the development of the city further.
At present, governance urban traffic problem is the first strategic task of traffic congestion. Congestion,
maximizing efficiency, convenient travel is to be solved.
Conceptualizing Sustainable Transportation for City of Pune, India.IJERA Editor
This document discusses conceptualizing sustainable transportation for the city of Pune, India. It summarizes that Pune is experiencing rapid urban sprawl and the associated negative impacts on sustainability from increased resource consumption and pollution. The paper explores how different land use and transportation infrastructure expansion could impact urban sustainability. It reviews literature on the relationship between land use and travel behavior. A survey was conducted in Pune that found long commute times, traffic congestion, inadequate bus services and overcrowding. The document concludes that sustainable transportation like walking, cycling and public transit can reduce emissions while ensuring mobility, and that urban planning is essential to create compact, coordinated development.
Study of Key Factors Determinant Choice of Rail-Based Mass TransitIJERA Editor
Pursuant to regulations of the Ministry of Transportation in 2002 about the type of transport based on the city
size, the metropolis with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants are required to have the urban mass
transit. Nevertheless, until now not all city-scale population of more than 1 million have mass public transport,
either bus or rail-based. Especially for rail-based mass transit, indicated the existing regulations have not been
able to challenge the development of rail-based urban mass transit. Learning from the literature study and the
experience of countries that already have rail-based urban mass transit it has acquired nine main factors to be
taken into account in developing a rail-based urban public transportation. This study was conducted by using
Analytical Hierarchy Process method which was further validated through the implementation of the On Focus
Group Discussion in the Jakarta City Transportation Council (DTKJ) as well as in the City Development
Planning Board (Bappeko) Surabaya. Finally, the initial result shown five sequences determining factor for the
determinant choice of rail-based mass transit, namely: fiscal or economic capacity of the region and society,
transport policy, integrated public transport, land use, fare and travel time. Furthermore, the acquisition results
of this study can be applied to the selected cities to address the challenges to urban mass transit development.
This PPT is based on urban transportation system. Name of this ppt is Urban mass transit system. Different types of mass transportation system are described in this powerpoint presentation.
This document discusses land use and transportation planning. It begins with introductions to land use, which refers to how humans use land for activities like agriculture, residences, commerce, and industry, and transportation planning, which involves planning transportation infrastructure like roads and public transit. A key issue is how population migration from rural to urban areas has changed land use patterns and generated demand for new transportation facilities. The document then outlines the cycle of how land use changes can increase traffic and eventually lead to improved transportation services and increased land values. It reviews policies for better integrating land use and transportation planning like nodal development and access management. The benefits of integrated planning include more travel options, efficient goods movement, improved safety, and reduced environmental impacts. The
ALTERNATE ROPEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEM FOR MANPADA ROADcivej
Cities grow in dynamic complex patterns, creating many problems. The study area of Dombivli - Manpada road has grown haphazardly in past decade due to population xplosion. Manpada road attracts heavy traffic but due to narrow roads and inefficient transit options, it leads to severe traffic congestion, side friction, delays, stress, accidents and other problems. Alternate ropeway transit system provides a better
public transit option and plays important role in reducing use of fossil fuels thus helping fight climate change. Total travel during peak hours is expected to double from 48000 to 88000 by 2031 which needs to be supported by various public transits. Cost benefit analysis is used here for evaluating desirability of project by weighting benefits against costs. Ropeway is expected to provide sustainable development,
efficient and effective public transit option and contribute to protection and enhancement of environment.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Impact of New Public Transportation System in Nagpur CityIJERD Editor
Transport in Nagpur is important due to Nagpur's strategic location in a central India. It is a fast
growing metrocity and is the third most populous city in Maharashtra after Pune and Mumbai. also one of the
country's most industrialized cities.
Due to increase in population as well as transportation Nagpur mahanager palica NMPL company formed
which gives contract to Vansh Nimay Infraprojects (VNIL) to run city buses but due to increase in
transportation and increase in population in Nagpur city it found that there is a numerous problem face by city
buses to gave safe and efficient facility to public due to these public in Nagpur city were diverting towards the
private transportation. So there is immediately need to improve public transportation which can improve by Bus
Rapid Transit (BRT) system which is new transport system provide safety and mobility to road users.
In these projects we show the Impact of public transportation system such as Conjunction, Delay, Incident,
Increase traffic condition. For this various data of the existing public transportation (star bus ) is collected such
as accident data, Problem face by people, traffic data collection for how star bus face the problem and extra
time taken to reach destiny
Keyword:- Public transport network, Bus Rapid Transit system, safety, star bus, Conjunction.
Public transportation network, Intelligent Transportation system the timed management, schedule of city bus
with withdrawal to taken, discrete waiting and travelling times of city.
Mainly talks about the traffic jams and management countermeasuresIJERA Editor
With the economic development of China's large and medium-sized cities and city scale expands unceasingly, city
traffic congestion problem is also growing, has become a bottleneck hindering the development of the city further.
At present, governance urban traffic problem is the first strategic task of traffic congestion. Congestion,
maximizing efficiency, convenient travel is to be solved.
Conceptualizing Sustainable Transportation for City of Pune, India.IJERA Editor
This document discusses conceptualizing sustainable transportation for the city of Pune, India. It summarizes that Pune is experiencing rapid urban sprawl and the associated negative impacts on sustainability from increased resource consumption and pollution. The paper explores how different land use and transportation infrastructure expansion could impact urban sustainability. It reviews literature on the relationship between land use and travel behavior. A survey was conducted in Pune that found long commute times, traffic congestion, inadequate bus services and overcrowding. The document concludes that sustainable transportation like walking, cycling and public transit can reduce emissions while ensuring mobility, and that urban planning is essential to create compact, coordinated development.
Study of Key Factors Determinant Choice of Rail-Based Mass TransitIJERA Editor
Pursuant to regulations of the Ministry of Transportation in 2002 about the type of transport based on the city
size, the metropolis with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants are required to have the urban mass
transit. Nevertheless, until now not all city-scale population of more than 1 million have mass public transport,
either bus or rail-based. Especially for rail-based mass transit, indicated the existing regulations have not been
able to challenge the development of rail-based urban mass transit. Learning from the literature study and the
experience of countries that already have rail-based urban mass transit it has acquired nine main factors to be
taken into account in developing a rail-based urban public transportation. This study was conducted by using
Analytical Hierarchy Process method which was further validated through the implementation of the On Focus
Group Discussion in the Jakarta City Transportation Council (DTKJ) as well as in the City Development
Planning Board (Bappeko) Surabaya. Finally, the initial result shown five sequences determining factor for the
determinant choice of rail-based mass transit, namely: fiscal or economic capacity of the region and society,
transport policy, integrated public transport, land use, fare and travel time. Furthermore, the acquisition results
of this study can be applied to the selected cities to address the challenges to urban mass transit development.
This PPT is based on urban transportation system. Name of this ppt is Urban mass transit system. Different types of mass transportation system are described in this powerpoint presentation.
This document discusses land use and transportation planning. It begins with introductions to land use, which refers to how humans use land for activities like agriculture, residences, commerce, and industry, and transportation planning, which involves planning transportation infrastructure like roads and public transit. A key issue is how population migration from rural to urban areas has changed land use patterns and generated demand for new transportation facilities. The document then outlines the cycle of how land use changes can increase traffic and eventually lead to improved transportation services and increased land values. It reviews policies for better integrating land use and transportation planning like nodal development and access management. The benefits of integrated planning include more travel options, efficient goods movement, improved safety, and reduced environmental impacts. The
ALTERNATE ROPEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEM FOR MANPADA ROADcivej
Cities grow in dynamic complex patterns, creating many problems. The study area of Dombivli - Manpada road has grown haphazardly in past decade due to population xplosion. Manpada road attracts heavy traffic but due to narrow roads and inefficient transit options, it leads to severe traffic congestion, side friction, delays, stress, accidents and other problems. Alternate ropeway transit system provides a better
public transit option and plays important role in reducing use of fossil fuels thus helping fight climate change. Total travel during peak hours is expected to double from 48000 to 88000 by 2031 which needs to be supported by various public transits. Cost benefit analysis is used here for evaluating desirability of project by weighting benefits against costs. Ropeway is expected to provide sustainable development,
efficient and effective public transit option and contribute to protection and enhancement of environment.
Note on T&T Issues in GM and MCGM's Initiatives and Policies_13th Jan 2015_V3Abhinav miryala
The document summarizes traffic and transportation issues in the Greater Mumbai region and initiatives by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) to address these issues. Some key points:
- Greater Mumbai has a high population density and limited land area, contributing to traffic congestion issues. MCGM has implemented various infrastructure projects like the Area Traffic Control System and is developing plans like the Coastal Road Project and Comprehensive Mobility Plan.
- The Comprehensive Mobility Plan assesses transportation needs up to 2034 and recommends strategies across all modes of transport to improve mobility. This includes improving public transport, expanding road and parking infrastructure, and promoting walking and cycling.
- MCGM has also formulated
Webinar: Land Use-Transport Interactions: Evidence from and Implications for ...BRTCoE
This document summarizes research on the interactions between land use and transportation. It begins with an overview of the theoretical framework showing how land use and transportation influence each other. It then provides examples at different scales, from macro/metropolitan down to micro/neighborhood. At the macro scale, it examines trends in urbanization and suburbanization globally. At the meso/intra-metropolitan scale, it analyzes the effects of planning policies on land use and travel in the Netherlands. At the micro/neighborhood scale, it studies the impact of built environment factors on transit use and walkability near BRT stations in Boston and Jinan, China. The document concludes by discussing implications for both "transportation as a function of land use
Providing Transportation Choices: The Region of Durham ExperienceSmart Commute
Written by: Jeffrey Brooks, MCIP, RPP, Ramesh Jagannathan, P.Eng, PTOE, Colleen Goodchild, MCIP, RPP
Presented at: Canadian Institute of Transportation Engineers, Toronto, May 2007
This document provides information on various modes of transportation in India and their key characteristics. It discusses different land, water, and air transportation modes. For land transportation, it describes various road classifications and characteristics of the Indian railway system. It also covers inland waterways, coastal and ocean shipping. The document discusses speed, safety, adequacy, frequency, comfort and other factors for comparing different transportation modes. It provides data on traffic volumes, speeds and densities which are important for road design.
