This document discusses rammed earth as a building material. Rammed earth is created by compacting wet soil in formworks to create strong, sedimentary walls. It has been used in construction for thousands of years around the world. The objectives of using rammed earth are that it is inexpensive, can be constructed without skilled labor, uses locally available materials, is ecofriendly and sustainable. The process involves excavating soil, preparing mixtures, compacting layers in formworks to build up walls. Rammed earth walls have good thermal and soundproofing properties and are virtually fireproof. However, insulation may be needed in colder climates and protection from heavy rain is required.
In this era of concrete, let's understand the impact on the environment and revive the old technique, construction and make the environment pollution-free.
In this era of concrete, let's understand the impact on the environment and revive the old technique, construction and make the environment pollution-free.
Baker studied architecture in Birmingham and graduated in 1937, aged 20, in a period of political unrest for Europe.During the Second World War, he served in the Friends Ambulance Unit in China and Burma.He worked as an architect for an international and interdenominational Mission dedicated to the care of those suffering from leprosy. He focused on converting or replacing asylums once used to house the ostracized sufferers of the disease - "lepers".He Used indigenous architecture and methods of these places as means to deal with his once daunting problems.
Baker's designs invariably have traditional Indian sloping roofs and terracotta Mangalore tile shingling with gables and vents allowing rising hot air to escape curved walls to enclose more volume at lower material cost than straight walls.Designing and building low cost, high quality, beautiful homes
Suited to or built for lower-middle to lower class clients.
Irregular, pyramid-like structures on roofs, with one side left open and tilting into the wind.Brick jali walls, a perforated brick screen which utilises natural air movement to cool the home's interior and create intricate patterns of light and shadow.
FERROCRETE - MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION METHODSjagrutib22
Ferrocrete - introduction, ferrocement, history, difference between rcc and ferrocrete, applications, advantages and disadvantages, construction methods, use of ferrocrete technology and other information.
Low cost housing refers to houses that are inexpensive to build. IT doesn't mean that the houses will be inexpensive to live in.
The goal of low-cost housing is to save money while also maintaining buildings quality.
Following Properties Reduces Cost of Construction:
Locally available materials .
Improved skills and technology.
Without sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the structure.
hello! find the details about composite climate and aurabindo ashramam here. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
Maato ko Ghar seems like an old method of weak buildings compared to the modern RCC, Reinforced Cement Concrete. But this presentation shows that Rammed Earth is stronger than Concrete; warm in winter at 19 degree when outside temperature is -1 degrees and cooler in summer at 25 degree when outside temperatures are 35 degrees, and cost only Rs 3500 per square feet. Fascinating.
The purpose of writing this paper is to understand the viability of a material like mud in contemporary time, as I had
a question that is it viable to think that mud is contemporary material or not, it was the only available building material in the
history, Even today it is available in many areas of world and people do build their dwelling using it, but when the modern
materials were introduced such as reinforced concrete, steel, and bricks. These materials triumphed over it. Keeping the
question in mind, I decided to investigate mud wall construction techniques. To explore the idea, I have gone through different
books and articles. So keeping it in mind, I decided to comparative analysis of mud wall construction techniques and some
perception.
Architecture involves use of various different construction materials that require a unique constructiontechnique. But most of these construction techniques are energy intensive techniques.
Mud construction system is less energy intensive and very effective in different climatic conditions.
Earth is one of man's oldest building materials and most ancient civilizations used it in some form. It was easily available, cheap, and strong and required only simple technology.
Baker studied architecture in Birmingham and graduated in 1937, aged 20, in a period of political unrest for Europe.During the Second World War, he served in the Friends Ambulance Unit in China and Burma.He worked as an architect for an international and interdenominational Mission dedicated to the care of those suffering from leprosy. He focused on converting or replacing asylums once used to house the ostracized sufferers of the disease - "lepers".He Used indigenous architecture and methods of these places as means to deal with his once daunting problems.
