This presentation by David Sylvester of the Mircom Group of Companies discusses visible signaling devices in fire alarm systems. It walks through industry definitions, the physics of strobe lights, building code requirements, design best practices and Mircom's solutions for difficult environments.
A lightning arrester, also known as a lightning conductor, is a device used to protect electrical power systems and telecommunications systems from damage caused by lightning strikes. It has a high voltage terminal connected to the power line and a ground terminal. When a lightning surge travels along the power line, the arrester diverts the current through itself to ground, usually by means of an arc across an air gap. Common types of lightning arresters include rod arresters, horn gap arresters, multi gap arresters, and various types using silicon carbide or metal oxide components. A horn gap arrester consists of two horn-shaped metal rods separated by a small air gap, connected to the power line through a resistance and choke coil to
Why red band is preferred over blue in dwdmMapYourTech
The red band in DWDM systems is preferred over the blue band because the red band wavelengths correspond to the useful gain region of the lowest cost EDFAs, meaning systems using red band wavelengths have the lowest overall system cost when only a limited number of DWDM channels are required.
This document summarizes key requirements from Chapter 53-56 of the 17th Edition IEE Wiring Regulations relating to electrical installation protection, isolation, switching, control, monitoring and earthing. It covers requirements for devices like RCDs, overcurrent protection, isolation and switching, as well as earthing arrangements, protective conductors and equipotential bonding. Key topics include selection of protective device ratings, coordination of protection, emergency switching, isolation requirements and earthing of circuits with high leakage currents.
Manual dos amplificadores Warwick WA300 600 BC300 (PORTUGUÊS)Habro Group
1) O documento é um manual de usuário para amplificadores de baixo Warwick que descreve suas especificações técnicas, controles e recursos de segurança.
2) Os amplificadores possuem circuitos Class-A e de baixa impedância para um som potente e limpo, além de um limitador dinâmico que mantém a distorção abaixo de 0,3%.
3) O manual fornece instruções de segurança detalhadas e informa que os amplificadores possuem circuitos de proteção contra curto-circuito, DC, superaquecimento e osc
Premier Filters offering an array of customize EMI Filters. MIL-STD-461 is one of them. In this slide, we have highlighted MIL-STD-461 testing, uses and more.
This document provides information on Siemens medium-voltage gas-insulated arc-resistant switchgear. It discusses the switchgear's increased safety, reliability, and flexibility features. The document includes technical specifications, diagrams, and benefits such as its compact design, high personnel safety, minimized fire load, and maintenance-free components due to its SF6 gas insulation. It also describes innovative features like its video camera system for viewing the selector switch position and capacitive voltage indicators.
- Electrical earthing provides a safe path for lightning and fault currents to protect humans and equipment.
- There are different types of earthing for different applications like LV systems, lighting, telecoms, and computers.
- Earthing can provide either Class I or Class II protection against electric shock.
- Factors that affect earth impedance include soil type and moisture, weather, electrode type and size, nearby utilities, and distance between electrodes.
- Common earthing arrangements include TN, TT, and IT systems. Measurement methods like Wenner and Schlumberger are used to determine soil resistivity which impacts earth impedance.
The document provides information about cable tray systems, including:
- The six main types of cable trays: ladder, solid bottom, trough, channel, wire mesh, and single rail.
- The materials cable trays can be made from, including steel, aluminum, and fiber reinforced plastic.
- The steps for installing cable trays, which include marking, cutting, drilling holes, installing supports, and fixing fittings and accessories.
- Common tools used for cable tray installation like saws, drills, wrenches, and levels.
The document is a training manual that outlines cable tray types, materials, and installation procedures.
A lightning arrester, also known as a lightning conductor, is a device used to protect electrical power systems and telecommunications systems from damage caused by lightning strikes. It has a high voltage terminal connected to the power line and a ground terminal. When a lightning surge travels along the power line, the arrester diverts the current through itself to ground, usually by means of an arc across an air gap. Common types of lightning arresters include rod arresters, horn gap arresters, multi gap arresters, and various types using silicon carbide or metal oxide components. A horn gap arrester consists of two horn-shaped metal rods separated by a small air gap, connected to the power line through a resistance and choke coil to
Why red band is preferred over blue in dwdmMapYourTech
The red band in DWDM systems is preferred over the blue band because the red band wavelengths correspond to the useful gain region of the lowest cost EDFAs, meaning systems using red band wavelengths have the lowest overall system cost when only a limited number of DWDM channels are required.