Analysis of Road Transport Dynamics in Gombe City, Gombe State, NigeriaAJSERJournal
Road transportation, particularly in developing world continuous to be among the crucial factors of global
change in the 21st century affecting the physical dimension of cities. As such, the paper examines the road transport
development in Gombe city. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, road maps of Gombe metropolis of
1996, 2005 and 2014 were acquired to determine the changes in road network development using alpha, beta and
gamma indices and 282 copies of questionnaire were distributed to assess the effects of road transport development on
commercial activities in the study area. The results of the computation of gamma: 56.9%, 57.9% and 60.0%, beta: 1.61,
1.70 and 1.80 and alpha 31.3%, 35.3% and 38.9% indices indicated that there is a significant increase in road
connectivity in Gombe metropolis from 1996 through the 2005 to 2014. Further results revealed 95% of the
respondents indicated that improvement in road network affects movement and economic activities in many ways
which include: provision of access to commercial outfits which bring about profit by locating along major roads,
junctions and roundabouts which in turn result to increase in income, improvement in standard of living and reduction
in poverty. It is therefore, concluded that road transport development dictate the pattern of urban commercial outfits
and also affects commercial activities positively. The study discovered the importance of road transport infrastructure
to the improvement of commercial activities in the study area. It is consequently, recommended that more roads should
be constructed, renovated and dualyzed in order to improve and diversify the commercial nature of Gombe metropolis.
The study further exposed that urban roads are given more priority in Gombe State. Thus, recommended that rural
roads should be improved to harness the economic potentials in the state at large.
Influence of resource capability on the national transport policy implementat...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study examining the adequacy and appropriateness of resources in Nigeria's transport industry for implementing the country's National Transport Policy. The study involved surveying managers at 127 transport firms in Nigeria. The findings revealed that the resources available in the transport industry were significantly above average in terms of being adequate and appropriate for policy implementation. However, the document notes that Nigeria's transport infrastructure is deteriorating rapidly and service quality is falling, despite significant government expenditures. It recommends modifying the policy to increase focus on sustainability goals if further progress is to be made.
The Driving Factors Behind Successful Carpool Formation and UseSmart Commute
This document summarizes a study examining factors that influence successful carpool formation and use through an online carpooling service called Carpool Zone. The study aims to understand individual and spatial factors that affect carpooling by analyzing user data from Carpool Zone. Previous literature found that costs, scheduling, and access to potential matches are important influences on carpooling. The study will analyze user characteristics, vehicle access, attitudes, and match accessibility to understand carpooling behavior. Insights from the study could help improve carpooling programs and policies.
Making cities more competitive the economic case for public transportTristan Wiggill
A presentation by Adv Alma Nel (Director: Legal and Policy Research: Gauteng Provincial Government) at the Transport Forum Month of Transport Celebrations 1 October 2015 hosted by University of Johannesburg. The theme for the event was: "Trends in Policy Development for Transport" and the topic for the presentation was: "Making cities more competitive The Economic Case for Public Transport."
More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
Increasing the Road Capacity Not Always Improves the Travel Time: A Before an...IJERA Editor
This document analyzes the impact of reopening a formerly pedestrianized central square in Tirana, Albania to motor vehicle traffic. Data on travel times, waiting times, and passenger movement was collected for buses and passenger cars before and after the reopening. While travel times decreased in the central square, they increased in surrounding areas. Additionally, public transportation became overcrowded, pushing some passengers to use cars instead. In conclusion, reopening the square to cars did not truly solve congestion issues but rather shifted them to other parts of the transportation system. Encouraging alternative modes like biking or walking is presented as a more sustainable solution.
An increase in population has led to the growth of traffic in India. To ease the traffic situation in the country and make travel convenient for the people, the government has introduced the metro rail in many cities. It is a cheap mode of travel, which helps in reducing the energy consumption, is eco friendly, and is the reason behind the prevention of accidents. The modern design of metro coaches, the stylish appearance of metro stations, and superior comfort facilities are some of the reasons why metro is becoming popular in India. Ashwini Waghmare | Masarrat Khan | Maliha Tabassum | Vishaka Nagarkar | Prof. Tasneem Hasan | Imran Ahmed "Nagpur Metro Indicator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30305.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30305/nagpur-metro-indicator/ashwini-waghmare
Land Use and Transport Integrated Policies in Peripheral AreasHenar Salas-Olmedo
This presentation summarizes the paper presented at the European Transport Conference in 2009 available at: http://etcproceedings.org/paper/land-use-and-transport-integrated-policies-in-peripheral-areas
It puts forward land use and transport measures to be applied within integrated policies so as to improve sustainability and regional cohesion in peripheral areas.
The document summarizes an appraisal study of the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) in Surat, India. The BRTS Phase 1 corridor from Udhna Darwaja to Sachin GIDC was selected for analysis. Surveys found that while BRTS provided faster journey times than auto-rickshaws, it lacked accessibility for passengers at intermediate stops. As a result, 60% of passengers preferred auto-rickshaws to BRTS during peak hours. The study concluded that improving accessibility at stops is needed to make BRTS more sustainable and preferred over the entire route.
Assessing impact of metro stations integrating commercial landuse & trans...Vivek Agnihotri
The study had been done as a dissertation for the academic requirement to be fulfilled for Master in City Planning (Department of Architecture & Regional Planning | Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) in the year of 2015.
This document discusses enhancing urban road maintenance in Ghana for sustainable urban development. It analyzes road maintenance needs and interventions for four road classes in Wa Municipality, Ghana over 30 years using the HDM-4 economic model. The following maintenance treatments were found most suitable and cost-effective: Class A roads - 70mm overlay every 11 years; Class B roads - 40mm overlay every 9 years; Class D roads - 40mm overlay every 9 years; Class E roads - 25mm surface dressing every 12 years. Timely road maintenance improves conditions and safety, reduces costs, and supports economic and social benefits for urban areas.
A Review of PMS systems and How Can be Implemented in Al-Qassim Municipality ...IJAEMSJORNAL
This document provides an overview of a proposed pavement management system (PMS) for Al-Qassim municipality roads in Saudi Arabia. It discusses the need for an effective PMS to manage the region's road network. The proposed PMS includes collecting inventory data, assessing pavement conditions, developing performance prediction models, and prioritizing maintenance and rehabilitation strategies. The goal is to assist decision-makers in preserving pavement quality with limited budgets.
This document summarizes research applying accessibility planning techniques and software from the UK to a region in North America. The research compares accessibility indicators calculated for the Twin Cities region of Minnesota to those of Greater Manchester in the UK. The research aims to test the applicability of UK guidance and software outside the UK. It calculates network and local accessibility indicators for both regions using the Accession software adapted for the Twin Cities data and road network. The results show differences in how the bus networks in each region provide access, with Greater Manchester's network penetrating further into residential areas. The research concludes UK accessibility planning concepts and software can be successfully applied at low cost outside the UK with some adaptations to guidance and data.
Smart Commute Initiative: Establishment of a Multijurisdictional Workplace-ba...Smart Commute
The Smart Commute Initiative was a workplace transportation demand management program serving the Greater Toronto Area and Hamilton from 2004 to 2007. It aimed to reduce single-occupancy vehicle trips, vehicle kilometers traveled, and greenhouse gas emissions through employer outreach and programs like ridesharing, transit incentives, and flexible work policies. Evaluation found the program helped eliminate over 14,500 tonnes of emissions and 1.27 million single-occupancy vehicle trips from 2004 to 2007. Lessons learned included the need for multi-jurisdictional cooperation, customized local implementation, and allowing sufficient time for behavior change monitoring.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
Note on T&T Issues in GM and MCGM's Initiatives and Policies_13th Jan 2015_V3Abhinav miryala
The document summarizes traffic and transportation issues in the Greater Mumbai region and initiatives by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) to address these issues. Some key points:
- Greater Mumbai has a high population density and limited land area, contributing to traffic congestion issues. MCGM has implemented various infrastructure projects like the Area Traffic Control System and is developing plans like the Coastal Road Project and Comprehensive Mobility Plan.
- The Comprehensive Mobility Plan assesses transportation needs up to 2034 and recommends strategies across all modes of transport to improve mobility. This includes improving public transport, expanding road and parking infrastructure, and promoting walking and cycling.
- MCGM has also formulated
Webinar: Land Use-Transport Interactions: Evidence from and Implications for ...BRTCoE
This document summarizes research on the interactions between land use and transportation. It begins with an overview of the theoretical framework showing how land use and transportation influence each other. It then provides examples at different scales, from macro/metropolitan down to micro/neighborhood. At the macro scale, it examines trends in urbanization and suburbanization globally. At the meso/intra-metropolitan scale, it analyzes the effects of planning policies on land use and travel in the Netherlands. At the micro/neighborhood scale, it studies the impact of built environment factors on transit use and walkability near BRT stations in Boston and Jinan, China. The document concludes by discussing implications for both "transportation as a function of land use
Providing Transportation Choices: The Region of Durham ExperienceSmart Commute
Written by: Jeffrey Brooks, MCIP, RPP, Ramesh Jagannathan, P.Eng, PTOE, Colleen Goodchild, MCIP, RPP
Presented at: Canadian Institute of Transportation Engineers, Toronto, May 2007
This document provides information on various modes of transportation in India and their key characteristics. It discusses different land, water, and air transportation modes. For land transportation, it describes various road classifications and characteristics of the Indian railway system. It also covers inland waterways, coastal and ocean shipping. The document discusses speed, safety, adequacy, frequency, comfort and other factors for comparing different transportation modes. It provides data on traffic volumes, speeds and densities which are important for road design.