Baker's designs invariably have traditional Indian sloping roofs and terracotta Mangalore tile shingling with gables and vents allowing rising hot air to escape curved walls to enclose more volume at lower material cost than straight walls.Designing and building low cost, high quality, beautiful homes
Suited to or built for lower-middle to lower class clients.
Irregular, pyramid-like structures on roofs, with one side left open and tilting into the wind.Brick jali walls, a perforated brick screen which utilises natural air movement to cool the home's interior and create intricate patterns of light and shadow.
FERROCRETE - MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION METHODSjagrutib22
Ferrocrete - introduction, ferrocement, history, difference between rcc and ferrocrete, applications, advantages and disadvantages, construction methods, use of ferrocrete technology and other information.
Low cost housing refers to houses that are inexpensive to build. IT doesn't mean that the houses will be inexpensive to live in.
The goal of low-cost housing is to save money while also maintaining buildings quality.
Following Properties Reduces Cost of Construction:
Locally available materials .
Improved skills and technology.
Without sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the structure.
hello! find the details about composite climate and aurabindo ashramam here. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
Maato ko Ghar seems like an old method of weak buildings compared to the modern RCC, Reinforced Cement Concrete. But this presentation shows that Rammed Earth is stronger than Concrete; warm in winter at 19 degree when outside temperature is -1 degrees and cooler in summer at 25 degree when outside temperatures are 35 degrees, and cost only Rs 3500 per square feet. Fascinating.
The purpose of writing this paper is to understand the viability of a material like mud in contemporary time, as I had
a question that is it viable to think that mud is contemporary material or not, it was the only available building material in the
history, Even today it is available in many areas of world and people do build their dwelling using it, but when the modern
materials were introduced such as reinforced concrete, steel, and bricks. These materials triumphed over it. Keeping the
question in mind, I decided to investigate mud wall construction techniques. To explore the idea, I have gone through different
books and articles. So keeping it in mind, I decided to comparative analysis of mud wall construction techniques and some
perception.
Architecture involves use of various different construction materials that require a unique constructiontechnique. But most of these construction techniques are energy intensive techniques.
Mud construction system is less energy intensive and very effective in different climatic conditions.
Earth is one of man's oldest building materials and most ancient civilizations used it in some form. It was easily available, cheap, and strong and required only simple technology.
this presentation defines about mud house what are its benefits and what challenges are faced it also describes the different techniques used in making mud house
Civil Engineering Materiel's 2017
Prepared By
MD. Sakin Morshed
Lecturer, Département Of Civil Engineering
Types of Materials:
Bricks
1. Hollow Blocks
2. Green Bricks
Making & Use
Differentiate green bricks for the materials they are constructed and there are several proposals (in line or already in progress) of bricks with different components:
Coal ash: This was an idea of a civil engineer, Henry Liu, in 1999, with a double environmental benefit. With this material the bricks are obtained at 212 degrees in 10 hours and take advantage of 45 million tons of the waste generated by coal power plants.
Hemp and straw: This brick and green has been used by Spanish companies. Despite the apparent fragility of the material hardness is similar to conventional ones. They have the disadvantage of being more expensive but well isolated from the outside temperature. This represents a savings of energy expenditure for heating and air conditioning, so that pays the price soon.
Used plastic and peanut shells: ecological bricks of this material are a creation of the Experimental Center for Economic Housing in Argentina who says they are tough, lightweight insulation and economic. In addition to producing energy savings possible recycling of waste for production.
Cement based building_materials_icr_aug2020Dr J.D. Bapat
Cite this paper: J D Bapat, Kalpana Karthikeyan, "Cement Based Building Materials", Indian Cement Review, August 2020, pp 48-51
The work on the following cement-based building materials has been covered: dry mix mortar plaster (DMM), cement-based fly ash bricks, AAC blocks and micro-concrete for concrete repair work.
