6. Meaning and Definition
•Literary terms – Diversity – Differences
•In social context – the meaning is specific.
•Collective differences among people
•One group is different from other
•Diversity – existence of differences in the whole.
7. Definition
•It refers to the
range of personnel who accurately
represent minority populations and
people from varies backgrounds,
culture, ethnicities and viewpoints.
•Barker - 2003
8. •The diversity in India is unique.
•UNITY in DIVERSITY
•Being a large country with large population
•India presents endless varieties of physical
features and cultural patterns.
•It is the land of many languages
•It has many religions.
•India is ‘the epitome of the world’
9. Levels of Social Diversity
Individual diversity
Regional Diversity
Linguistic Diversity
Religious Diversity
Caste Diversity
Tribes Diversity
11. Individual diversity
•From new born baby to Young
•Young to adult and even to older there is a
difference within a person.
•This difference is b/w two or more persons.
•In appearance or in belief systems, virtues,
characters and so on.
•The society maintain its identity in the midst of
changes.
12. Individual differences
Ethic Region Physique
Gender early
family experiences
Social Factors National Culture
Motivation
Perception
Attitudes
Personality Traits
and Types
Intelligence Abilities
Cultural Factors
13. • The individual share similarities with our
parents in respect of many physical attributes
like
• Height
• Colour of Eyes
• Shape of nose
• Cognitive
• Emotional
• Intellectual competence
• Love for sports
• Creativity
• Customs
• Socio – economic status
• Family environment interaction
• School Environment
14. Nature of Individual differences
These differences are as a result of
• Interaction of genetic and environmental
factors.
• Individual inherit certain characteristics from
their parents through genetic codes.
• Some of the characteristics depend on
contributions of the Socio-cultural
environment.
16. Types of Individual differences
•Heredity
•By Chromosomes and genes
•Female - 23 pairs of Chromosomes
•Male – 23 + 2 singles represented as XY the X and Y
are called sex chromosomes
•The heredity is hidden within the chromosomes
•They are assumed to be ‘Packets of Chemicals’
•No two siblings gets an identical heredity
17. •Environment:
•Environmental influences are those which
act upon the organism.
•Self:
•Individual differences are also due to the
particular constitution of self the
individual himself.
•Though twins are look like same there is
also differences.
18. Regional Diversity
Nature
•India consists of 29 states and 7 Union
Territories
•This creates Regional diversity
Diversity exists in
• Language
• Food
• Dress
• Customs
19. Regional Diversity
•Every state has its own distinctive cultural identity
within the common Indian culture.
•The North Indian states are significantly different
from the South Indian states in all these areas.
•Meaning:
In +ve sense,
•It is a political attribute associated with people’s
love for their region, culture, language, etc.
•with a view to maintain their independent identity.
20. Regionalism
•Definition:
Regionalism is the sense of affection and
attachment for people belonging to one’s
own region rather than for those who
belongs to some other region.
23. Historical Causes
•The We-feeling was crushed
due to some historical causes.
•Conflicts are in the states.
•These conflicts had created
bitterness among them – no
open heart and open mind.
24. Political Causes
•In different regions some
people have demanded for
the formation of regional
government.
•This leads to regional
interest.
25. •Psychological Causes - wish of the people –
progress and achievement of the region.
•Social Causes – marriages are preferred
with the person of the same regional
background.
•Social Causes – Due to economic problems
such as lack of resources, unemployment
etc of a particular region people from
those region often migrates to
comparatively stable economic region
26. Role of Education in Eradicating Regionalism
Encouragement of travel
and communication
Propagating
National History
Prevention of influence of Regional
political parties in education
Purposive teaching of
History
27. Linguistic Diversity
•The census of 1961 listed as many as 1,652
languages.
•Since most of these languages spoken by very few
people, the subsequent census regarded them as
spurious but the 8th schedule of the constitution of
India recognizes 22 languages.
•These are (1) Assamese, (2) Bengali, (3)Gujarati, (4)
Hindi, (5) Kannada, (6) Kashmir, (7) Konkani, (8)
Malayalam, (9) Manipuri, (10) Marathi, (11) Nepali,
(12) Oriya, (13) Punjabi, (14) Sanskrit, (15) Tamil, (16)
Telugu, (17) Urdu and (18) Sindhi, (19) Santhali, (20)
Boro, (21), Maithili and (22) Dogri.