Analysis of Road Transport Dynamics in Gombe City, Gombe State, NigeriaAJSERJournal
Road transportation, particularly in developing world continuous to be among the crucial factors of global
change in the 21st century affecting the physical dimension of cities. As such, the paper examines the road transport
development in Gombe city. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, road maps of Gombe metropolis of
1996, 2005 and 2014 were acquired to determine the changes in road network development using alpha, beta and
gamma indices and 282 copies of questionnaire were distributed to assess the effects of road transport development on
commercial activities in the study area. The results of the computation of gamma: 56.9%, 57.9% and 60.0%, beta: 1.61,
1.70 and 1.80 and alpha 31.3%, 35.3% and 38.9% indices indicated that there is a significant increase in road
connectivity in Gombe metropolis from 1996 through the 2005 to 2014. Further results revealed 95% of the
respondents indicated that improvement in road network affects movement and economic activities in many ways
which include: provision of access to commercial outfits which bring about profit by locating along major roads,
junctions and roundabouts which in turn result to increase in income, improvement in standard of living and reduction
in poverty. It is therefore, concluded that road transport development dictate the pattern of urban commercial outfits
and also affects commercial activities positively. The study discovered the importance of road transport infrastructure
to the improvement of commercial activities in the study area. It is consequently, recommended that more roads should
be constructed, renovated and dualyzed in order to improve and diversify the commercial nature of Gombe metropolis.
The study further exposed that urban roads are given more priority in Gombe State. Thus, recommended that rural
roads should be improved to harness the economic potentials in the state at large.
Influence of resource capability on the national transport policy implementat...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study examining the adequacy and appropriateness of resources in Nigeria's transport industry for implementing the country's National Transport Policy. The study involved surveying managers at 127 transport firms in Nigeria. The findings revealed that the resources available in the transport industry were significantly above average in terms of being adequate and appropriate for policy implementation. However, the document notes that Nigeria's transport infrastructure is deteriorating rapidly and service quality is falling, despite significant government expenditures. It recommends modifying the policy to increase focus on sustainability goals if further progress is to be made.
The Driving Factors Behind Successful Carpool Formation and UseSmart Commute
This document summarizes a study examining factors that influence successful carpool formation and use through an online carpooling service called Carpool Zone. The study aims to understand individual and spatial factors that affect carpooling by analyzing user data from Carpool Zone. Previous literature found that costs, scheduling, and access to potential matches are important influences on carpooling. The study will analyze user characteristics, vehicle access, attitudes, and match accessibility to understand carpooling behavior. Insights from the study could help improve carpooling programs and policies.
Making cities more competitive the economic case for public transportTristan Wiggill
A presentation by Adv Alma Nel (Director: Legal and Policy Research: Gauteng Provincial Government) at the Transport Forum Month of Transport Celebrations 1 October 2015 hosted by University of Johannesburg. The theme for the event was: "Trends in Policy Development for Transport" and the topic for the presentation was: "Making cities more competitive The Economic Case for Public Transport."
More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
Increasing the Road Capacity Not Always Improves the Travel Time: A Before an...IJERA Editor
This document analyzes the impact of reopening a formerly pedestrianized central square in Tirana, Albania to motor vehicle traffic. Data on travel times, waiting times, and passenger movement was collected for buses and passenger cars before and after the reopening. While travel times decreased in the central square, they increased in surrounding areas. Additionally, public transportation became overcrowded, pushing some passengers to use cars instead. In conclusion, reopening the square to cars did not truly solve congestion issues but rather shifted them to other parts of the transportation system. Encouraging alternative modes like biking or walking is presented as a more sustainable solution.
An increase in population has led to the growth of traffic in India. To ease the traffic situation in the country and make travel convenient for the people, the government has introduced the metro rail in many cities. It is a cheap mode of travel, which helps in reducing the energy consumption, is eco friendly, and is the reason behind the prevention of accidents. The modern design of metro coaches, the stylish appearance of metro stations, and superior comfort facilities are some of the reasons why metro is becoming popular in India. Ashwini Waghmare | Masarrat Khan | Maliha Tabassum | Vishaka Nagarkar | Prof. Tasneem Hasan | Imran Ahmed "Nagpur Metro Indicator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30305.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30305/nagpur-metro-indicator/ashwini-waghmare
Land Use and Transport Integrated Policies in Peripheral AreasHenar Salas-Olmedo
This presentation summarizes the paper presented at the European Transport Conference in 2009 available at: http://etcproceedings.org/paper/land-use-and-transport-integrated-policies-in-peripheral-areas
It puts forward land use and transport measures to be applied within integrated policies so as to improve sustainability and regional cohesion in peripheral areas.
The document summarizes an appraisal study of the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) in Surat, India. The BRTS Phase 1 corridor from Udhna Darwaja to Sachin GIDC was selected for analysis. Surveys found that while BRTS provided faster journey times than auto-rickshaws, it lacked accessibility for passengers at intermediate stops. As a result, 60% of passengers preferred auto-rickshaws to BRTS during peak hours. The study concluded that improving accessibility at stops is needed to make BRTS more sustainable and preferred over the entire route.
Assessing impact of metro stations integrating commercial landuse & trans...Vivek Agnihotri
The study had been done as a dissertation for the academic requirement to be fulfilled for Master in City Planning (Department of Architecture & Regional Planning | Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) in the year of 2015.
This document discusses enhancing urban road maintenance in Ghana for sustainable urban development. It analyzes road maintenance needs and interventions for four road classes in Wa Municipality, Ghana over 30 years using the HDM-4 economic model. The following maintenance treatments were found most suitable and cost-effective: Class A roads - 70mm overlay every 11 years; Class B roads - 40mm overlay every 9 years; Class D roads - 40mm overlay every 9 years; Class E roads - 25mm surface dressing every 12 years. Timely road maintenance improves conditions and safety, reduces costs, and supports economic and social benefits for urban areas.
A Review of PMS systems and How Can be Implemented in Al-Qassim Municipality ...IJAEMSJORNAL
This document provides an overview of a proposed pavement management system (PMS) for Al-Qassim municipality roads in Saudi Arabia. It discusses the need for an effective PMS to manage the region's road network. The proposed PMS includes collecting inventory data, assessing pavement conditions, developing performance prediction models, and prioritizing maintenance and rehabilitation strategies. The goal is to assist decision-makers in preserving pavement quality with limited budgets.
This document summarizes research applying accessibility planning techniques and software from the UK to a region in North America. The research compares accessibility indicators calculated for the Twin Cities region of Minnesota to those of Greater Manchester in the UK. The research aims to test the applicability of UK guidance and software outside the UK. It calculates network and local accessibility indicators for both regions using the Accession software adapted for the Twin Cities data and road network. The results show differences in how the bus networks in each region provide access, with Greater Manchester's network penetrating further into residential areas. The research concludes UK accessibility planning concepts and software can be successfully applied at low cost outside the UK with some adaptations to guidance and data.
Smart Commute Initiative: Establishment of a Multijurisdictional Workplace-ba...Smart Commute
The Smart Commute Initiative was a workplace transportation demand management program serving the Greater Toronto Area and Hamilton from 2004 to 2007. It aimed to reduce single-occupancy vehicle trips, vehicle kilometers traveled, and greenhouse gas emissions through employer outreach and programs like ridesharing, transit incentives, and flexible work policies. Evaluation found the program helped eliminate over 14,500 tonnes of emissions and 1.27 million single-occupancy vehicle trips from 2004 to 2007. Lessons learned included the need for multi-jurisdictional cooperation, customized local implementation, and allowing sufficient time for behavior change monitoring.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
Planning for Metro Transit Transportation System a simplified Approach: A Cas...IJAEMSJORNAL
Currently Muscat the capital city of Oman is suffering from many traffic and transported related problems. Some of the serious concerns are high vehicle ownerships, low occupancy in personalized vehicles and poor patronization towards public transportation systems. Ruwi is the City center and a major Central Business District in Muscat. More than one million commuters daily visit Ruwi City center for their day to day business. The common transportation related problems often reported by the citizens at Ruwi CBD, are traffic congestion, over speeding of vehicles, inadequacy of parking places and pedestrian safety. All such problems can be eliminated by providing efficient public transportation system by restricting the entry of personal vehicles and para transit. In this technical paper, panning and designing of public transit facility by metro transport facility is attempted by capturing land use and travel information of daily commuters at Ruwi CBD area. An extensive literature review is carried for establishing the bench marking while planning metro transit system. For this the CBD area is cordoned and divided into traffic analysis zones based on the land use characteristics. Travel information of the commuter is estimated through interviewing them at the CBD entry gateway points and work locations. Land use characteristics are captured through reconnaissance of the area and random inspection of land parcels. Land use Information captured through the Google images and physical verification of data of the selected sample land parcels helped in estimation and characterization of the land use. Questionnaire survey at the activity centers helped in estimation of total trips attracted by the land uses. Travel characteristics, derived through the personal interviews of the commuters, facilitated for the estimation of total trips. Trip factors for different land uses are derived. Total trips generated are quantified and is used in planning of Metro Transit facility at the Ruwi city center. Commuter circulation pattern for the metro transit is also scheduled. Also it is proposed to carry extensive literature for establishing bench mark while planning the transit system.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
A CLIOS Analysis For The Promotion Of Sustainable Plans Of Mobility The Case...Michelle Shaw
This document discusses sustainable urban mobility plans and their importance for shaping economic health and quality of life in cities. It focuses on applying a complex large-scale integrated open systems (CLIOS) analysis to help implement Mexico City's Sustainable Mobility Plan. The analysis identifies the complex relationships between Mexico City's essential urban systems and assesses the effectiveness of the plan's public policies and strategies, organizing them by importance. The results show which subsystems should be prioritized and which public policies and strategies are most important for effectively implementing the sustainable mobility plan.
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT STRATEGIES FOR SALEM CITYIAEME Publication
Urban planning as majorly practiced in India is mainly concerned with the development of land in cities. Urban traffic congestion being a major problem in large cities which has a negative impact on mobility, environment, local economy and quality of life. The aim of this thesis is to develop an efficient transport with good and better facility for the Salem city. The roads and public transportation areas should be developed and maintained clean. Salem was a municipal town till 2007 and is developed to city in 2008 with heavy area expansion to more than ten times. A detail including all the elements like sustainable urban transport strategies for Salem city is not carried out in the past. To achieve this, development of Salem should meet all the three strategies i.e. social, economic and environmental sustainability goals. Hence sustainable development for Salem city is necessary.