This document summarizes key requirements from Chapter 53-56 of the 17th Edition IEE Wiring Regulations relating to electrical installation protection, isolation, switching, control, monitoring and earthing. It covers requirements for devices like RCDs, overcurrent protection, isolation and switching, as well as earthing arrangements, protective conductors and equipotential bonding. Key topics include selection of protective device ratings, coordination of protection, emergency switching, isolation requirements and earthing of circuits with high leakage currents.
Manual dos amplificadores Warwick WA300 600 BC300 (PORTUGUÊS)Habro Group
1) O documento é um manual de usuário para amplificadores de baixo Warwick que descreve suas especificações técnicas, controles e recursos de segurança.
2) Os amplificadores possuem circuitos Class-A e de baixa impedância para um som potente e limpo, além de um limitador dinâmico que mantém a distorção abaixo de 0,3%.
3) O manual fornece instruções de segurança detalhadas e informa que os amplificadores possuem circuitos de proteção contra curto-circuito, DC, superaquecimento e osc
Premier Filters offering an array of customize EMI Filters. MIL-STD-461 is one of them. In this slide, we have highlighted MIL-STD-461 testing, uses and more.
This document provides information on Siemens medium-voltage gas-insulated arc-resistant switchgear. It discusses the switchgear's increased safety, reliability, and flexibility features. The document includes technical specifications, diagrams, and benefits such as its compact design, high personnel safety, minimized fire load, and maintenance-free components due to its SF6 gas insulation. It also describes innovative features like its video camera system for viewing the selector switch position and capacitive voltage indicators.
- Electrical earthing provides a safe path for lightning and fault currents to protect humans and equipment.
- There are different types of earthing for different applications like LV systems, lighting, telecoms, and computers.
- Earthing can provide either Class I or Class II protection against electric shock.
- Factors that affect earth impedance include soil type and moisture, weather, electrode type and size, nearby utilities, and distance between electrodes.
- Common earthing arrangements include TN, TT, and IT systems. Measurement methods like Wenner and Schlumberger are used to determine soil resistivity which impacts earth impedance.
The document provides information about cable tray systems, including:
- The six main types of cable trays: ladder, solid bottom, trough, channel, wire mesh, and single rail.
- The materials cable trays can be made from, including steel, aluminum, and fiber reinforced plastic.
- The steps for installing cable trays, which include marking, cutting, drilling holes, installing supports, and fixing fittings and accessories.
- Common tools used for cable tray installation like saws, drills, wrenches, and levels.
The document is a training manual that outlines cable tray types, materials, and installation procedures.
This document provides information on underground cables, including their construction, classification, insulating materials, and types. It discusses how underground cables consist of conductors covered with insulating material and a protective covering to reduce interference from external disturbances. The general construction of a 3-conductor cable is described, including its cores or conductors, insulation, metallic sheath, bedding, armouring, and serving. Various types of cables are classified based on voltage levels. Key properties and examples of insulating materials used in cables are also outlined, along with the advantages and disadvantages of underground cables compared to overhead systems.
This document summarizes Bernd Siedelhofer's presentation on IEC 60364-4, which provides requirements for protection in low-voltage electrical installations. The presentation covered the structure of IEC 60364-4 and its parts on protection against electric shock, thermal effects, overcurrent, and voltage disturbances. It also discussed the relationship between the IEC standards and their equivalents under German standards, including DIN VDE 0100.
ESE Type Lightning Arretor NFC17-102(2011) Presentation by JMV LPS LTDMahesh Chandra Manav
The document discusses the French Standard NFC 17-102 for Early Streamer Emission (ESE) lightning protection systems from September 2011. It highlights how the standard harmonizes with other European standards like EN 62305 and EN 50164 for lightning protection. The standard includes stress tests and type tests to ensure the proper functioning of ESE lightning rods. It provides requirements for ESE lightning protection components and systems to ensure quality and performance.
Metal enclosed busduct is an assembly of busbars enclosed within a metal enclosure. It is classified as non-segregated, phase segregated, or isolated phase based on insulation between phases. It is commonly used to connect generators, transformers, and switchgear. Aluminum is a popular material for the busbars and enclosure due to its light weight, corrosion resistance, and lower cost compared to copper. The busduct is selected based on voltage rating, current carrying capacity, short circuit withstand, temperature rise, and insulation requirements.
E cap 3- previsão de cargas da instalação elétricaAndré Felipe
O documento discute a previsão de cargas elétricas em instalações de acordo com a norma NBR 5410, fornecendo exemplos de estimativas preliminares, quadros de previsão de cargas e cargas especiais em áreas comerciais.