Earth Homes Builders specializes in constructing innovative and sustainable earth homes. With their expertise in earth-based construction techniques and commitment to environmental harmony, they create dwellings that prioritize sustainability and offer a unique connection to nature.
This slide is focussing on ceramic clay bricks and explained details about manufacturing process from raw materials to final products. This slide also suggests few alternative methods of bricks processing.
Civil Engineering presentation topic. Its a green house building material, environment friendly and has wide application in constructions related to civil engineering projects.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
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3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Housing is one of the three basic human needs.
different building styles and innovation techniques and variety of building materials.
In our country Ethiopia, house agency with multiple payment programs, like 10/90,
20/80 and 40/60.
number of housing unit harvested from the above program is highly unproportional.
In addition to that the cost of construction materials, the lack of skilled labors and in
general the current economic inflation makes the construction process challengeable.
In order to came up with a viable solution for this problem, this paper/research tries to
develop an alternative building material scheme using by of the oldest and the
cheapest material to be used by mankind: rammed earth. Even if the material believed
to out date one, its merits still be added up on & developed. We believe it is possible
to upgrade the required strength quality and aesthetics without compromising on the
cost of the raw material.
4. Objective
Easy to constrict; even without the use of skilled labors.
Create the perspective / ideology that locally available materials are a
good alternative for construction.
Cost efficient affordable and inclusive out put
Ecofriendly and sustainable building approach.
Waste-conscious building system; recyclable and reusing.
5. Intro… Rammed Earth
Rammed earth is essentially manmade sedimentary rock.
The compaction may be done manually with a hammer-like
device
mechanically with a lever-operated brick-making press, or
pneumatically with an air-driven tamping tool. Dynamic
compaction using manual or power tampers not only compresses
the soil, but it also vibrates the individual dirt particles, shifting
them into the most tightly packed arrangement possible.
6. Rammed Earth
The Sun Pyramid if Teotihuacan
Five floor house at Weilburg.
Section of the great wall of china
made with rammed earth
7. Rammed Earth
This method consists on setting layers of
earth into a formwork and compact it to
increase its density and its compressive
strength and then repeat again until the top of
the structure desired.
The density of rammed earth is the highest of
the unbaked earth constructions, that is why
this method is one of the best's of this kind.
Rammed earth can also be stabilised with
additives such as cement to increase its
resistance, then is known as Stabilised
Rammed Earth and this method is even
better than unstabilised one.
8. Rammed earth structures around the world
House in New Zealand
Mangar Hotel in India Sankofa house in Ghana
Palace in France, Dauphiné - Château, from 19th century
9. The process of rammed
technical approach
1: Excavation for obtaining the soil
2: Preparation of the mixture
3: Insertion of the mixture on the formwork
4: Compaction
10. Rammed earth
While 500mm thick walls can still be constructed if desired, with or without cement, most modern
rammed earth walls in Australia are built using cement as a stabilizer and are typically 300mm thick
for external walls and 300mm or 200mm for internal walls.
The compressive strength of rammed earth is a maximum of 4.3 MPa (620 psi).
12. Advantages of earth rammed housing
Rammed earth has excellent thermal qualities. It heats up
slowly during the day and releases heat during the evening
The thickness and density of the walls lends itself naturally to
soundproofing.
Virtually fireproof
Economically viable
Energy efficient
Allows more air exchange than concrete structures, as the
materials allow the building to breath. This avoids
condensation issues without significant heat loss
Materials are readily available and relatively cheap
Resistant to termites.
Can be used to build and design earthquake-resistant
buildings.
13. disadvantage earth rammed housing
Not a good insulator, as rammed earth often requires insulation
in colder climates. Similar to brick and concrete
buildings.Allows more air exchange than concrete structures, as
the materials allow the building to breath. This avoids
condensation issues without significant heat loss
Can be used in wetter climates but must be protected from
heavy rain by an overhanging roof.