This document discusses education in contemporary India, including the aims of education like knowledge, moral development, and harmonious personality development. It outlines different levels of education such as pre-primary, primary, secondary, and professional education. It provides details on the development of primary education in India, including free and compulsory education policies over time from 1944 to the present. Finally, it identifies problems in implementing free and compulsory primary education for all children, such as population growth, poverty, child labor, gender inequality, teacher shortages, and parental attitudes.