The document discusses Indian culture and society. It defines culture and describes India as highly multicultural due to the coexistence of many ethnic and religious groups over generations. India has over 20 official languages and hundreds of other languages spoken. While multiculturalism has enriched Indian society, it has also led to some linguistic conflicts over representation and economic/political issues. However, India's diversity remains fundamental to its heritage and identity.

1. Overview of Indian Society
- Ms. Shivani Naik Devrukhkar
Corporate Trainer & Academician
shivz2619@gmail.com

5. The term “Culture” refers to a state of intellectual
development or manners.
•Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge,
experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings,
hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial
relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects
and possessions acquired by a group of people in the
course of generations through individual and group
striving.
•Culture is the systems of knowledge shared by a
relatively large group of people.

6. •Culture is communication, communication is culture.
•Culture in its broadest sense is cultivated behavior; that is
the totality of a person's learned, accumulated experience
which is socially transmitted, or more briefly, behavior
through social learning.
•A culture is a way of life of a group of people--the
behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept,
generally without thinking about them, and that are passed
along by communication and imitation from one
generation to the next.
•Culture is symbolic communication. Some of its symbols
include a group's skills, knowledge, attitudes, values, and
motives. The meanings of the symbols are learned and
deliberately perpetuated in a society through its
institutions.

7. •Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and
for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols,
constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups,
including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core
of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their
attached values; culture systems may, on the one hand, be
considered as products of action, on the other hand, as
conditioning influences upon further action.
•Culture is the sum of total of the learned behavior of a
group of people that are generally considered to be the
tradition of that people and are transmitted from generation
to generation.

8. Multiculturalism in India

9. •Multiculturalism is the phenomenon of multiple groups
of cultures existing within one society, largely due to the
arrival of immigrant communities, or the acceptance and
advocacy of this phenomenon. Supporters of
multiculturalism claim that different traditions and cultures
can enrich society; however, the concept also has its
critics, to the point where the term "multiculturalism" may
well be used more by critics than by supporters. It could,
indeed, be classified as a snarl word or a buzzword,
depending on the audience.
•Multiculturalism describes the existence, acceptance, or
promotion of multiple cultural traditions within a single
jurisdiction, usually considered in terms of the culture
associated with an ethnic group.

10. The concept of multiculturalism originated in the 1970s and was
used in Canada for the first time to tackle the problem of
immigrants. Then it spread to other countries like Australia, USA,
UK and some countries in the European Union where immigrants
of different countries of the world lived and settled. Since
assimilation and homogenization failed, multiculturalism has
become inevitable and thus the governments adopted it as an
official, political policy.
Multiculturalism is defined as the state of co-existence of diverse
cultures. Culture includes, racial, religious, linguistic, etc. which
may have differences and distinctions in customary behaviours,
cultural assumptions and values, patterns of thinking and
communicative styles. It also aims at the preservation of different
cultures and their identities within a unified society as a state or
nation.

11. ‘Multiculturalism’ is now used not only to define disadvantaged and
maginalised groups like tribals, linguistic-cultural-religious
minorities, LGBT, disabled, etc., but also immigrants who may come
under ethnic, religious minorities as well as minority nations and
indigenous peoples.
Multiculturalism is applied by the government, philosophers,
politicians, writers, critics and scholars for human society alone, but
to me it includes non-human beings, plants and the planet itself. As
we say that human beings in a society or nation should live as
members of a family irrespective of their race, religion, caste,
language or gender, it is necessary that we should live in harmony
with other beings, both animals and plants.

12. Demographic composition in India
Demography is the statistical study of populations,
especially human beings. As a very general science, it can analyze
any kind of dynamic living population, i.e., one that changes over
time or space (see population dynamics). Demography
encompasses the study of the size, structure, and distribution of
these populations, and spatial or temporal changes in them in
response to birth, migration, ageing, and death. Based on the
demographic research of the earth, earth's population up to the year
2050 and 2100 can be estimated by demographers. Demographics
are quantifiable characteristics of a given population

13. • India is the second most populated country in the world with
nearly a fifth of the world's population. According to the United
Nations in July 2016, the population stood at 1,326,801,576.
• India is projected to be the world's most populous country by
2022,surpassing China, its population reaching 1.7 billion by
2050.Thus, India is expected to become the first political entity in
history to be home to more than 1.5 billion people. Its population
growth rate is 1.2%, ranking 94th in the world in 2013. The
Indian population reached the billion mark in 1998.
• India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25
and more than 65% below the age of 35. It is expected that, in
2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to
37 for China and 48 for Japan; and, by 2030, India's dependency
ratio should be just over 0.4.

14. Population 1,326,801,576 (July 2016 est.)
Density 382 people per.sq.km (2011 est.)
Growth rate 1.19% (2016) (96th)
Birth rate 19.3 births/1,000 population
(2016 est.)
Death rate 7.3 deaths/1,000 population
(2016 est.)
Life expectancy 68.89 years (2009 est.)
• male 67.46 years (2009 est.)
• female 72.61 years (2009 est.)
Fertility rate 2.2 children born/woman (2016
est.)
Infant mortality rate 41 deaths/1,000 live births (2016
est.)

15. Multilingualism is the use of two or more languages, either by an
individual speaker or by a community of speakers. It is believed
that multilingual speakers outnumber monolingual speakers in the
world's population.

16. INDIAN MULTILINGUALISM: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Indian multilingualism dates back historically to ancient times when ethnic groups
and races came in contact with one another through migration from one region to
another. Although political compulsions and social re-structuring might have
contributed a little to its growth, multilingualism in India was largely a product of
close contact between the four language families from the earliest recorded
history. This contact had resulted in the growth of India as a linguistic area with
certain common features.
Co-existence of many languages, races, cultures, and religions has been the
essence of Indian heritage. In contrast to this, language uniformity is considered
necessary for the economic development in the West. To dissolve the linguistic
diversities in the melting pot, and accepting exclusively the dominant language for
all purposes such as education, law, administration, and mass communication, is
not truly an Indian model.

17. 29 states and 7 Union Territories

20. Linguistic Conflicts
Linguistically, conflict between different ethnic groups often
results from language contact. Problems viewed as political,
economic or sociological in nature are often actually rooted in
linguistic conflict.

21. Causes of language conflicts
1. Geographical causes
2. Misrepresentation of historical evidences
3. Psychological and emotional causes
4. Economic causes
5. Political causes

22. Consequences of language conflicts
•Persecution of the linguistic minorities
•Increasing regionalism and parochialism
•Formation of regional political parties
•Demand for separate states
•Inter-state border disputes

23. Eighth Schedule to the Constitution
The Eighth Schedule to the Indian Constitution contains a
list of 22 languages. At the time the constitution was
enacted, it contained a list of 15 languages. In 1992, the
71st Amendment Act inserted 3 languages. In 2003, via the
92nd Amendment to the Constitution, four more languages
were added bringing the total to 22.
Inclusion of a language to this list has great significance. It
becomes an obligation to the Government of India to take
measures for the development of these languages, such
that they grow in richness and become effective means of
communicating modern knowledge.

24. Thank You
Ms. Shivani Naik Devrukhkar
Corporate Trainer & Academician
shivz2619@gmail.com