This document discusses Transit Oriented Development (TOD) as a tool for effective and sustainable urban growth. TOD aims to integrate land use and transportation planning by encouraging high-density, mixed-use development within walking distance of public transit stations. The document reviews the concept and basic structure of TOD, including its benefits like reduced traffic, pollution and infrastructure costs. Case studies from cities like Surabaya and Jabodetabek demonstrate how TOD can help address issues of urbanization, mobility and greenhouse gas emissions. Overall, the document argues that TOD provides a strategic approach to sustainable planning and design that can solve common problems faced by growing cities.
Services Model of Microlet Public Transport Based on Characteristics Movement...AM Publications
Mode of transport in the form of urban transportation has a very urgent role in supporting the growth and the development of a city.Microlet is the only public transportation owned by the city of Palu in performing services for users,this public transportation is increasingly unpopular and users tend to be abandoned because of the easeness to get it is very difficult in a sense; where waiting place is not clear, there is no certainty of a long waiting, the negotiations of travel destination and the time required for travelling can not be predicted. The research objective is to create a model that is suitable to be applied based on the people movement characteristics, with the hope of such urban transportation is still able to survive and operate as stackholdersdemands (user, operator / driver and government) and at the end people tend to choose public transportation as an option main mode of transportation in supporting their daily activities. The method of analysis used in modelling the transport trajectory is superimpose method with consideration of; land use patterns, the movement pattern of passengers urban transportation, population density, the service area andthe road networkcharacteristics.Based on the analysis of the division of three zones studied region, then the application of fixed rute is still can be carried out in zone 2 as a downtown area that includes 4 districts namely; West Palusubdistrict, Tatanga, South Palu and East Palu, while the two other zones, namely zone 1 and zone 3 as connector to the city center, city transportation routes can be applied in accordance with the national road that crosses the area of the zone.
Transportation planning is an integral part of overall urban planning and needs systematic approach.
Travel demand estimation is an important part of comprehensive transportation planning process.
However, planning does not end by predicting travel demand.
The ultimate aim of urban transport planning is to generate alternatives for improving transportation system to meet future demand and selecting the best alternative after proper evaluation.
The Prediction of Optimal Route of City Transportation Based on Passenger Occ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Currently, the existence of city transport is increasingly eliminated by private vehicles such as
cars and motorcycles. This situation is further exacerbated by the behavior of city transport drivers who are
less discipline in driving, or in picking up and dropping off their passengers. The bad behavior is partly
caused by the low level of passenger occupancy. The drivers try to search for passengers as much as
possible but often ignore the traffic rules. To overcome this problem, an optimal transport route with high
passenger potential is required. Therefore, this study investigated the optimal route of city transport based
on the passenger occupancy rate in the city of Bandung as the case study. The method employed for
determining the optimal route is Genetic algorithm combined with Ordinary Kriging method used for the
process of passenger prediction and fitness calculation. The optimal routes are those with higher
occupancy rate. The analysis results showed that the use of the Genetic algorithm with a low number of
generations succeed in creating new optimal routes even though the increase is not too high the maximum
only reaches 4%.This result is certainly important enough to be used in making better public transport
routes.
The document provides an overview of transportation engineering as a field. It discusses how transportation fulfills basic human needs of mobility and movement of goods. Transportation systems are diverse, covering multiple modes, sectors, problems and objectives. They are studied from a systems perspective considering all elements and movements. The major disciplines within transportation engineering are planning, geometric design, pavement design, and traffic engineering. Other important areas include public transportation, economic and financial analysis, environmental impact assessment, accident analysis, and intelligent transportation systems.
This document summarizes a graduate report presentation on the relationship between land use and transportation. It discusses key topics like compact cities, transit-oriented development, and land use-transport models. The presentation covers how transportation impacts and is impacted by land use through accessibility, travel costs, and other factors. It also examines how policies like compact development and transit-oriented development can encourage more sustainable transportation and development patterns.
Sustainable Urban Transport Planning Considering Different Stakeholder Groups...BME
Sustainable urban transport requires smart and environmentally-friendly technical solutions. It also needs to meet the demands of different user groups, including current and potential future users, in order to avoid opposition of the citizens and to support sustainable development decisions. While these requirements are well-known, conducting full surveys of user needs and preferences are tedious and costly, and the interests of different user groups may be contradictory. We therefore developed a methodology based on the prevalent Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is capable of dealing with the inconsistencies and uncertainties of users’ responses by applying an Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP) through comparing the results of passengers to reference stakeholder groups. For a case study in Mersin, a coastal city in southern Turkey with 1.7 Million inhabitants, three groups were surveyed with questionnaires: 40 users of the public transport system, 40 non-users, and 17 experts. Based on interval pairwise comparison matrices, consisting of whole judgments of all groups, the IAHP methodology could attain a consensual preference ranking for a future public transportation system between the three groups. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the factor ranking was very stable.
This document provides a seminar presentation on innovations in public transportation. It begins with an introduction to public transportation and discusses the need for it in terms of issues like traffic congestion, rising fuel costs, and environmental concerns. It then covers the evolution of various public transportation modes over time. The presentation discusses policies that promote public transportation, as well challenges to innovation in the sector like funding and regulations. Specific innovations discussed include electric buses, contactless payment systems, real-time tracking, autonomous vehicles, and integrated fare systems. The presentation concludes with a literature review covering case studies of public transportation systems and policies in various cities.
Design of Public Transportation in Shopian City of Jammu and KashmirIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on designing public transportation for Shopian City in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It finds that the city currently lacks proper public transportation and residents heavily rely on private vehicles. A survey found that 67% of people would use buses if available and that public transportation is more economical and safer than private options. The study concludes that establishing a public bus network would benefit residents by providing more affordable and accessible transportation options and reducing traffic issues.
DESIGN OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN BARAMULLA CITY OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR”.IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on designing public transportation in Baramulla City, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The study analyzed the existing public transportation system and identified issues like limited availability and long travel times. Surveys were conducted to understand transportation usage and needs. It was found that most people rely on private vehicles rather than public transportation. To promote greater public transportation use, the study developed timetables for bus and taxi services on key routes. The timetables aim to provide more frequent, reliable public transportation options to address current issues and encourage more people to shift from private to public transportation.
Conceptualizing Sustainable Transportation for City of Pune, IndiaIJERA Editor
Pune the second largest city of Maharashtra state of Indian union is witnessing large scale urban sprawl and its
negative ramifications in last couple of decades. Urban sprawl is defined as dispersed and discontinuous
suburban land development associated with low population densities and high auto dependence. This
phenomenon is adversely affecting sustainability of the city because of its negative environmental, social and
economic impacts. It saps local resources, destroys open space and farmland, and increases the energy
consumption of mobility by promoting long travel distances. Another problem is high levels of traffic
congestion and harmful emissions causing environmental pollution. There is a plethora of research that sought
to address the issue of urban sustainability and combat sprawl; little has been done on developing analytical
tools that could be used to assess the future of urban sustainability for Indian cities and for Pune in particular.
This paper explores that how particular land use development patterns or the expansion of the current urban
transportation infrastructure are likely to impact urban sustainability.
This document discusses a proposed study on the feasibility of a sustainable urban transport system for the city of Prayagraj, India. The study would assess the current state of urban transportation, identify suitable sustainable strategies, and evaluate the feasibility and impacts of implementing the strategies. Some key challenges include infrastructure requirements, funding needs, and changing public behavior. Potential benefits include reduced traffic, improved public health, and economic advantages. Proposed strategies include integrating public transit, promoting cycling and walking, encouraging electric vehicles, and developing bike sharing. The research methodology would involve stakeholder analysis, data collection and analysis, and using a framework to calculate a sustainability index score.
This research article proposes a transit map for micro-scale urban development in Alexandria, Egypt. The researchers created a methodology called "Enhanced MSTBE Phases" to establish a sustainable micro-scale transit built environment (MSTBE) centered around a mobility hub. As a case study, they analyzed and proposed developments for the Muharram Bek El Mowkaf El Gedid Mobility Hub and the surrounding 800m radius area. Their analysis indicated weaknesses in transit-oriented communities, transit infrastructure, and a lack of mobility hub integration. Their proposed development phases aim to address these issues and establish a sustainable MSTBE through coordinated land use, transportation, and place-making improvements. The researchers conclude that developing this
a study of suspentable transportation system in ahmedabad & dehliRONAKMODI36
1) The document discusses sustainable transportation systems in the cities of Ahmedabad and Delhi in India. It analyzes the different modes of public transportation currently available, including BRTS, metro, bicycle sharing, and CNG fuels.
2) Case studies of the BRTS systems in Ahmedabad and Delhi are provided. Ahmedabad's Janmarg BRTS incorporates features like GPS for real-time vehicle tracking and remote-controlled gates for boarding.
3) The development of metro systems in the two cities is also discussed, with Delhi Metro expanding through multiple phases to improve transportation.
This document discusses the impacts of Bus Rapid Transit Systems (BRTS) on cities. It begins with an introduction to BRTS and their benefits like being fast, reliable, and cost-effective. It then reviews literature on BRTS implemented in various Indian cities. The document discusses various impacts of BRTS like reduced travel times, environmental benefits from lower emissions, public health benefits from reduced accidents and air pollution, urban development impacts from increased land values near stations, and economic impacts from job creation. It concludes that BRTS can help meet cities' mobility needs affordably and efficiently while reducing pollution.
Sustainable Urban Transport Development by Applying a Fuzzy-AHP Model: A Case...BME
Sustainable development decisions generally require citizen participation in the decision process to avoid public resistance and objections in the long term. Because of the involvement of non-experts, the uncertainty of the decision is increased, and this must be considered in the decision-making process. This paper aims to introduce a sustainable urban transport development problem in which citizens are involved to allow them to express their preferences for improving certain elements of the public bus system. To mitigate the uncertainty of the non-expert evaluations, a fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model has been created and applied. Since the objective of the research is to provide a suitable framework for transport development tenders, only the criteria weights have to be determined; thus, an alternative level has not been applied. The model has been tested on the urban bus transport system of a large Turkish city: Mersin. Based on the application, citizen preference weights could be associated with certain elements of the supply quality; thus, government development source allocation decisions could be supported. The fuzzy-AHP model ensures that the final development implications will meet public demand for bus system improvement in the city.
