This document discusses light weight construction materials, specifically foamed concrete. It describes four types of foamed concrete based on density and their typical uses. Densities range from 300-600 kg/m3 for thermal insulation up to 1200-1600 kg/m3 for precast panels. Advantages include economy, durability, thermal insulation, fire safety and wide range of applications. Disadvantages include reduced strength at lower densities and specialized tools needed for fastening. It also categorizes light-weight concretes based on aggregates and concludes that structural light-weight concrete combining strength and lightness will have economic advantages.
In this era of concrete, let's understand the impact on the environment and revive the old technique, construction and make the environment pollution-free.
Maato ko Ghar seems like an old method of weak buildings compared to the modern RCC, Reinforced Cement Concrete. But this presentation shows that Rammed Earth is stronger than Concrete; warm in winter at 19 degree when outside temperature is -1 degrees and cooler in summer at 25 degree when outside temperatures are 35 degrees, and cost only Rs 3500 per square feet. Fascinating.
In this era of concrete, let's understand the impact on the environment and revive the old technique, construction and make the environment pollution-free.
Maato ko Ghar seems like an old method of weak buildings compared to the modern RCC, Reinforced Cement Concrete. But this presentation shows that Rammed Earth is stronger than Concrete; warm in winter at 19 degree when outside temperature is -1 degrees and cooler in summer at 25 degree when outside temperatures are 35 degrees, and cost only Rs 3500 per square feet. Fascinating.
Pol of Ahmedabad , pol housing, traditional housing, vernacular architecture ...DhvaniR2
analysis of pols of Ahmadabad..
diagrams and drawings showings all the elements of pols..
passive design strategies of pols
chabutaras, ottas, balconies, interaction spaces, tanks, carvings, wooden members shows in pictures..
TYPOLOGY of houses like linear houses, internal courtyard houses are there..
main chowk space with sitting area , parking ..
all streets are developed as they are always get shaded...
CHABUTARAS are identity of any pol as per its color, carving, style etc.
each pol have its gateway and even 1 unique identity like carved gate or TEMPLE or CHOWK or KHADAKI
JAIN TEMPLES01NKI and old HAVELY are also have big part on pol housespols of india
olest pol in ahemadabad
historical places in ahmedabad
Raj Rewal was born in Hoshiarpur, Punjab in 1934 and was among those who first encountered the application of advanced western theories of urban and building technologies in their country.
Here is a presentation on the life and works of Legendary Indian Architect Raj Rewal
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTIONСергей Власкин
At the heart of METTEM building technology there is a
multilayer wall panel – THERMAL PANEL. METTEM
Company is the developer and the patent holder of the
wall thermal panel and construction technology based
on the use of these thermal panels in a high-rise
construction.
МЕТТЭМ-Строительные технологии
Москва, ул. Энергетическая, д. 12, корп. 2
http://www.realtyestate.ru/mettem/
info@mettem-ct.ru
+7 (495) 968-7358
http://www.mettem.su
http://www.mettem-ct.ru
http://www.detskie-sady-detyam.ru
http://issuu.com/mettem-ct
https://twitter.com/mettemct
https://www.facebook.com/mettemst
http://www.youtube.com/user/mettemct/videos
https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/svlaskin2009/albums
#меттэм, #меттэм-ст, #меттэм-строительныетехнологии, #девелопмент, #власкинсергей
The aim of this PPT is to take an overview of the ‘membranes’ in cable and membrane structures. Before installation on site a membrane has to go through several stages right from design including the steps as form finding, load analysis and design of fabric geometry. The paper also talks about several shapes and forms a membrane can achieve and the principle behind the design of these shapes. Important aspect of membrane structure is availability of membranes in market. This paper accounts various available covering materials in the market and the criteria have to be considered before their installations on the site. Joinery plays a significant role in attaining the required shape and equilibrium. This PPT takes a review of significant junctions in a membrane structure.
Pol of Ahmedabad , pol housing, traditional housing, vernacular architecture ...DhvaniR2
analysis of pols of Ahmadabad..
diagrams and drawings showings all the elements of pols..
passive design strategies of pols
chabutaras, ottas, balconies, interaction spaces, tanks, carvings, wooden members shows in pictures..