The document provides an overview of fire alarm systems, including their components and wiring styles. It discusses the main purpose of fire alarm systems to detect fires and notify occupants. The key components include the fire alarm control panel, initiating devices like detectors and manual pull stations, and notification appliances like horns, bells and strobes. It describes the National Fire Protection Association circuit classifications and wiring styles for initiating device circuits and notification appliance circuits.
Manual do inversor de frequência danfossClaudio Arkan
Este documento fornece instruções de segurança e instalação para o VLT Micro Drive. Ele alerta sobre os perigos da alta tensão e fornece diretrizes para evitar choques elétricos e partidas acidentais. Também inclui especificações técnicas, como dimensões mecânicas, capacidade de corrente e aterramento.
This document provides an overview of optical DWDM fundamentals, including:
- Key terminology used in optical networks such as decibels, wavelength, frequency, and fiber impairments.
- Characteristics of optical fiber including different fiber types, fiber dimensions, and how light propagates through total internal reflection.
- Factors that reduce optical power over distance, specifically attenuation from absorption and scattering in the fiber material.
This document discusses various busbar arrangements used in substations including:
- Single busbar system
- Single bus with sectionaliser system
- Double busbar system
- One and half breaker system
It provides diagrams and explanations of how each system works, their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses the different busbar configurations adopted by the Andhra Pradesh Transmission Corporation (APTRANSCO) at various voltage levels.
2 E Estruturas BáSicas Rede Tradicional 16 11 2005Santos de Castro
Este documento descreve diferentes estruturas de postes para linhas de transmissão, incluindo estruturas básicas, especiais e primárias. As estruturas variam de acordo com o ângulo da linha, bitola dos cabos e outros fatores, e incluem instruções sobre como fixar os cabos e a posição dos isoladores.
As the AIS (Air-Insulated Substation) is having more limitations, More and more people are going for the Gas-Insulated Substation which is environment friendly as well.
In these presentation, We discussed about theoritical and technological advancement and advantages related to GIS as compared to other substations.
We discussed different parts of the GIS as well as their operations and advantages.
By going through this presentation, you will have idea regarding comparative advantages and disadvantages of both substations.
Raychem KIT STOCKIST | AKBAR TRADING EST | mail@akbartrading.comAKBAR TRADING
This document provides a list of cable termination and jointing kits from Raychem/TE-TYCO with their material numbers, descriptions, and available stock quantities. There are over 70 different kits listed ranging from indoor and outdoor cable terminations of various voltages, core configurations and cable sizes to inline and straight cable joints. The available quantities range from 0 to 496 kits for each item listed.
The document discusses ABB's electrification products price list and ABB Ability electrical distribution control system. ABB Ability is an innovative cloud platform that monitors, optimizes, predicts and controls electrical systems. It collects relevant data from ABB devices via embedded or external communication modules to provide real-time analysis, energy efficiency insights, and maintenance benefits. The price list covers ABB's comprehensive range of low and medium voltage solutions including circuit breakers, contactors, overload relays, and enclosures.
The document introduces feedthrough capacitors and filters, which are used to filter electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference. It defines these components, discusses common sources of EMI/RFI, and emissions standards. The document then reviews the benefits of feedthrough capacitors and filters for filtering noise at high frequencies above 1GHz. It provides examples of applications and guidance for proper installation.
The document describes a retrofit solution for replacing aging gas-insulated switchgear circuit breakers with a new self-compression circuit breaker model. The retrofit involves installing two adapters to connect the new three-phase circuit breaker to the existing single-phase gas insulated switchgear sections. The retrofit solution lowers maintenance costs and brings the switchgear up to the latest technical standards, while allowing the other components of the gas insulated switchgear to remain in service for their full lifespan. Detailed diagrams and steps are provided to illustrate the retrofit process and components.
This document outlines the optimal 4-step process for designing lightning protection systems using Sparkta software: 1) physical modeling of the structure, 2) initial risk assessment to identify critical risks, 3) choosing protection measures like adding air terminals to reduce risks, and 4) calculating risks. An example application to an industrial facility is provided, with physical modeling of the buildings, simulation of lightning strikes, and iterative addition of air terminals until risk components are below tolerable limits. The final design and risk assessment using NFPA 780 formulas is presented.
This document provides an overview of UTP installation, including rough-in procedures and specifications. It discusses items needed for rough-in like plans, materials lists, and tools. Installation specifications cover standards, placement of raceways and cables, labeling, and testing. Diagrams show outlet types, rack layouts, and bends and clearances. Performance parameters like attenuation, crosstalk, and length are also summarized.
http://www.cabledrumtrailer.com - Cable drum trailers manufacturer from Turkey. Cable Reel Romorks, Reel Trailer for energy drum cables. For more information. Easy to use for highway road customizeble drum lifting&carrying systems. www.cabledrumtrailer.com Email: info@cabledrumtrailer.com
How Earthing works. What is earthing all in one for students and others? Types of Earthing. description that is needed. You can get to know how important Earthing is.