This document describes an automatic safety door lock system for cars that uses infrared sensors and a hydraulic piston to prevent injuries caused by closing car doors. The system uses IR sensors placed along the door and outer panel connected to a microcontroller. When an object is detected between the closing door and outer panel, the sensors transmit a signal to the microcontroller which activates a relay driver to extend the hydraulic piston to stop the door from closing. The system aims to prevent the over 120,000 injuries that occur annually from unexpected car door closings.
Extrusion can be defined as the process of subjecting a material to compression so that it is forced to
flow through an opening of a die and takes the shape of the hole. Multi-hole extrusion is the process of
extruding the products through a die having more than one hole. Multi-hole extrusion increases the production
rate and reduces the cost of production. In this study the ram force has calculated experimentally for single hole
and multi-hole extrusion. The comparison of ram forces between the single hole and multi-hole extrusion
provides the inverse relation between the numbers of holes in a die and ram force. The experimental lengths of
the extruded products through the various holes of multi-hole die are different. It indicates that the flow pattern
is dependent on the material behavior. The micro-hardness test has done for the extruded products of lead
through multi-hole die. It is observed that the hardness of the extruded lead products from the central hole is
found to be more than that of the products extruded from other holes. The study suggests that multi-hole
extrusion can be used for obtaining the extruded products of lead with varying hardness. The micro-structure
study has done for the lead material before and after extrusion. It is observed that the size of grains of lead
material after extrusion is smaller than the original lead.
Analysis of Agile and Multi-Agent Based Process Scheduling Modelirjes
As an answer of long growing frustration of waterfall Software development life cycle concepts,
agile software development concept was evolved in 90’s. The most popular agile methodologies is the Extreme
Programming (XP). Most software companies nowadays aim to produce efficient, flexible and valuable
Software in short time period with minimal costs, and within unstable, changing environments. This complex
problem can be modeled as a multi-agent based system, where agents negotiate resources. Agents can be used to
represent projects and resources. Crucial for the multi-agent based system in project scheduling model, is the
availability of an effective algorithm for prioritizing and scheduling of task. To evaluate the models, simulations
were carried out with real life and several generated data sets. The developed model (Multi-agent based System)
provides an optimized and flexible agile process scheduling and reduces overheads in the software process as it
responds quickly to changing requirements without excessive work in project scheduling.
Effects of Cutting Tool Parameters on Surface Roughnessirjes
This paper presents of the influence on surface roughness of Co28Cr6Mo medical alloy machined
on a CNC lathe based on cutting parameters (rotational speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius).The
influences of cutting parameters have been presented in graphical form for understanding. To achieve the
minimum surface roughness, the optimum values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were
respectively, 318 rpm, 0,1 mm/rev, 0,7 mm and 0,8 mm. Maximum surface roughness has been revealed the
values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were respectively, 318 rpm, 0,25 mm/rev, 0,9
mm and 0,4 mm.
Possible limits of accuracy in measurement of fundamental physical constantsirjes
The measurement uncertainties of Fundamental Physical Constants should take into account all
possible and most influencing factors. One from them is the finiteness of the model that causes the existence of
a-priori error. The proposed formula for calculation of this error provides a comparison of its value with the
actual experimental measurement error that cannot be done an arbitrarily small. According to the suggested
approach, the error of the researched Fundamental Physical Constant, measured in conventional field studies,
will always be higher than the error caused by the finite number of dimensional recorded variables of physicalmathematical
models. Examples of practical application of the considered concept for measurement of fine
structure constant, speed of light and Newtonian constant of gravitation are discussed.
Performance Comparison of Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Cogniti...irjes
With the rapid deployment of new wireless devices and applications, the last decade has witnessed a growing
demand for wireless radio spectrum. However, the policy of fixed spectrum assignment produces a bottleneck for more
efficient spectrum utilization, such that a great portion of the licensed spectrum is severely under-utilized. So the concept of
cognitive radio was introduced to address this issue.The inefficient usage of the limited spectrum necessitates the
development of dynamic spectrum access techniques, where users who have no spectrum licenses, also known as secondary
users, are allowed to use the temporarily unused licensed spectrum. For this purpose we have to know the presence or
absence of primary users for spectrum usage. So spectrums sensing is one of the major requirements of cognitive radio.Many
spectrum sensing techniques have been developed to sense the presence or absence of a licensed user. This paper evaluates
the performance of the energy detection based spectrum sensing technique in noisy and fading environments.The
performance of the energy detection technique will be evaluated by use of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves
over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels.
Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Differe...irjes
In this paper, the conventional steel frames having triangular Pratt truss as a roofing system of 60 m
length, span 30m and varying bay spacing 4m, 5m and 6m respectively having eaves level for all the portals is at
10m and the EOT crane is supported at the height of 8m from ground level and pre-engineered steel frames of
same dimensions are analyzed and designed for wind zones (wind zone 2, wind zone 3, wind zone 4 and wind
zone 5) by using STAAD Pro V8i. The study deals with the comparative study of both conventional and preengineered
with respect to the amount of structural steel required, reduction in dead load of the structure.
Flip bifurcation and chaos control in discrete-time Prey-predator model irjes
The dynamics of discrete-time prey-predator model are investigated. The result indicates that the
model undergo a flip bifurcation which found by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory.
Numerical simulation not only illustrate our results, but also exhibit the complex dynamic behavior, such as the
periodic doubling in period-2, -4 -8, quasi- periodic orbits and chaotic set. Finally, the feedback control method
is used to stabilize chaotic orbits at an unstable interior point.
Energy Awareness and the Role of “Critical Mass” In Smart Citiesirjes
This document proposes a novel analytical model to define a new concept of critical mass in the context of spreading energy awareness in smart cities. The model incorporates centrality measures in both single-layer and multilayer social networks. Simulation results show that including centrality measures and a multilayer approach lowers the critical mass needed to trigger and spread good consumer habits. Specifically, the model calculates critical mass values using eigenvector centrality in single layers and a heterogeneous eigenvector-like centrality in multilayers. Considering network structure and central nodes' influence allows a smaller critical mass to foster diffusion compared to models that do not account for centrality. Extending the analysis to multilayers further reduces critical mass by increasing tie strength between nodes.
A Firefly Algorithm for Optimizing Spur Gear Parameters Under Non-Lubricated ...irjes
Firefly algorithm is one of the emerging evolutionary approaches for complex and non-linear
optimization problems. It is inspired by natural firefly‟s behavior such as movement of fireflies based on
brightness and by overcoming the constraints such as light absorption, obstacles, distance, etc. In this research,
firefly‟s movement had been simulated computationally to identify the best parameters for spur gear pair by
considering the design and manufacturing constraints. The proposed algorithm was tested with the traditional
design parameters and found the results are at par in less computational time by satisfying the constraints.
The Effect of Orientation of Vortex Generators on Aerodynamic Drag Reduction ...irjes
One of the main reasons for the aerodynamic drag in automotive vehicles is the flow separation
near the vehicle’s rear end. To delay this flow separation, vortex generators are used in recent vehicles. The
vortex generators are commonly used in aircrafts to prevent flow separation. Even though vortex generators
themselves create drag, but they also reduce drag by delaying flow separation at downstream. The overall effect
of vortex generators is more beneficial and proved by experimentation. The effect depends on the shape,size and
orientation of vortex generators. Hence optimized shape with proper orientation is essential for getting better
results.This paper presents the effect of vortex generators at different orientation to the flow field and the
mechanism by which these effects takes place.
An Assessment of The Relationship Between The Availability of Financial Resou...irjes
The availability of financial resources is an important element in impacting the success of a planning
process for an effective physical planning. The extent to which however, they are articulated in the process
remained elusive both in scholarly and public discourse. The objective of this study wastherefore, to examine
the extent to which financial resources affect physical planning. In doing so, the study examinedwhether
financial resources were adequate or not to facilitate planning processes in Paidha. According to the study
findings,budget prioritization and ceilings are still a challenge in Paidha Town Council. This is partly due
limited level of knowledge of physical planning among the officials of Paidha Town Council. As a result, there
were no dedicated budget line for routine inspection of physical development plan compliance and enforcement
tools in Paidha. In conclusion, in addressing uncoordinated patterns of physical development that characterize
Uganda‟s urban centres, a critical starting point ought to be the analysis of physical planning process. The
research of this kind is not only significant to other emerging urban centres facing poor a road network,
mushrooming informal settlements and poor social services including poor pattern of residential and commercial
developments but also to all institutions that are involved in planning these towns. Knowing the extent of need
for financial influences in planning may assist local authorities to take the processes of planning seriously which
will help enhance the sustainable development of emerging urban centres including Paidha.
The Choice of Antenatal Care and Delivery Place in Surabaya (Based on Prefere...irjes
This study analyzed factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care and delivery places in Surabaya, Indonesia based on preferences and choice theory. The study found that:
1) Nearly half of women chose healthcare for delivery based on information from others
2) Most women's main criteria for choosing a delivery place was that it was safe, comfortable and cheap
3) The majority of women's primary choice for a delivery place was one that was close, comfortable and cheap
Prediction of the daily global solar irradiance received on a horizontal surf...irjes
This document presents a new approach for predicting the daily global solar irradiance received on a horizontal surface as a function of local daytime and the maximum daily value. An exponential distribution function is suggested and compared to experimental data from several locations. The maximum daily value (qmax) is estimated theoretically in terms of the solar constant adjusted for earth-sun distance variation. Computed values using the new approach show good agreement with experimental data, within 16% error except for some extreme points.
HARMONIC ANALYSIS ASSOCIATED WITH A GENERALIZED BESSEL-STRUVE OPERATOR ON THE...irjes
This document summarizes a research paper that considers a generalized Bessel-Struve operator on the real line. It defines generalized Bessel-Struve and Weyl integral transforms, which are shown to be transmutation operators relating the generalized Bessel-Struve operator to derivatives. These tools are then used to develop a new harmonic analysis associated with the generalized Bessel-Struve operator, including generalized Sonine integral transforms. Key results proven include Paley-Wiener theorems and properties of the various integral transforms.