TYPOLOGY of houses like linear houses, internal courtyard houses are there..
main chowk space with sitting area , parking ..
all streets are developed as they are always get shaded...
CHABUTARAS are identity of any pol as per its color, carving, style etc.
each pol have its gateway and even 1 unique identity like carved gate or TEMPLE or CHOWK or KHADAKI
JAIN TEMPLES01NKI and old HAVELY are also have big part on pol housespols of india
olest pol in ahemadabad
historical places in ahmedabad
Raj Rewal was born in Hoshiarpur, Punjab in 1934 and was among those who first encountered the application of advanced western theories of urban and building technologies in their country.
Here is a presentation on the life and works of Legendary Indian Architect Raj Rewal
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTIONСергей Власкин
At the heart of METTEM building technology there is a
multilayer wall panel – THERMAL PANEL. METTEM
Company is the developer and the patent holder of the
wall thermal panel and construction technology based
on the use of these thermal panels in a high-rise
construction.
МЕТТЭМ-Строительные технологии
Москва, ул. Энергетическая, д. 12, корп. 2
http://www.realtyestate.ru/mettem/
info@mettem-ct.ru
+7 (495) 968-7358
http://www.mettem.su
http://www.mettem-ct.ru
http://www.detskie-sady-detyam.ru
http://issuu.com/mettem-ct
https://twitter.com/mettemct
https://www.facebook.com/mettemst
http://www.youtube.com/user/mettemct/videos
https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/svlaskin2009/albums
#меттэм, #меттэм-ст, #меттэм-строительныетехнологии, #девелопмент, #власкинсергей
The aim of this PPT is to take an overview of the ‘membranes’ in cable and membrane structures. Before installation on site a membrane has to go through several stages right from design including the steps as form finding, load analysis and design of fabric geometry. The paper also talks about several shapes and forms a membrane can achieve and the principle behind the design of these shapes. Important aspect of membrane structure is availability of membranes in market. This paper accounts various available covering materials in the market and the criteria have to be considered before their installations on the site. Joinery plays a significant role in attaining the required shape and equilibrium. This PPT takes a review of significant junctions in a membrane structure.
The aim of this power point presentation is to give an overview of significance of the cables in cable net structures.
It accounts the type of cable net structures, structure of the cables and their applications.
The fixing of cables to membrane or cable to ground plays a significant role in keeping a structure in equilibrium. This paper considers the various fixing elements for the junction of these structural members and the termination of the cables.
It talks about general problems dealt with by cables net structures. It describes the various possibilities of anchoring the cable structures to ground. This paper takes a general preview of an application of cables in Lightweight membrane structures right from its design to installation.
you would be aware about the different types of special concrete being used in india.All these types of concrete are being produced by ultratech concrete, for more details visit www.ultratechconcrete.com/concrete_types.html
Cellular Lightweight Concrete is also known as CLC. In other words, CLC is also known as foamed concrete. The CLC is widely used for construction purposes as it has various advantages and usage than the traditional concrete bricks.
The foamed concrete is manufactured from mixing of Portland cement, sand, fly ash, water and performed foam in varied proportions. This CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete) can be produced at building sites with the use of machines and molds used for normal concrete.
One of an important characteristic of foamed concrete is it has self-compacting property as there is no compaction is required. And also, it easily flows out from the pump to fill the mold. With this property is can be pumped to maximum distance and height.
For continuous cellular lightweight concrete is manufactured by mixing light mortar and preformed foam under pressure in a special static mixer.
Admissions Open for BBA-LLB(Honours) - Join NCU Law School, Gurgaon (Delhi-NCR)THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY
Admissions Open for BBA-LLB(Honours) (5 years Integrated Degree Programme), LLM (1 year Degree Programme) and PhD Programme
http://www.ncuindia.edu/ncu/school-of-law/course-matrix-bballb-h
Admission open for M.tech 2016 in Civil Engineering - The Northcap University...THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY
Admission open for M.tech 2016 in Civil Engineering, Session Starts in July, 2016 - http://www.ncuindia.edu/schools/school-of-engg-technology/dept-of-civil-env-engg/postgraduate-programmes
Last Date for Application 20 June 2016 - http://www.ncuindia.edu/schools/school-of-engg-technology/dept-of-eece/courses-offered/bachelors-of-technology-in-electronics-communication-engineering
