Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1910, suggesting that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Wegener provided three lines of evidence to support his theory: the matching shapes of continental coastlines, matching fossil distributions across continents, and evidence that past climates did not match current continental positions. While his theory was initially rejected due to the lack of a mechanism, it was later supported by the discovery of seafloor spreading in the 1960s, which provided a process to explain how and why continents move over Earth's surface.
Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. The plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared to Earth's mantle. This strong outer layer is called the lithosphere.
Download the lesson exemplar so you can follow this ppt. I have uploaded the lesson plan on this presentation too. Please search continental drift theory LP
if videos do not play, here are the links
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaUk94AdXPA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwWWuttntio
Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. The plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared to Earth's mantle. This strong outer layer is called the lithosphere.
Download the lesson exemplar so you can follow this ppt. I have uploaded the lesson plan on this presentation too. Please search continental drift theory LP
if videos do not play, here are the links
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaUk94AdXPA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwWWuttntio
This Powerpoint Presentaion is used for my 11th Grade Earth Science Reporting as a major requirement for our sujbect. It talks about the tectonic processes and Plate boundaries with its theories..
1. CONTINENTAL DRIFT
“Father” of this theory is Alfred Wegener.
2. The Theory of Continental Drift
Proposed by Alfred Wegener (1912):-
A large super-continent PANGEA split into smaller fragments about 200-300 million years ago. These then drifted apart to form the present arrangement of continents.
Most geologists were highly skeptical and the idea was NOT widely accepted.
3. This is what Wegener thought Pangea looked like 200-300 million years ago.
4. EVIDENCE OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT
Wegener provided four main pieces of evidence to support his theory that the continents had been drifting over time.
5. 1. JIGSAW PUZZLE
Wegener noticed that if we could move present day continents around, several continents look like they would fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
6. 2. FOSSILS
Wegener also found fossils of the same plants and animals on different continents now separated by vast oceans. They could only be found this way if the continents had once been joined together.
7. 3. ROCK SEQUENCE
Wegener also found that mountain ranges have a similar sequence of type of rock and age on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, suggesting they were once part of the same mountain range.
8. 4. GLACIAL SCARS
Wegener found evidence of glacial scars left behind by giant ice sheets from the same time period in Southern Africa, India, Australia and South America.
The white areas were covered by ice and tundra about 300 million years ago (arrows show the direction of ice movement).
the continents were once part of a single larger continent that then split apart, drifting to their present positions over the last 300 million years.
9. WHAT COULD MOVE THE CONTINENTS?
Unfortunately for Wegener, he could not explain what force was powerful enough to move entire continents around the planet.
For reasons was he can't explain
Alfred Wegener died on expedition in Greenland in 1930 still searching for answers to the question of what force could be responsible for the movement of the continents.
10. Reason for Support Continental Drift?
Fit of continents
Apparent discrepancy in inferred latitudes of ancient rocks
Rocks of same age and similar characteristics on different continents
Distribution of similar plants and animals on different continents
11. WEGENERS CONCLUSIONS:
The continents have drifted over the past 300 million
years to their present positions!
(not a very popular idea at the time!!!)
This Powerpoint Presentaion is used for my 11th Grade Earth Science Reporting as a major requirement for our sujbect. It talks about the tectonic processes and Plate boundaries with its theories..
1. CONTINENTAL DRIFT
“Father” of this theory is Alfred Wegener.
2. The Theory of Continental Drift
Proposed by Alfred Wegener (1912):-
A large super-continent PANGEA split into smaller fragments about 200-300 million years ago. These then drifted apart to form the present arrangement of continents.
Most geologists were highly skeptical and the idea was NOT widely accepted.
3. This is what Wegener thought Pangea looked like 200-300 million years ago.
4. EVIDENCE OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT
Wegener provided four main pieces of evidence to support his theory that the continents had been drifting over time.
5. 1. JIGSAW PUZZLE
Wegener noticed that if we could move present day continents around, several continents look like they would fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
6. 2. FOSSILS
Wegener also found fossils of the same plants and animals on different continents now separated by vast oceans. They could only be found this way if the continents had once been joined together.