28. •But four of these languages namely Sanskrit,
Kashmiri, Nepali and Sindhi are not official
languages in any State of the Indian Union.
•But all these languages are rich in literature.
•Hindi is recognized of the official language of the
Indian Union by the Constitution.
29. Constitutional Provision for preserving linguistic diversity
•The constitution of India contains various
provisions related to the languages as well as the
conservation of languages.
•The article 346 of the Indian constitution
recognises Hindi in Devnagri script as an official
language of the centre.
30. Need and importance of preserving
linguistic diversity in India
Cultural Identity:
Cultural Diversity:
Human rights:
A glimpse of our past
Environment:
Cognitive abilities:
31. •Need and importance of preserving linguistic diversity in
India:
•Cultural Identity: For individuals, language is constitutive of
cultural identity. We are what we speak. Any destruction to
language impact identity of individuals leading to identity crisis.
This impact their ability to grow and develop as an individual.
•Cultural Diversity: Diversity in languages reflects and enhances
cultural diversity. This in turn enriches the world. Unwritten
languages rich in oral traditions, stories, songs, poetry, and ritual
passed down through the generations constitute cultural diversity
of a nation.
•Human rights: Since language is central to identity, one’s
freedom to use one’s language is seen as inherent in the dignity
of the human person. Many people don’t know English and thus
fail to enjoy rights provided due to lack of understanding.
32. •A glimpse of our past: Languages provides a glimpse of
our history. Once a language is lost it is a loss of history and
culture associated with that language. Many languages have
not been preserved and thus many traditions have lost due
to this.
•Environment: Languages are closely connected to the
environment they are spoken in, so in such areas they
contain rich, detailed and technical knowledge about the
flora, fauna, and habitat of that area. These languages are
ecological encyclopedias. The biological diversity and
linguistic diversity go hand in hand. If one is threatened,
then so is the other.
•Cognitive abilities: Research has shown a strong correlation
between improved cognitive abilities in children when they are
taught in their mother tongue in primary school. If a child is not
taught in the language that he or she uses at home, then he
suffer poor learning and critical abilities.
33. Religious diversity
•It has been an important part of Indian life for
centuries, despite the lack of an official state
religion in India.
•Religion plays an important role in temple
festivals, ceremonies, pilgrimages, and family
traditions.
34. Religious Diversity
•India is not religiously a homogenous state even though
nearly 80 percent of the population own up Hinduism.
•India is a land of multiple religions.
•We find here followers of various faiths, particularly of
Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism,
Jainism.
•We know it that Hinduism is the dominant religion of
India.
•According to the census of 2001 it is professed by 80.05
percent of the total population.
•Next comes Islam which is practiced by 13.04 percent.
•This is followed by Christianity having a followers of
2.03 percent, Sikhism reported by 1.9 percent,
Buddhism by 0.8 percent and Jainism by 0.4 percent.
35. Religious Diversity - Causes
Historical
Evolution
Geographical
and
Cultural
Differences
Migration
and Diaspora
Colonialism
and
Imperialism
Freedom of
Religion
Conversion
Personal Choice
Globalization
Interfaith
Marriages
Secularization
Pluralism
and
Tolerance
36. Caste Diversity
•India is a country of castes.
•Caste or Jati refers to a hereditary, endogamous
status group practicing a specific traditional
occupation.
•It is surprising to know there are more than 3,000
Jatis in India.
•These are hierarchically graded in different ways
in different regions.
37. • Brahmins: They were considered to be of the highest order in society.
• They acted as guardians of the religion.
• They were highly respected and usually perform jobs of teachers,
priests, and other respectable jobs.
• Kshatriyas: They were placed in second-order after Brahmins.
• They were assigned jobs of warriors or landlords in society.
• They were well-known for their bravery and courage.
• Vaishya: They were people involved in the business.
• They were merchants, goldsmiths, small traders, and others.
• They were suppliers of essential commodities in society.
• Shudra: They were the people who did menial jobs like laborers, artisans,
craftsmen, and others.
• They were not allowed any formal education of Vedas and were last in
order.
• Dalits: They were the people engaged in jobs like sweepers, shoemakers,
washers, and others.
• They were also untouchables and were not even treated like humans.