The Role of Community Participation in Planning Processes of Emerging Urban C...irjes
This document summarizes a research study examining the level of community participation in the physical planning process in Paidha Town, Uganda. The study found that community participation in planning is very low, limited mostly to a few mass meetings. Few community members are actually involved in planning. Even those involved do not understand their rights and roles. Physical planning has not been adequately prioritized or funded. To improve participation, the study recommends involving communities at different administrative levels from villages to the town council, and using a wider range of participatory methods beyond just meetings. Overall, the study finds that community participation in planning is still limited and needs to be strengthened for more sustainable urban development.
Understanding the Concept of Strategic Intentirjes
This document summarizes the concept of strategic intent in strategic management. It begins by discussing the origins and evolution of strategic management from Greek history to modern theories. It then defines strategic intent, comparing various authors' definitions. A key model by Hamel and Prahalad links strategic intent to other strategic components like foresight and core competencies. Strategic intent inspires long-term thinking beyond strategic planning alone. It provides direction and commitment to help organizations shape competitive priorities and capabilities for the future. Chief executives play a critical role in developing strategic intent to guide organizational progress over 10-20 years.
The (R, Q) Control of A Mixture Inventory Model with Backorders and Lost Sale...irjes
This document summarizes an inventory model that considers a mixture of backorders and lost sales when stockouts occur. The model has the following key features:
1) The set-up cost and lead time are controllable variables that can be optimized.
2) Instead of minimizing stockout costs, the model employs a service level constraint to bound the stockout level per cycle.
3) The model is solved using a genetic algorithm approach to find optimal values for ordering quantity, set-up cost, and lead time that minimize total costs while satisfying the service level constraint.
Relation Between Stress And Menstrual Cycle At 18-21 Years Of Ageirjes
The document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between stress and menstrual cycles in Indonesian nursing students ages 18-21. It found:
1) Nearly half (45.5%) of the 132 students studied experienced irregular menstrual cycles.
2) Slightly over half (50.8%) of students reported experiencing stress.
3) There was a significant relationship between stress and irregular menstrual cycles, with stressed students over 4 times more likely to have irregular cycles.
The study concluded that most of the nursing students experienced irregular menstrual cycles and stress, and that stress was strongly correlated with irregular menstrual periods.
Wave Transmission on Submerged Breakwater with Interlocking D-Block Armorirjes
1. The document summarizes a study on wave transmission through a submerged breakwater with interlocking D-block armor. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine how water depth, wave period, structure height, and wave steepness influence the transmission coefficient.
2. Regression analysis showed that transmission coefficient (Kt) is most influenced by the ratio of wave length to top width, ratio of structure height to water depth, and ratio of wave height to wave period squared. A formula for Kt in terms of these parameters was developed.
3. Comparisons with previous studies show the same trend that higher wave steepness results in lower transmission coefficient, validating the results. The study provides useful insights into breakwater design using inter
Wave Transmission on Submerged Breakwater with Interlocking D-Block Armor
B221424
1. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)
ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821
Volume 2, Issue 2(February 2013), PP.14-24
www.irjes.com
Model Selection Of Mass Transport Infrastructure Development
Metropolitan Region Of Mamminasata
Adris.A.Putra1 Jinca, M. Yamin2 Bambang Riyanto3 Agus Taufik Mulyono4
Doctoral Student Department of Civil Engineering University of Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia
Professor, Dr.-Ing.,-MSTr.,Ir. in Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering University of
Hasanuddin Makassar, Indonesia
Dr.Ir.,DEA, in Transportation Engineering,Department of Civil Engineering of Diponegoro, Semarang,
Indonesia
Prof.Dr.Ir.,MT, in Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering University of Gajah Mada
Jogyakarta, Indonesia
ABSTRACT: Development of Public Transport Facilities Bulk (PTFB) Metropolitan Region of Mamminasata
faced election public transport in determining priorities (monorail, busway, train), in an effort to develop a
means of public transport facilities and services to provide optimal urban transport, it is therefore necessary
discretion to determine the means of mass transportation that will be selected are the top priority in the
development of mass transportation so that the selection policy of mass transportation can be effective and
efficient in this implementasinya. This study uses SMART (Simple multi - Attribute Rating Technique) is a
method of decision-making multi criteria. Multi-criteria decision making techniques are based on each
alternative consists of a number of criteria that have value and each criterion has a weight that illustrates how
important the other criteria. The results showed that the calculation of multiple criteria for the assessment of
single - attribute utilities is known that the value of the benefit single - attribute utilities Trains amounted to
2.86. Interest’s single value - the attribute utilities Busway at 2.89, while the value of the benefit single -
attribute utilities monorail at 3.12. In these calculations it is known that people assess the development of the
monorail is a decision that has a single interest - the highest compared with the attribute utilities Busway and
Train.
Keywords - PTFB, SMART, monorail, Busway and Train
I. INTRODUCTION
The rapid economic growth and policies to be implemented in an area can provide a fundamental
change to the development of the region. An area will be required to undergo a change of business economics,
land use and social in an effort to maintain the natural balance of growth. Changes in land use may be increasing
industrial area derivative (services, manufacturing), in terms of social, movement of population movement
(urbanization) and welfare to be seen as a response indicator of economic growth and changes in land use of an
area.
The existence of a metropolitan area's economic growth will generate demand for transportation
services, while on the other hand the availability of transport facilities will affect the high levels of economic
activity. Therefore, the development of transportation infrastructure needs to be implemented in a systematic
and integrated in accordance with the pattern of movement of goods and / or people who can support the
dynamic development of a region. On the other hand decentralization of urban areas has increased travel
distances between cities and suburbs that developed very quickly, where residents travel patterns using public
transport modes is a primary requirement [9].
Direct implication of the above circumstances lead to two main problems in the provision of urban
transport infrastructure, in support of the movement of population and the demands of urban transport services is
increasing, the problems and challenges of urban areas as a direct result of a condition of the development of the
region, including in planning adequate transportation system, which is able to meet the needs of these
population movements, not only in terms of the number of means of transport, but also should pay attention to
and improve the quality of service level of public transport modes such as comfort, security and safety [6].
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2. Model Selection Of Mass Transport Infrastructure Development Metropolitan Region Of
The development of urban transportation system requires a strategic move to improve the organization
of public transport on existing conditions by formulating policies through the development of developing a
Mass Public Transport Fasilities (MPTF) which considers the scale and service capacity through the
development of sustainable means of mass transportation, use of environmentally friendly vehicles, improved
traffic management, creating integration between public transport modes in urban areas and the availability of
facility safety, security, adequate comfort, so the development of urban transport systems are capable of
producing highly skilled transportation services and its implementation can be efficient and effective in
supporting and simultaneously move the dynamics development of the region, in support of the movement of
people and goods as well as integrated with the development of a region.
South Sulawesi government policy to develop the Mass Public Transport Facilities (MPTF) is one of
the first steps in reducing the problems of urban transport system, so that the policy for the development of mass
transportation facilities to improve the quality of public transport services, that will create mass transportation
services effective and efficient in order to facilitate movement of the Metropolitan Region Mamminasata.
II. STUDY OF THEORY
2.1. Urban transport
Urban transportation systems form the basis of economic development as a whole in an area [5]. The
public transport system was developed to be more competitive with other modes of transport, by providing
optimum service and increase the provision of facilities and infrastructure, urban transportation systems. In
developing the public transport system, how to move people in large numbers in support of mobility, in
particular access to employment, trade, and education. The condition and capacity of public transport modes do
not meet the demand because of the inadequate public transport, poor road network, and high travel costs for
people using the public transport system [1].
2.2 Concept of Development of Mass Transportation
2.2.1 Mass transport system
Mass Rapid Transit is a passenger transportation service, usually with local coverage, available to
anyone with a predetermined pay [14]. Transport is usually operate on dedicated lines fixed or potential
common pathway that is separate and exclusive use, in accordance with the schedule set route or line designed
to stop certain-stop, although Mass Rapid Transit sometimes operate in diverse traffic. It is designed to move
large numbers of people at the same time. The mass transit system is a transport system for passengers that can
be used by and for the public interest, with some specific requirements, such as paying the cost per unit of time
or distance [13]. Mass transit system to transport passengers in large numbers in the same vehicle (such as a bus
or train)
Mass public transport service system in meeting customer needs. Increased comfort, convenience and
safety are more important than the vehicle technology or design special bus lanes, from the user's perspective.
Clear information, map systems, hospitality professional personnel, cleanliness and ease of infrastructure is also
important to note. Quality customer service is directly related to customer satisfaction, which ultimately
determines the use of the customer and the financial sustainability of the long-term. Implementation public
transportation can be effective in providing quality services delivered by service providers with respect to
customer satisfaction
2.2.2. The development of mass transportation.
Policy development as a means of mass transportation improvement efforts of urban public transport
services, the characteristics of socio-economic and demographic space to set the goal for the entire region, by
evaluating the costs and give priority and to strengthen and expand the scope of the transportation system,
including the addition of a separate bus lane, provide new public transport corridor, focusing on improving the
ease and efficiency of the solutions to overcome the resistance to travel by public transportation and to ensure
the system will get people from where they are, where to go in a reasonable amount of time [6].
Development of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) as mass transportation is a concept transport reforms
announced by the central government. MRT is purpose built to provide the transport services more secure,
convenient, and timely. MRT is also expected to be one solution to tackle traffic congestion in major cities. Law
No. 22 Year 2009, there were various elements of the policy include the need to formalize and consolidate the
urban transport sector, among the provisions of the new legislation says that the duty of government is to
develop a comprehensive transportation plan includes a large-capacity bus service.
Experience in developed cities showed that the MRT system is likely to have little impact on land use
patterns. This is what leads many experts to recommend that the MRT system is "adaptive" can be used, and
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instead of trying to influence land use patterns, rather than adapting the pattern of existing land use (Cervero,
2002). However, in many developing cities like MRT influence on land use is increasing, because the cities as it
often run rapidly expanding space. Current trends such as people who drove to the gate and green gardening
housing complex in many cities in Southeast Asia like the shape of the city is often dependent on the car, but the
quality MRT system can help to sustain growth along the main corridor and service centers in the city.