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERS
Unit-1 Lecture-2 - Light Weight Construction Materials by Brig. S.K. Sharma
1. Brig. S.K. Sharma (Retd.)
Pro Vice Chancellor and Professor
Department of Civil Engineering,
The Northcap University, Gurgaon
UNIT-1
LECTURE – 2
LIGHT WEIGHT CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY1
2. INDEX
TYPES OF FOAMED CONCRETE
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF FOAMED
CONCRETE
GROUP OF LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE (BY
AGGREGATES)
THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY2
3. TYPES OF FOAMED CONCRETE & THEIR
USES
(BY DENSITIES)
Foamed concrete with density of 300-600 kg/m3: This
concrete also called foamed cement or foam concrete, is
made of cement and foam only. This material is used for
thermal insulation of roof and floors, soundproofing and is
applied on rigid floors. It is used for tennis courts and void
filling between brickwork leaves in underground walls,
insulation filling in hollow blocks and any other filling
situation where high insulating properties are required.
Foamed concrete with density of 600-900 kg/m3: The
constituents of this concrete are cement sand and foam. It
is used for the manufacture of precast blocks and panels
for curtain and partition walls, slabs for false ceilings,
thermal insulation and soundproofing screeds in multistorey
residential and commercial buildings. The concrete of this
density range is also suitable for bulkfill applications.
THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY3
4. TYPES OF FOAMED CONCRETE (Continued…)
Foamed concrete with density of 900-1200 kg/m3: This
concrete made of cement, sand and foam, is used in
casting the concrete blocks and panels for outer leaves of
buildings, architectural omamentation as well as partition
walls, concrete slabs for roofing and floor screeds.
Foamed concrete with density of 1200-1600 kg/m3: This
lightweight foamed concrete containing cement, sand and
foam is used in precast panels of any dimension for
commercial and industrial use, in-situ casting of walls,
garden omaments and other uses where structural
concrete of light weight is recommended.
THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY4
5. Foamed lightweight concrete: The lightweight matrix
formed by the mixture of cement, water, lightweight
aggregate and foam, can be used without the tendency to
float when the mix is vibrated. Typical aggregates used are
expanded shale or clay, pumice, vermiculite or fly ash.
The inclusion of such material shale or clay, pumice,
vermiculite or fly ash. The inclusion of such material is only
recommended if it is locally available as its procurement
from outside source may result in a higher cost of the final
product.
TYPES OF FOAMED CONCRETE (Continued…)
THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY5
6. Foamed dense-weight concrete: The addition of up to
10 per cent foam into a normal dense-weight concrete
mix reduces its density and the cost. The increase in the
slump allows the water-to-cement ratio to be reduced.
Introduction of foam eliminates bleed water, allows early
troweling of the surface, makes the concrete pumpable
even in hot weather and improves the resistance to freeze-
thaw attrition. Although the reduction in water-to-cement
ratio produces an increase in strength, it is usually
necessary to slightly increase the cement content of the
mix to maintain the specified compressive strength.
TYPES OF FOAMED CONCRETE
(Continued…)
THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY6
7. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
FOAMED CONCRETE/MORTARS
ADVANTAGES:
Economy: Due to accurate geometrical dimensions the
foam concrete blocks and panels may be laid on glue, to
avoid frost bridges in a wall and to make the inner and
outer plaster thinner. The weight of foam concrete is about
10 to 80 per cent less than the conventional vibrated
concrete. This reduction in weight leads to sufficient
economy particularly on foundations and basements.
Foams concrete is easy to work with using common tools.
The saving in cost is generally of the order of 10 per cent.
Durability: Foam concrete is a durable material and
deterioration with time is very small. It is as durable as
rock.
THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY7
8. Advantages (Continued…)
Thermal insulation and microclimate: As already
covered, foamed concrete has far superior thermal
insulation properties than the conventional normal-
weight concrete. Due to high temperature lag,
buildings constructed with foam concrete products may
result in huge saving in the energy consumption of the
order of 20-35 per cent. Thus, the foamed concrete
which is almost a humidity-proof material prevents loss
of heat in winter by build up of very high temperatures
in summer, and controls air humidity in a room by
absorbing and releasing moisture as per environmental
conditions. Thus, it helps in creating a favorable
microclimate.