38. Caste Diversity
•It may also be noted that the practices of caste system is
not confined to Hindus alone.
•We find castes among the Muslims, Christians, Skish as
well as other communities.
•We have heard of the hierarchy of Shaikh, Saiyed, Mughal,
Pathan among the Muslims, Furthermore, there are castes
like Teli (oil pressure).
•Dhobi (washerman), Darjee (tailor) etc, among the
Muslims.
39. Caste
Diversity
-
Causes
Historical Factors
Ancient Origin
Migration and
Settlement
Social Factors
Endogamy
Social Hierarchies
Cultural Factors
Traditions and Rituals
Occupational
Specialization
Economic Factors
Economic
Specialization
Resource Distribution
Regional Factors
Geographical
Variation
Local Historical Events
41. •Historical Factors:
•a. Ancient Origin: Caste systems in various regions of
the world, such as India, Nepal, and parts of Africa,
have ancient origins. Over time, these systems have
evolved and diversified due to historical
developments.
•b. Migration and Settlement: Different caste groups
migrated to different regions and settled in various
areas. As a result, they retained their distinct
identities, leading to caste diversity in those regions.
42. Social Factors
•a. Endogamy: The practice of marrying within
one's caste or social group contributes to the
preservation of caste identity and diversity.
•b. Social Hierarchies: Caste systems often involve
hierarchical structures, with different castes
occupying different positions in the social
hierarchy. This hierarchy can lead to the
perpetuation of caste diversity.
43. •Cultural Factors:
•a. Traditions and Rituals: Each caste group
typically has its own set of traditions, rituals, and
customs, which help maintain their distinct
cultural identity and diversity.
•b. Occupational Specialization: Historically, caste
groups were associated with specific occupations,
which contributed to their unique cultural
practices and identities.
44. •Economic Factors:
•a. Economic Specialization: Certain castes
traditionally specialized in specific economic
activities, such as agriculture, trade, or
craftsmanship.
•This economic specialization can lead to caste
diversity based on occupation.
•b. Resource Distribution: Access to resources and
opportunities can vary among different caste
groups, further reinforcing caste diversity based
on economic disparities.
45. •Regional Factors:
• a. Geographical Variation: Caste diversity can be more pronounced
in regions with diverse geographical and ecological conditions.
Different castes might adapt to different environments, leading to
regional caste diversity.
• b. Local Historical Events: Specific historical events, such as wars,
invasions, or the influence of rulers, can also impact the caste
composition of a region.
• Government Policy
• a. Reservation Policies: In countries like India, affirmative action
policies provide reserved seats and opportunities for historically
disadvantaged caste groups. These policies can influence the
distribution of different castes across various sectors, contributing
to caste diversity.
46. •Social Mobility:
•a. Changes in Social Status: Over time, some individuals
and families from lower-caste backgrounds may achieve
higher social status, education, and economic success. This
can result in changes to the composition and diversity of
castes in a given area.
•Interactions and Integration:
•a. Urbanization and Globalization: Increased urbanization
and globalization can lead to greater interaction and
integration among people from diverse castes, potentially
blurring caste lines to some extent.
47. Tribes Diversity
•Tribe is a social group having many families, nomadic
(travelling) bands and other sub groups living on a
definite geographical area having separate language,
separate and singular culture.
• Gillin and Gillin considers any collection of pre-literate
local group that occupies a common general territory
speaks a common language and practices a common
culture as a tribe.
48. T.B Naik has given the following features of tribes
in Indian context
• A tribe should have least functional interdependence within the
community.
• It should be economically backward (i.e. primitive means of exploiting
natural resources, tribal economy should be at an underdeveloped
stage and it should have multifarious economic pursuits).
• There should be a comparative geographical isolation of its people.
• They should have a common dialect ( Language).
• Tribes should be politically organized and community panchayat
should be influential.
• A tribe should have customary laws.
• There are over 700 scheduled tribes notified under Article 342 of the
Constitution of India.
• According to the 2015-16 Annual Report of the Ministry of Tribal
Affairs the population of the Scheduled Tribes in the country is 10.45
crore which as per 2011 census constitutes 8.6% of the total
population.
50. Role of Education in creating positive attitude towards
diversity
•It is important to understand the social diversity of a
country like India, with its long history and rich and
varied culture.
•The following reasons may be suggested for inclusion
from the educational context.