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a high-quality, transit-oriented client that offers speed, convenient, and
affordable [15]. While [5] defines a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a flexible, modes with rubber wheels that have
rapid transit and the combined station (halte), vehicles, services, roads and elements of Intelligent
Transportation System (ITS) in one integrated system with a strong identity. Busway is a high-quality bus-based
transit system is a fast, convenient, and low cost for urban mobility by providing a way for pedestrians,
infrastructure, operation fast and often, and the difference in marketing and service excellence to customers.
Transport is one of the train transportation plays an important role in serving the movement of
passengers and goods, and is expected to become the backbone of land transportation. Various advantages of
rail transport compared with other modes, among which are a large carrying capacity both in units of the number
of passengers and goods (ton), and the use of more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. As for long-
distance passenger transport, rail transport looks increasingly left behind by air transport. Although the
technology, allowing trains to support the long-range transport (land) with high speed. But the companies
existing infrastructure to support it yet. Train transportation has many advantages over road transport include:
large payload capacity (massal), fast, safe, energy efficient and environmentally friendly and requires relatively
little land. With the growing environmental issues, the advantages train can be used as a reason to build the train
transport so as to create an effective transport, efficient and environmentally friendly. Siding with the
development of train transport means energy savings and improved environmental quality.
The monorail is a metro or rail with a track consisting of single track, as opposed to traditional rail has
two parallel rails and consequently, wider than the train tracks. Usually made out of concrete and rail wagon
wheels made of rubber, so it does not sebising conventional trains. Advantages are 1) requires a small space
both vertical and horizontal space. width required is as wide and as the train made on the road, just need space
for poles, 2) look more "lightweight" than conventional rail trains terelevasi and covers only a fraction sky, 3)
no noise because it uses rubber wheels running on concrete, 4) can be uphill, downhill, and turn faster than
regular trains, 5) is more secure because of the rail that holds the rail, rolled the risk is much smaller. Risk of
hitting pedestrians is very minimal, 6) are cheaper to build and maintain than the subway. Disadvantages are 1)
compared with the subway, monorail noticeably takes place, 2) in an emergency, passengers could not be
evacuated immediately because there is no way out except at the station, 3) capacity is still questionable. [16].
2.3 Decision making with multicriteria analysis
Multi-criteria analysis is a method used in decision-making and is intended to accommodate the aspects
of outside economic and financial criteria. Multi-criteria analysis involving various parties that may be involved
in a study of the user and the operator. This analysis is expected to reduce conflicts of interest between the
parties involved and can produce optimal decisions.
The process of policy analysis requires the presence of criteria before selecting the criteria for decision-
making on any issue [12], as follows:
1. Complete, so as to cover all important aspects of the problem. A set of criteria is called complete if this set
can show how far the whole purpose can be achieved.
2. Operations, so it can be used in the analysis. Operational traits include some sense, among others, is that the
set of criteria should have meaning to decision makers, so that they can truly appreciate the implications of
the alternatives. Moreover, if the purpose of decision-making should be used as a means to convince the
other party, then the set of criteria should be used as a means to provide an explanation or to communicate.
Operations also include the trait of the decision-making model can be measured basically takes the concept
of qualitative and quantitative measurements.
One is the method of decision-making SMART (Simple Multi - Attribute Rating Technique) is a multi-
criteria decision-making method developed by Edward in 1977. Multi-criteria decision-making technique is
based on the theory that each alternative consists of a number of criteria that have values and each criterion has
a weight that describes how important it compared to the other criteria. Weighting is used to assess each
alternative in order to obtain the best alternative.
SMART uses linear additive model to predict the value of each alternative. SMART is a method of
decision-making that is flexible and widely used because of its simplicity in responding to the needs of decision
makers and how to analyze the response. The analysis involved is transparent so that the method provides a high
understanding of the problem and can be accepted by the decision maker. Linear utility function model used by
SMART is shown in Equation (2.13).
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4. Model Selection Of Mass Transport Infrastructure Development Metropolitan Region Of
k
maximize w .u
j1
j ij , i 1,......, n
with:
- Wj is the weighting of the criteria to the value of the j criteria,
- uij is the utility value of alternative i on criterion j.
- Selection of the decision is to identify which of the n alternatives that have the greatest value of the function.
- The value of this function can also be used to rank n alternatives
SMART has several advantages over other methods of decision-making are:
1. Perform addition / subtraction SMART alternative to the addition or subtraction method does not affect the
calculation of the weighting alternatives for each alternative assessment are not mutually dependent.
2. simple
Calculation of the SMART method is very simple that does not require complex mathematical calculations
that require a strong understanding of mathematics. Using a complex method would make it difficult to
understand how the methods work.
3. Transparent
The process of analyzing the alternatives and the SMART criteria can be viewed by the user so that the user
can understand how the alternative was chosen. The reasons for how the alternative chosen can be seen
from these procedures are performed in the SMART ranging from the determination of the criteria,
weighting, and providing value to each alternative.
4. multicriteria
The SMART method supports decision-making with many criteria. Decision-making criteria that many
users make it difficult to determine the right decision.
5. flexible weighting
Weighting used in the SMART method, there are 3 types of weights directly (direct weighting), weighted
swing (swing weighting) and the weighted centroid (centroid weighting). Direct weighting more flexible
because the user can change the weight of the criteria in order of importance criteria.
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research Methods
The research method is a measurement tool used by researchers to guide research so that the method used
in accordance with the purposes of the study. This study categorized survey research because the basic data
collection using questionnaires. Survey research is research that takes a sample from a population and use the
questionnaire as a data collection tool that subject using questionnaires. In general, survey research unit of
analysis is the individual [10].
3.2. Data Collection Techniques
The data used in this study are:
1. Primary data, ie data obtained directly from respondents or a sample of this research. Primary data
consists of responses or judgments against the development of the transport system mass transportation
Mamminasata Metropolitan Region
Sources of primary data collected through a survey by distributing questionnaires to the respondents to
fill in and do the interview.
2. Secondary data, ie data obtained from the supporting documents such as an overview of the
Metropolitan Region Mamminasata, data or other documentation relevant to this study.
3.3. Research variables
The research variables are an attribute, carpenter or value, object or activity that has certain specified
variations researcher [11]. The research variables used in this study are based on the implementation of the
national transportation system parameters shown in Table 1.
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5. Model Selection Of Mass Transport Infrastructure Development Metropolitan Region Of
Table 1. Research variables
No. Variabel
1 Safety
2 Accessibility
3 Integrated
4 Capacity
5 Regular
6 Swift and appropriate.
7 Easy and Fast
8 On time
9 Cozy
10 Tarif = Tariff
11 Orderly
12 Secure
13 Pollution
14 Efficient
3.4. Plan for Data Analysis
3.4.1. The probability of selection modes with SMART analysis
SMART (Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique) is a multi-criteria decision-making methods. Multi-criteria
decision-making technique is based on the theory that each alternative consists of a number of criteria that have
values and each criterion has a weight that describes how important it compared to the other criteria. Weighting
is used to assess each alternative in order to obtain the best alternative.
The stages in the SMART analysis in this study as follows:
1. Identify the decision problem
The decisions will be taken in this study is the existence of alternative modes within the Metropolitan
Mamminasata (Makassar, Maros, Sungguminasa and Takalar)
2. Identify the criteria - the criteria used in making the decision making. Criteria used in the SMART analysis in
this study refers to the National Transportation System which consists of 14 variables
3. Identify alternatives - alternatives evaluated. Alternative modes developed in this study are: a) monorail, b)
busway and, c) train
4. Identify constraints relevant criteria for the assessment of alternatives. Limitation of the criteria used is an
indicator of the variables contained in the National Transport System.
5. Doing ranked against the criteria of the position of interest. In this case assessed fairly easy compared to the
development of weight. It is necessary to give weight to each criterion. Because of the weight given to the
criteria depend on the rating criteria.
6. Giving weight to each criterion
Giving weight to be given to the value that can be specified by the user itself, in this case made twice the
weighting based on criteria deemed most important and based on the criteria that are considered least
important. The most important criteria is given a value of 100 while the next important criterion is assigned a
value that describes the comparison of the relative importance to the least important dimension. This process
continued until the weight given to the criteria that are not essential to obtain.
The same step was also carried out by comparing the least important criterion is given a value of 10. The
next most important criterion is assigned a value that describes the comparison of the relative importance to
the most important dimension. This process continued until the weight given to the criteria deemed most
important obtained.
(Criteria-j) C1 C2 C3 … Cm
Weight-j W1 W2 W3 … W1m
S1 a1 X11 X12 X13 … X1m
S2 a2 X21 X22 X23 … X2m
S3 a3 X31 X32 X33 … X3m
…. …. …… …… …… … ……
Sm An Xn1 Xn2 Xn3 … Xnm
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6. Model Selection Of Mass Transport Infrastructure Development Metropolitan Region Of
With:
Si (i = 1,2,3 ... m) = scenario modal options available
Cj (j = 1,2,3 ... m) = criteria with weights Wij
aij (i = 1,2,3 ... m & j = 1,2,3 .. m) = measurement of a variety of scenarios Ai by Cj.
In this study, the selected criteria are safety, accessibility, integrity, capacity, orderly, smooth and
precise, easy and fast, timely, convenient, affordable rates, orderly, safe, low pollution, efficient. Sub criteria
selected as assessors for each criterion in each scenario taken from the indicator criteria.
7. Calculating normalization criteria weight
Normalized weights obtained where the weight of each criterion obtained shared with any number of criteria
weight results. Normalization was also performed based on the criteria most important and unimportant
criteria. The value of the two normalized values obtained to search his average.
8. Developing single - attribute utilities that reflect how well each alternative views of each criterion. This stage
is to provide a value on all the criteria for each alternative.
9. Calculating valuation / utility for each alternative. The calculation is done using the existing functions are:
k
maximize w .u
j1
j ij , i 1,......, n
with:
wj is the weighting of the criteria values of j to k criteria,
uij is the utility value of alternative i on criterion j.
The selection decision is to identify which of the n alternatives that have the greatest value of the function.
