After President Jackson, legislation and other events lead America closer to a Civil War. Texas is added to the Union as a slave state, California added as a free state, all putting off the inevitable war to come.
This presentation is of the sectional crises over states' rights and slavery's westward expansion that gave way to American Civil War. It is the fourth in a series of textbook/lecture substitutes designed for students in a college seminar on the Civil War and Reconstruction.
After President Jackson, legislation and other events lead America closer to a Civil War. Texas is added to the Union as a slave state, California added as a free state, all putting off the inevitable war to come.
This presentation is of the sectional crises over states' rights and slavery's westward expansion that gave way to American Civil War. It is the fourth in a series of textbook/lecture substitutes designed for students in a college seminar on the Civil War and Reconstruction.
This PowerPoint presentation is designed to review the timeline of events leading to the Civil War - specifically designed for high school students preparing for APUSH and the South Carolina End of Course (EOC) examination in US History.
Lincoln, War, and the Slaughter of the American Working Class.docxsmile790243
Lincoln, War, and the Slaughter of the American Working Class
The American Civil War 1861-1865
The American Civil War is still, without doubt, the most traumatic experience in American History. Far more so than the American Revolution, the World Wars, and 9/11.
New estimates put the number of soldier deaths at 750,000 or above. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/03/science/civil-war-toll-up-by-20-percent-in-new-estimate.html
This does not include the many civilian deaths through disease, starvation, heartbreak, etc.
About 22 million lived in the North and 9 million in the South at the time of the war. There was about a 3.5 to 2.5 ratio of deaths North to South, but this means that the South lost a greater percentage of its population.
About 36,000 African American soldiers were killed.
In the following slides, we’ll recount the seminal events leading up to the war.
2
We can go back to the very foundations of the United States when the Fugitive Slave Clause (Article 4, Section 2, Clause 3) and the 3/5th Clause (Article 1, Section 2. Par. 3) of the Constitution effectively legalized slavery without explicitly mentioning slavery.
Also, Amendment 10 “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” leaves the issue of slavery and other legal, commercial, and social matters up to the states.
Arguments and ill feelings regarding these issues began almost immediately, and tensions almost led to violence in 1820 when the Missouri Compromise staved off revolt and kept the balance between slave state and free state representation.
Texas independence from Mexico followed by its attempt to join the U.S. created tensions before and after the delayed admission in December of 1845, during the Polk Administration.
Polk’s (murderous?) manipulation of international politics led to massive gains in U.S. territory. He gave Mexico little chance to a avoid war that resulted in the loss of the that nations northern half, and he negotiated for the acquisition and consolidation of the Northwest, completing the U.S. march to the Pacific.
This created all kinds of problems for the slavery balance. The Wilmot Proviso, which might have solved the problem, though admittedly in the non-extentionist favor, was rejected. When California asked to join the Union as a free state, it engendered yet another crisis. Half of the state was below the Missouri Compromise line. There was a call in Congress to split California into one free and one slave state.
Then Clay (again) proposed a compromise that delayed secession, but may have ensured it at the same time.
Battle of San Jacinto
April 21, 1836
1845
O’Sullivan
Popularizes Term
Manifest Destiny
Clays Compromise 1850
California Enters Union as a Free State
Territories to Have No Restrictions on Slavery
Enforce Fugitive Slave Law
No Slaves in D.C.
Recall from the last presen ...
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. The New South
I. The Failure of Reconstruction
II. “Redemption”
A. Prologue: Mississippi
B. The Redeemers Seize Power
III. Prospects for African-Americans
IV. The Economic Landscape of the New South
A. The Sharecropping System
B. Southern Industry
The Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) retrenchment
Home Rule poll tax
Rutherford B. Hayes/Samuel Tilden Jourdan Anderson
Compromise of 1877 Exodusters
“Solid South” Benjamin “Pap” Singleton
Politics of the “Bloody Shirt” sharecropping
Colfax Massacre “King Cotton”
U. S. v. Cruikshank crop lien
Redeemers Henry Grady
2. The Failure of Reconstruction
1. Declining support in the North
a. Panic of 1873
b. Corruption of the Grant administration
c. Weariness
2. Legal challenges (Slaughterhouse, etc.)
3. Hostility from the white South
3. The Slaughterhouse Cases (1873)
- Origins: meatpackers in
Louisiana challenge a monopoly
granted to a New Orleans
slaughterhouse
-USSC upholds monopoly, saying
that 13th and 14th Amendments
focused upon the freedom of “the
slave race”
Impact
1. Narrows the scope of the 14th Amendment’s protections
2. Most of citizens’ rights remained under the control of state, not
fed’l, governments
9. The “Redeemers”
- White supremacists
- Goals
1. dismantle the Reconstruction state
2. reduce the political power of blacks
3. reshape South’s legal system in interest of labor
control/racial subordination
- The Redeemer Governments:
Low taxes
Fiscal retrenchment:
“Spend nothing unless absolutely necessary.”
10. How do the “Redeemers” maintain
power after Reconstruction?
Political shenanigans
- Electoral fraud
- Poll taxes
- Registration laws
- “Grandfather clauses”
Changes in criminal laws
- Vagrancy and “anti-enticement” laws
- Sharpened penalties for petty thef
- Expansion of convict labor system
Reforming “local” government
Gerrymandering: redrawing political districts
* Violence
11. United States v. Cruikshank (1876)
- The U. S. Supreme Court overturns the only three federal
convictions that had resulted from Colfax Massacre.
- The Court found that the 14th Amendment only empowered
the federal government to stop violations of citizens’ rights
by the states
- The 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection/Due Process rights
did not apply to the actions of individuals
- Provides a virtual green light to acts of terror in areas where
local officials could/would not prosecute such acts.
12. The Prospect for African-Americans
Thwarted in efforts to participate in public life, where do
African-Americans look?
- Opportunities for advancement
Education
Church
Business
- Migration?
Abroad? Liberia
The West? Exodusters
13.
14. Above: African-American migrants await a
steamboat for passage to points west and,
eventually, Kansas.
Left: Benjamin “Pap” Singleton,
organizer of the Exoduster migration to Kansas
16. The Sharecropping System
Defined: a labor system in which tenant farmers (black and white)
worked small plots of land for property’s owners (whites),
producing cash crops (namely cotton)
- at end of the year, tenants paid their rent with share of that
season’s crop
Compromise:
1. owners’ desire for control and reliable/powerless
labor supply
2. tenants’ desire for land and some measure of independence
Why cotton?
A cash-poor society
Many advantages
