The document discusses key concepts in phonetics and phonology, including: 1. Phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds, while phonology examines how sounds function and are organized in a language. 2. Speech sounds are called phones in phonetics and phonemes in phonology. Phonemes represent abstract linguistic units that can distinguish meaning, while phones are concrete sound realizations that are in complementary distribution. 3. Phonetics also examines segmental features of individual sounds as well as suprasegmental features like pitch, length, and loudness that span larger units of speech. It has applications in language teaching, speech technology, and forensic investigations.

1. Unit 1 Language vs. speech Phonetics vs. phonology Speech sounds and segments Speech sounds or phones vs. phonemes Phonemes vs. allophones Segmental features vs. suprasegmental features Areas of phonetics Applications of phonetics and its relation to other fields I.P.A. Letters vs. sounds – Spelling vs. transcription Broad vs. narrow transcription / phonemic vs. phonetic transcription