Value of this function can be used to rank alternative n
10. Deciding alternative modes
Utility value of each alternative is obtained from step nine. If a single alternative is selected, then select the
alternative with the greatest utility value.
IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1. Data Analysis and Results
Mamminasata Metropolitan area, also called the Metropolitan Mamminasata, includes the city of
Makassar, Maros, Gowa and Takalar established by decree the Governor of South Sulawesi province in 2003.
Mamminasata region covering all districts in the city of Makassar and Takalar, except six of the 14 districts in
Maros and 6 of the 16 districts in Gowa. Exceptions are made considering the distance the remote districts of the
metropolitan area. The total area is 2462.3 km2 Mamminasata (246.230 hectares) with a total population of
approximately 2.04 million people [2].
Mamminasata Spatial Plan (2003-2012) has been formulated by the government of South Sulawesi
province through Mamminasata Metropolitan Agency for Development Cooper (MMADC). Spatial Plan aims to
create a more optimal utilization of space through the synergistic aspects of economic, social, and environmental
and human resources empower the global perspective and local nuances. Special attention is directed at (i)
determining the basis for spatial planning policy, (ii) create coherence in the development of urban areas, (iii)
determination of integrated programs between sectors and between regions, (iv) establishment of investment
guidelines, and (v) the preparation mechanisms for implementation by government and private parties. Spatial
Plan describes the sectoral scenarios and urban structure. Proposed spatial structure is as shown in Figure 1.
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7. Model Selection Of Mass Transport Infrastructure Development Metropolitan Region Of
Figure1. Regional spatial planning plans Mamminasata
4.2. Mass Transportation Development Plan
1) Busway
Department of Transportation South Sulawesi and Makassar City Government will develop a
transportation system that is intended to replace Busway minibuses and private vehicles and buses on major
urban roads. Plan each specified corridors will be integrated with other transportation plans that monorail and
commuter rail and regional rail plan.
2) Regional Train
Rail transportation system between the regions along the 60 km and the urban rail transport system
along 120 km of interconnected.
There are 8 stations namely CBD plan Maros, Marusu, Tallo River, CBD Makassar, Tanjung Bunga,
Sungguminasa town, CBD of Takalar city and Galesong (Presidential Regulation Draft of Mamminasata).
3) Train monorail
Train overpass with a monorail system to be one of the Mamminasata alternative transportation
systems. The plan, the train connect the Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport-Daya, Daya-Center Point of
Indonesia (CPI) in the Tanjung Bunga area.
Table 2. Plan monorail lines
Phase Road Name (Km)
Phase I Line Karebosi-Mount Bawakareng-Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis 13.06
Kemerdekaan (Daya Market)
Phase II Line Perintis Kemerdekaan (Daya Market) Line Airport Sultan 15.76
Hasanuddin- Terminal of Maros
Phase III Alauddin Street (Junction PT.Telkom) - Balla Lompoa of Gowa 4.64
Regency
Phase IV Phase IV. Line GTC Makassar -Barombong –Taeng- ST. 15,05
Hasanuddin Street (Balla Lompoa) Gowa
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Sources: Regional Technical Unit of Mamminasata)
Busway transport networks, regional rail, commuter rail and monorail trains, is a unit that are
connected to each other. Rail network is a network that connects major regional networks and network
Mamminasata Sulawesi, while the monorail network and feeder busway would be to serve the movement of
passengers in Makassar. Similarly, multi-modal nodes exist; connect the busway, rail, monorail. Where node
regional and commuter trains become primary node, node monorail and busway serve trips to the surrounding
area that can not be reached by train.
SMART Analysis Results
SMART Analysis is a method of multi-criteria decision-making for the mode type desired by the
community. Multi-criteria decision-making technique is based on that each alternative consists of a number of
criteria that have values and each criterion has a weight that describes how important it compared to the other
criteria. Weighting is used to assess each alternative in order to obtain the best alternative. The steps in the
SMART analysis as follows:
1. Respondents to the assessment criteria
Based on the results of the study, respondents' assessments of the criteria needed for decision making
kinds of modes that are developed as follows;
Table 3. Assessment result of respondents' decision-making criteria
Scenario
No. Criteria
Busway Monorel Train
1 Safety 2,92 3,41 2,88
2 Accessibility 3,03 3,42 2,64
3 Integrated 2,82 2,82 2,62
4 Capacity 2,93 2,93 2,82
5 Regular 2,72 3,29 2,97
6 Swift and appropriate. 2,94 2,92 3,05
7 Easy and Fast 2,73 2,73 3,05
8 On time 2,89 2,79 3,04
9 Cozy 2,91 3,33 2,81
10 Tariff 2,82 3,19 2,92
11 Orderly 2,90 3,41 2,85
12 Secure 2,87 3,44 2,78
13 Pollution 2,93 2,85 2,49
14 Efficient 2,88 2,94 2,99
In table above shows that the respondents' assessment of the criteria specified in the decision making
kinds of modes are desired by the community. This assessment is based on distributing questionnaires to 40
respondents of the study.
2. Respondents' assessment of the criteria weight
Giving weight to be given to the value that can be determined by the respondent, in this case would be
based on criteria deemed most important and based on the criteria that are considered least important. Which is
considered the most important criteria is given a value of 10. Next important criterion is assigned a value that
describes the comparison of the relative importance to the least important dimension. This process will continue
until the weight given to the criteria that are considered least important obtained. The results of the assessment
of the weight of importance of each criterion can be seen in Table 4.
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Table 4. The results of respondents' assessment of the weight to the interests of the criteria
No. Criteria Weights
1 Safety 7,08
2 Accessibility 7,23
3 Integrated 7,50
4 Capacity 7,15
5 Regular 7,05
6 Swift and appropriate. 7,43
7 Easy and Fast 6,83
8 On time 7,50
9 Cozy 7,13
10 Tariff 7,10
11 Orderly 7,05
12 Secure 6,93
13 Pollution 6,70
14 Efficient 6,63
In the table above shows that the assessment weighting is known to the highest weight of 7.50 on the
criterion time. While the lowest weight that is owned by the efficient criterion of 6.63. From the results of this
weighting can be known in normalization weighting. As for the search for the normalization of the weighting as
follows:
Highest Weight Low Weights
2
= 7,50 6,63
2
= 7,063
3. Multi-criteria assessment
In the multi-criteria assessment is to develop a single - attribute utilities that reflect how well each
alternative views of each criterion. This phase is to provide a value on all the criteria for each alternative. As for
how to get this value is to multiply the assessment of the respondents to the weighting of each criterion. The
results of the calculation of single - attribute utilities can be seen in Table 5
Table 5. Assessment of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Mode Type
Scenario
No Criteria
Busway Monorel Train
1 Safety 20,64 24,11 20,40
2 Accessibility 21,92 24,69 19,09
3 Integrated 21,13 21,13 19,63
4 Capacity 20,91 20,91 20,16
5 Regular 19,18 23,19 20,90
6 Swift and appropriate 21,86 21,67 22,65
7 Easy and Fast 18,66 18,66 20,82
8 On time 21,70 20,95 22,83
9 Cozy 20,71 23,69 20,04
10 Tariff 20,00 22,66 20,71
11 Orderly 20,42 24,06 20,06
12 Secure 19,88 23,84 19,22
13 Pollution 19,63 19,10 16,69
14 Efficient 19,10 19,49 19,82
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In the table above shows that in every scenario kind of mass transportation has a single assessment -
attribute utilities. But before this assessment is used for decision making, the first of single assessment -
attribute utilities should be normalized based on the weighting process.
To search for multi-criteria assessment results are normalized by dividing the multi-criteria
assessment of the rate normalization weighting. The results normalized to the multi criteria
assessment shown in Table 6
Table 6. Assessment of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Mode type that has been normalized
Scenario
No. Criteria
Busway Monorel Train
1 Safety 2,92 3,41 2,89
2 Accessibility 3,10 3,50 2,70
3 Integrated 2,99 2,99 2,78
4 Capacity 2,96 2,96 2,85
5 Regular 2,72 3,28 2,96
6 Swift and appropriate. 3,09 3,07 3,21
7 Easy and Fast 2,64 2,64 2,95
8 On time 3,07 2,97 3,23
9 Cozy 2,93 3,35 2,84
10 Tariff 2,83 3,21 2,93
11 Orderly 2,89 3,41 2,84
12 Secure 2,82 3,38 2,72
13 Pollution 2,78 2,70 2,36
14 Efficient 2,70 2,76 2,81
Average 2,89 3,12 2,86
Based on the calculation of multiple criteria for the assessment of single - attribute utilities are known
that the value of the benefit single - attribute utilities Trains amounted to 2.86. Interests’ single value - the
attribute utilities Busway at 2.89, while the value of the benefit single - attribute utilities monorail at 3.12. In
these calculations it is known that the public considers that the development of the monorail is a decision that
has a single interest - the highest compared with the attribute utilities Busway and Train.
V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
The main priority in the development of mass public transport metropolitan area of Mamminasata the
monorail at 3.12. People consider that the development of the monorail is a decision that has a single interest -
the highest compared with the attribute utilities Busway and Train. Selection of Monorail by respondents as a
priority in the development of mass transportation metropolitan area of Mamminasata in the hope of effectively
and efficiently in these systems ability implementation. Superiority of this system carrying passengers in large,
fast, and reliable in different situations, and the space road is more efficient.
Recomendations
Suggestions related to the selection model mass transportation development metropolitan areas of
Mamminasata are `1) For further research is needed economic studies, environmental studies, and legal studies,
a more thorough examination of the implementation of the monorail and, 2) for further research is needed to
study the effect of monorail toward the changing of space structure patterns and regional growth that may occur
in the Mamminasata area.
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Bank.
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Transport and Environment, 7(4), 265-284.
[4] Department of Public Works and JICA (2011). Integrated Spatial Plan for the Metropolitan Mamminasata Region. JICA. Makassar
[5] Levinson, H.S., S. Zimmerman, J. Clinger, S. Rutherford, R.L. Smith, J. Cracknell, R. Soberman (2003) Bus rapid transit, volume
1: Case Studies in Bus Rapid Transit, TCRP Report 90, US TCRP (US Transit Cooperative Research Program), Washington, D.C.
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