Acoustic insulation: As brought out under properties,
foamed concrete has superior acoustic properties as
compared to other dense-weight products due to its
excellent sound absorption capacity; it does not reflect
sound. In buildings constructed with foamed concrete,THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY8
9. Advantages (Continued….)
Fire safety: Foamed concrete is fire resistant, i.e., unlike
normal-weight concrete it neither spalls or splits or blows
nor gives off toxic gases under direct exposure to fire
(typically for foamed concrete with density less than 14
Kn/m3).
Aesthetics: Due to the high workability and light weight,
foamed concrete is extensively used in architectural
ornamentation.
Speed of construction: Due to he light weight of
foamed concrete, largesized blocks and panels as
compared to bricks, can be cast resulting in high speed
of laying these large-sized elements. Foam concrete is
convenient to process and can be cut to desired size;
and to drill holes for electrical wiring, sockets, and pipes.
The speed of construction is further enhanced through
lower tolerance (+/-1 mm) in linear dimensions.
Quality: It is amenable to efficient production with
consistent quality. Foamed concrete has minimum bleed
THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY9
10. Advantages (Continued….)
Ecological compatibility: Foamed concrete is
environment friendly, both in the production process and
product application, its ecological compatibility is second
only to wood.
Transportation: The available combination of weight,
volume and packaging makes foamed concrete a
favorable construction material which is convenient to
transport by highway or railway system. It has lower
transportation costs as one cubic meter of foam is
produced only from one liter of concentrate and is mixed
at the site.
Wide Range of applications: Foamed concrete is ideal
for thermal and acoustic insulation of roofs, walls and
floors; subscreeds and filling under-floor voids;
production of blocks and panels for removable partitions
in buildings. It is most suitable for filling redundant voids
such as disused tanks, sewer systems, pipelines, and
culverts-particularly where access is difficult.
THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY10
11. DISADVANTAGES
Compressive strength of foamed concrete reduce as its density
reduces.
The cellular structure of foamed concrete requires specialized
fasteners for the attachment of both structural framing members and
non-structural fittings. Metal-sleeved expanding anchors are not used
as they become loose. The retention values of attached fixtures
depend on the density of the product. Particular attention needs to be
given to those areas where continuous impact occur, e.g., door jambs.
All drilled holes in foamed concrete require the use of high speed twist
drills suitable for steel or wood, (masonry drill bits and hammers
cannot be used).
To provide holding power to fastners, expansion and friction grips
need be provided within the concrete.
The production of foamed concrete requires a specially designed
equipments for mixing as the foam tends to float at the surface of the
mix and thus its effectiveness is considerably reduced. Injecting the
foam into the mix rather than onto the mix is preferred in the case of
an open mixer. The problem of mixing is readily addressed to in the
THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY11
12. GROUPS OF LIGHT-WEIGHT CONCRETE
(BY AGGREGATES)
No-fines
Concrete
Light-weight
aggregate concrete
Aerated Concrete
Chemical aerating Foaming mixture
Gravel Clinker Aluminium powder
method
Preformed foam
Crushed stone Foamed slag Hydrogen peroxide
and bleaching
powder method
Air-entrained foam
Coarse clinker Expanded clay
Sintered pulverized
fuel ash
Expanded shale
Expanded clay or
shale
Pulverized fuel ash
Expanded slate Vermiculite
Foamed Slag Pumice
THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY12
13. CONCLUSION/FUTURE THOUGHTS
Structural light-weight aggregate concrete is a concrete
having 28 day compressive strength more than 17 Mpa and
28 day air dried unit weight not exceeding 1850kg/m3.
Structural light weight concrete is going to be one of the
important materials of construction. A concrete which is
light in weight and sufficiently strong to be used in
conjunction with steel reinforcement will be a material
which is more economical than the conventional concrete.
Therefore, a concrete which combines strength and
lightness will have the unquestionalbe economic
advantage.
Video: YouTube, Autoclaved Aeated Concrete, 06:37
THE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY13