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Pangaea the super continent
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- 3. Earth’s crustis broken into different plates These plates are in continuous motion Their movement shape continents and oceans Also causes events and forms spectacular features below and above surface Continents join and break apart due to tectonic forces
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- 5. Most recentsupercontinent Derived from Greek word meaning, “All Land” First proposed by German scientist Alfred Wegener This supercontinent existed from Permian epoch upto Jurassic It was surrounded by single ocean Panthalassa
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- 7. Around 300mya the northwestern part of the ancient continent of Gondwana near the South Pole, collided with the southern part of the Euramerican continent Gondwana consisted of South America, Africa, India, Australia and Antarctica Euramerican consisted of North America and Eurasia, their collision formed the Appalachian mountains
- 8. Eventually theAngaran continent, located near the North Pole, began to move south and collided with the northern part of Euramerican by about 270 million years ago. Another separate landmass, Cathaysia, which was made up of north and south China that was not a part of the larger Pangea landmass. Once it was completely formed, Pangea covered around one- third of the Earth's surface
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- 12. This supercontinentstarted breaking apart in Jurassic period First split into two main landmasses (Gondwana and Laurasia) New ocean called Tethys formed between Gondwana and Laurasia Slowly Laurasia broke into North America and Eurasia Gondwana broke into African, south America, India, Australia and Antarctica
- 13. The firstnew oceans to form were the central and southern Atlantic About 180 million years ago the central Atlantic Ocean opened up between North America and northwestern Africa Around 140 million years ago the South Atlantic Ocean formed when South America separated from the west coast of southern Africa The Indian Ocean formed when India separated from Antarctica and Australia and about 80 million years ago North America and Europe, Australia and Antarctica, India and Madagascar separated also
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- 16. Continents fiteach other like Jigsaw puzzle Fossils of widely spread animals and plants species Coal distribution, as coal is formed in warm, wet climates but scientists has discovered coal in Antarctica Magnetic properties of rocks showing same specific direction of alignment of magnetic minerals Glaciation found in India and Australia although they are far away from poles
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- 21. Marine Life Littleexposed fossil evidence available for Panthalassic Ocean Fossils of the shallower coastal waters around the Pangaea continental shelf indicate that reefs were large and diverse ecosystems with numerous sponge and coral species Ammonites, brachiopods were common The lobe-finned and spiny fishes that gave rise to the amphibians of the Carboniferous were being replaced by true bony fish Sharks and rays continued in abundance.
- 22. Plants On land,the giant swamp forests of the Carboniferous began to dry out The mossy plants that depended on spores for reproduction were being replaced by the first seed-bearing plants, the gymnosperms Gymnosperms are vascular plants, able to transport water internally
- 23. Land Animals Despiteits lizard-like appearance, recent discoveries have concluded that Dimetrodon skulls, jaws and teeth are closer to mammal skulls scutosaurus gorgonops
- 24. Permian Extinction Duringthe Permian extinction 95 percent of marine species and more than 70 percent of land animals died Acid rain destroyed vegetation Ocean turned pink due to algae Frozen methane escaped from sea beds raising temperature further During next 50 million years planet cools down and life thrives again Dinosaurs, reptiles and mammals emerged till Jurassic
- 25. Permian formations inPakistan
- 26. Glacio fluvial Shallow marine to esturay Nonmarine Shallow marine Shallow marine Shallow marine deltaic
- 27. Marine to delta ShallowMarine to delta Shallow Marine Shallow Marine to delta Shallow Marine, estuarine, delta
- 28. References https://www.universetoday.com/73678/what-is-pangea/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-pangea-1435303 https://www.livescience.com/38218-facts-about-pangaea.html