7. 3. ROCK SEQUENCE
Wegener also found that mountain ranges have a similar sequence of type of rock and age on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, suggesting they were once part of the same mountain range.
8. 4. GLACIAL SCARS
Wegener found evidence of glacial scars left behind by giant ice sheets from the same time period in Southern Africa, India, Australia and South America.
The white areas were covered by ice and tundra about 300 million years ago (arrows show the direction of ice movement).
the continents were once part of a single larger continent that then split apart, drifting to their present positions over the last 300 million years.
9. WHAT COULD MOVE THE CONTINENTS?
Unfortunately for Wegener, he could not explain what force was powerful enough to move entire continents around the planet.
For reasons was he can't explain
Alfred Wegener died on expedition in Greenland in 1930 still searching for answers to the question of what force could be responsible for the movement of the continents.
10. Reason for Support Continental Drift?
Fit of continents
Apparent discrepancy in inferred latitudes of ancient rocks
Rocks of same age and similar characteristics on different continents
Distribution of similar plants and animals on different continents
11. WEGENERS CONCLUSIONS:
The continents have drifted over the past 300 million
years to their present positions!
(not a very popular idea at the time!!!)
This pdf covers theory of continental drift and plate tectonics.
Continental drift
Plate Tectonics
Mantle Convection
Convection currects
Types of Mantle convection
Drivers of the plate motion.
Bibliography_ Lutgens, Tarbuk and Tasa Publisher: Prentice Hall
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2. Alfred Wegener (Vegener)
• As a young scientist,
Wegener was curious
about Earth’s continents.
• In 1910, Mr. Wegener
formed a hypothesis
which stated all the
continents were once
joined together in a giant
landmass.
• He named this landmass
PANGAEA.
3. Theory of Continental Drift, which
states that parts of the Earth's
crust slowly drift atop a liquid
core.
4. Wegener used 3 types of evidence
to prove his theory!
1.Evidence from landforms
2.Evidence from fossils
3.Evidence from climate
5. Evidence from landforms
• The shapes of the
continents seemed to
fit together.
• Mountain ranges and
other features also
lined up.
8. Evidence from Fossils
• Fossils from one
continent matched
fossils from other
continents.
• Wegener used both
plant and animal
fossils.
Glossopteris: a fern found
on the southern
continents
Mesosaurus: a
freshwater swimming
reptile found in Africa
and South America
11. Evidence from Climate
• Wegener looked at
certain areas on Earth
and their climates
• He noted that the
fossils he found on
certain sections of
Earth did not match
the current climate
Glacier scratches in S.
Africa
12. At first nobody believed Alfred Wegener’s
theory…..
WHY ??!??
He could not prove how or
why the continents moved.
14. • Seafloor spreading is the
movement of two oceanic
plates away from each
other, which results in the
formation of new oceanic
crust (from magma that
comes from within the
Earth's mantle) along a a
mid-ocean ridge.
Ocean floor spreading was
first suggested by Harry
Hess and Robert Dietz in
the 1960's.
15. • As the plates move apart,
the rocks break and form a
crack between the plates.
• Earthquakes occur along
the plate boundary.
Magma rises through the
cracks and seeps out onto
the ocean floor like a long,
thin, undersea volcano.
16. The magma meets the water, it cools and
solidifies, adding to the edges of the
sideways-moving plates
As magma piles up along the crack, a
long chain of mountains forms gradually
on the ocean floor. This chain is called
an oceanic ridge.
18. The ocean floor gradually extends and the
size of these plates increases.
19. • Seafloor spreading helps explain
continental drift in the theory of plate
tectonics.
• Basaltic magma rises up the fractures
and cools on the ocean floor to form
new sea floor. Older rocks will be
found further away from the spreading
zone while younger rocks will be
found nearer to the spreading zone.
20. • An example of an
oceanic ridge is
the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge. It is one
part of a system of
mid-oceanic ridges
that stretches for
50,000 miles
through the world's
oceans.