•In schools, regional languages must be included and
along with regional language, other languages must be
made familiar.
•History of India must be propagated.
•Teaching and learning of History must be made
purposive.
•Travelling around the country as an educational trip
must be encouraged in order to know the customs and
cultures of the people in other parts of the country.
51. • Influence of regional political parties in education must be
prevented.
• Education must propagate national integration.
• Interest to lean many languages must be encouraged.
• Co-curricular activities such as competitions, games and dramas
promoting respect for various languages and religions should be
encouraged.
• Educational system must be reconstructed to emphasize the
nature of four culture and inculcate secularism and scientific
temper among your students.
• The government should not yield to communal pressures and
their negative influence on educational aims and policies.
• Curriculum must be free from religious bias.
• General activities of schools such as general assembly and
celebrations of festivals must be irrespective of any religions.
52.
53. Role of Education in creating positive attitude
towards diversity
Awareness and
Knowledge
Cultural Competence
Empathy and
Perspective-Taking
Critical
Thinking
Inclusivity
and
Respect
Multicultura
l Curriculum
Role Models and
Diverse Faculty
Encouraging
Dialogue
Anti-Bullying and
Inclusion Programs
Experiential
Learning
Social and
Emotional
Learning
Legal and
Ethical
Framework
54. Education as Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary
• Today, we have so many social problems that their solution is not
possible in one discipline, therefore, the interaction between
different disciplines is needed to solve this problem.
• This interaction between two or more disciplines is called an
interdisciplinary approach.
• Through an interdisciplinary approach, students can make
connections between disciplines in education and see the
correlation which improves overall learning.
• Education is a process of human development as well as an
independent field of study or discipline.
• Most of the content of education is the result of an
interdisciplinary approach.
55. •Multidisciplinary education is a unique
educational approach that allows students to
learn and explore distinct subjects or curricula
from various disciplines.
•Education is not limited to a particular
discipline.
•It is a curriculum integration that highlights the
diverse perspectives that different disciplines
can bring.
57. Importance of Multidisciplinary Education
•The importance of multidisciplinary education is as
follows:
•With multidisciplinary education in colleges, students
get the right to choose their favourite subject.
•It allows your students to understand the power of new
ideas.
•It helps sharpen student’s personal growth.
•Therefore, it is important in today’s world for limitless
learning to have a unique education system that
promotes a multi-disciplinary approach to help students
follow their passion.
58. Philosophy and Education
•Education and philosophy are very closely related and in
some areas they overlap each other.
•There is a close interaction between the two; one without
the other is inconceivable’ (Walter and Heckmann, 2003).
•It is quite often said that, ‘Philosophy and Education are
two sides of the same coin’ since Education is considered
as the dynamic side of philosophy.
•The art of education cannot be completed without
philosophy and philosophy cannot convert others to its
aims and values without education.
•Education is practical in nature and philosophy is theory.
59. •The basic relationship between philosophy and
education can be analyzed as follows.
•It is philosophy, that provides the purpose or the aim
and it is education which makes it practical.
•Philosophy shows the way and education moves on in
that direction.
•When we define education as the modification or
behaviour, the direction in which modification ought
to be carried out is determined by philosophy.
•Thus, philosophy deals with the end and education
with the means.
60. • According to Thomson, every teacher should realize the
importance of philosophy in education.
• A true teacher should have knowledge of the subject he/she
teaches the pupils and the society.
• He/she should also have the moralistic sense, which comes from
philosophy.
• The choice of students must cater to the principles and purposes
of philosophy.
• Choice of curriculum needs philosophers or leaders of thought.
• With the change of time and circumstances, the curricula also
changes and this change can be brought out only by educators
who are philosophers at heart!
61. RELATIONSHIP OF EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY
•"Education is a process which enables the individual to
distinguish between true and false, good and bad, right
and wrong".
•Stephen says, “Educational Psychology is the systematic
study of the educational growth and development of a
child".
62. How far education and psychology are related to each
other?
•Education is concerned with aims, ideals and
standards of life and psychology determines
whether these aims are attainable or not.
•Education demands the teacher to know the child
as well as the subject matter of instruction, where
the psychology helps to know about the child.
•Psychology also helps the teacher to teach
effectively undertaking effective and appropriate
teaching techniques.