1. The document discusses various types of equipment and accessories used in power transmission systems including transmission lines, conductors, insulators, busbars, isolators, cross-arms, lightning arrestors, circuit breakers, and transformers.
2. It classifies transmission lines based on length and voltage into short, medium, and long lines and describes common types of line supports including wooden poles, steel poles, RCC poles, and lattice steel towers.
3. The document provides details on conductors such as ACSR and AAAC, insulator types including pin, suspension, and strain, and circuit breaker types such as oil, air blast, SF6, and vacuum.
The document discusses FTTx and triple play integration using copper and fiber access networks. It describes an Ethernet point-to-point network using an active star topology with unlimited modems and distances up to 120km. The network provides low latency, 10Gbps maximum data rates per segment, and 95% efficiency. Compared to EPON, the P2P Ethernet network allows unlimited users per segment, longer distances, higher data rates, and greater efficiency and reliability. The document also outlines applications like IPTV, VoIP and video conferencing that drive bandwidth needs, and how a scalable network architecture using optical modems and switches can meet these needs.
This document provides information on underground cables, including their construction, classification, insulating materials, and types. It discusses how underground cables consist of conductors covered with insulating material and a protective covering to reduce interference from external disturbances. The general construction of a 3-conductor cable is described, including its cores or conductors, insulation, metallic sheath, bedding, armouring, and serving. Various types of cables are classified based on voltage levels. Key properties and examples of insulating materials used in cables are also outlined, along with the advantages and disadvantages of underground cables compared to overhead systems.
This document summarizes Bernd Siedelhofer's presentation on IEC 60364-4, which provides requirements for protection in low-voltage electrical installations. The presentation covered the structure of IEC 60364-4 and its parts on protection against electric shock, thermal effects, overcurrent, and voltage disturbances. It also discussed the relationship between the IEC standards and their equivalents under German standards, including DIN VDE 0100.
ESE Type Lightning Arretor NFC17-102(2011) Presentation by JMV LPS LTDMahesh Chandra Manav
The document discusses the French Standard NFC 17-102 for Early Streamer Emission (ESE) lightning protection systems from September 2011. It highlights how the standard harmonizes with other European standards like EN 62305 and EN 50164 for lightning protection. The standard includes stress tests and type tests to ensure the proper functioning of ESE lightning rods. It provides requirements for ESE lightning protection components and systems to ensure quality and performance.
Metal enclosed busduct is an assembly of busbars enclosed within a metal enclosure. It is classified as non-segregated, phase segregated, or isolated phase based on insulation between phases. It is commonly used to connect generators, transformers, and switchgear. Aluminum is a popular material for the busbars and enclosure due to its light weight, corrosion resistance, and lower cost compared to copper. The busduct is selected based on voltage rating, current carrying capacity, short circuit withstand, temperature rise, and insulation requirements.
E cap 3- previsão de cargas da instalação elétricaAndré Felipe
O documento discute a previsão de cargas elétricas em instalações de acordo com a norma NBR 5410, fornecendo exemplos de estimativas preliminares, quadros de previsão de cargas e cargas especiais em áreas comerciais.
The document provides an overview of fire alarm systems, including their components and wiring styles. It discusses the main purpose of fire alarm systems to detect fires and notify occupants. The key components include the fire alarm control panel, initiating devices like detectors and manual pull stations, and notification appliances like horns, bells and strobes. It describes the National Fire Protection Association circuit classifications and wiring styles for initiating device circuits and notification appliance circuits.
Manual do inversor de frequência danfossClaudio Arkan
Este documento fornece instruções de segurança e instalação para o VLT Micro Drive. Ele alerta sobre os perigos da alta tensão e fornece diretrizes para evitar choques elétricos e partidas acidentais. Também inclui especificações técnicas, como dimensões mecânicas, capacidade de corrente e aterramento.
This document provides an overview of optical DWDM fundamentals, including:
- Key terminology used in optical networks such as decibels, wavelength, frequency, and fiber impairments.
- Characteristics of optical fiber including different fiber types, fiber dimensions, and how light propagates through total internal reflection.
- Factors that reduce optical power over distance, specifically attenuation from absorption and scattering in the fiber material.
