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Union in peril
The document summarizes the increasing political and social divisions between the North and South in the decades leading up to the American Civil War from 1850-1860. Key issues like the expansion of slavery into new territories and the harsh fugitive slave laws exacerbated tensions. The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Dred Scott decision further polarized sections. Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 as the first Republican president prompted seven southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America, pushing the nation into civil war.
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Union in peril
- 1. CHAPTER 10: THE UNIONIN PERIL BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER THE CIVIL WAR 1850-1877
- 2. THE DIVISIVE POLITICSOF SLAVERY • Over the centuries, the Northern and Southern sections of the United States had developed into two very different cultural and economic regions • There were also differences in geography and climate, as well as religious differences
- 3. THE SOUTH BEFORETHE WAR • Rural plantation economy • Relied on slave labor • “Peculiar Institution” created tension • Southerners feared that the loss of slavery would mean lose of cultureFamily working the cotton field on a Plantation
- 4. THE NORTH BEFORETHE WAR• The North had a more diverse economy • Industry flourished • Openly opposed slavery in the South and the new territories • More urbanized than South BOSTON HARBOR
- 5. Wilmot Proviso Example ofSECTIONALISM in the country • Northern sponsored bill in 1846; David Wilmot, (D)PA • Stipulated that slavery be prohibited in any territory acquired from Mexico. CA.UT.NM • Passed House (Northern Majority); failed Senate. Was the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional? North View South View Northerners cite “elastic clause” Missouri Compromise gave Congress control over legislation regarding slavery in the territories. John Calhoun: slaves were property by the 5th amendment; property rights protected by could carry their slave anywhere. constitution; slaveholders
- 6. California Statehood • CaliforniaGold Rush • Population boom let CA skip territorial status and apply directly for statehood. • Slave State or Free State? • CA would upset the “Balance of Power” between the sections
- 7. Compromise of 1850 HenryClay Great Compromiser 1. California enters the union as a free state 2. In the rest of the Mexican cession territory “popular sovereignty” would decide. 3. $10 Million to Settle border dispute between TX & NM 4. End of the slave trade (not slavery) in Washington DC 5. Stronger Fugitive Slave Law.
- 8. History Alive USH8-5, Activity 2.1, Slide G
- 9. Fugitive Slave Act •Federal Crime to help runaway slaves • Officials could arrest runaways in areas where slavery banned. • Federal Marshalls could organize posses. • no trial by jury for fugitives • fugitives could not testify on their own behalf • fugitives returned to slavery on testimony of claimants • court-appointed commissioners paid $10 if rule for claimant; $5 if rule for fugitive • Hiding a runaway—6 months in jail and $1000 fine. Leads to the Underground RR—19 trips Harriet (Moses) Tubman
- 10. History Alive USH8-5, Activity 2.1, Slide H
- 11. Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811 - 1896So thisis the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln
- 12. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • Sold300,000 copies in the first year. • 2 million in a decade!
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- 21. John Brown: Madman,Hero or Martyr?
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- 23. Dred Scott decision(1857) • DS was taken from Mo. To Wi. (free terr.) • DS sued for his freedom U.S. Supreme Court: – Dominated by Southerners – Chief Justice Taney (South Carolina) • 1. DS cannot sue – not a citizen • 2. Residence in Wisconsin does not grant freedom – Still “property” • 3. Mo. Compromise unconstitutional • Reactions of North and South???
- 24. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates,1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
- 26. 1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union StephenA. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat
- 27. 1860 Election: ANation Coming Apart?!
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