This document discusses various busbar arrangements used in substations including:
- Single busbar system
- Single bus with sectionaliser system
- Double busbar system
- One and half breaker system
It provides diagrams and explanations of how each system works, their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses the different busbar configurations adopted by the Andhra Pradesh Transmission Corporation (APTRANSCO) at various voltage levels.
2 E Estruturas BáSicas Rede Tradicional 16 11 2005Santos de Castro
Este documento descreve diferentes estruturas de postes para linhas de transmissão, incluindo estruturas básicas, especiais e primárias. As estruturas variam de acordo com o ângulo da linha, bitola dos cabos e outros fatores, e incluem instruções sobre como fixar os cabos e a posição dos isoladores.
As the AIS (Air-Insulated Substation) is having more limitations, More and more people are going for the Gas-Insulated Substation which is environment friendly as well.
In these presentation, We discussed about theoritical and technological advancement and advantages related to GIS as compared to other substations.
We discussed different parts of the GIS as well as their operations and advantages.
By going through this presentation, you will have idea regarding comparative advantages and disadvantages of both substations.
Raychem KIT STOCKIST | AKBAR TRADING EST | mail@akbartrading.comAKBAR TRADING
This document provides a list of cable termination and jointing kits from Raychem/TE-TYCO with their material numbers, descriptions, and available stock quantities. There are over 70 different kits listed ranging from indoor and outdoor cable terminations of various voltages, core configurations and cable sizes to inline and straight cable joints. The available quantities range from 0 to 496 kits for each item listed.
The document discusses ABB's electrification products price list and ABB Ability electrical distribution control system. ABB Ability is an innovative cloud platform that monitors, optimizes, predicts and controls electrical systems. It collects relevant data from ABB devices via embedded or external communication modules to provide real-time analysis, energy efficiency insights, and maintenance benefits. The price list covers ABB's comprehensive range of low and medium voltage solutions including circuit breakers, contactors, overload relays, and enclosures.
The document introduces feedthrough capacitors and filters, which are used to filter electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference. It defines these components, discusses common sources of EMI/RFI, and emissions standards. The document then reviews the benefits of feedthrough capacitors and filters for filtering noise at high frequencies above 1GHz. It provides examples of applications and guidance for proper installation.
The document describes a retrofit solution for replacing aging gas-insulated switchgear circuit breakers with a new self-compression circuit breaker model. The retrofit involves installing two adapters to connect the new three-phase circuit breaker to the existing single-phase gas insulated switchgear sections. The retrofit solution lowers maintenance costs and brings the switchgear up to the latest technical standards, while allowing the other components of the gas insulated switchgear to remain in service for their full lifespan. Detailed diagrams and steps are provided to illustrate the retrofit process and components.
This document outlines the optimal 4-step process for designing lightning protection systems using Sparkta software: 1) physical modeling of the structure, 2) initial risk assessment to identify critical risks, 3) choosing protection measures like adding air terminals to reduce risks, and 4) calculating risks. An example application to an industrial facility is provided, with physical modeling of the buildings, simulation of lightning strikes, and iterative addition of air terminals until risk components are below tolerable limits. The final design and risk assessment using NFPA 780 formulas is presented.
This document provides an overview of UTP installation, including rough-in procedures and specifications. It discusses items needed for rough-in like plans, materials lists, and tools. Installation specifications cover standards, placement of raceways and cables, labeling, and testing. Diagrams show outlet types, rack layouts, and bends and clearances. Performance parameters like attenuation, crosstalk, and length are also summarized.
http://www.cabledrumtrailer.com - Cable drum trailers manufacturer from Turkey. Cable Reel Romorks, Reel Trailer for energy drum cables. For more information. Easy to use for highway road customizeble drum lifting&carrying systems. www.cabledrumtrailer.com Email: info@cabledrumtrailer.com
How Earthing works. What is earthing all in one for students and others? Types of Earthing. description that is needed. You can get to know how important Earthing is.
1. The document discusses various types of equipment and accessories used in power transmission systems including transmission lines, conductors, insulators, busbars, isolators, cross-arms, lightning arrestors, circuit breakers, and transformers.
2. It classifies transmission lines based on length and voltage into short, medium, and long lines and describes common types of line supports including wooden poles, steel poles, RCC poles, and lattice steel towers.
3. The document provides details on conductors such as ACSR and AAAC, insulator types including pin, suspension, and strain, and circuit breaker types such as oil, air blast, SF6, and vacuum.
The document discusses FTTx and triple play integration using copper and fiber access networks. It describes an Ethernet point-to-point network using an active star topology with unlimited modems and distances up to 120km. The network provides low latency, 10Gbps maximum data rates per segment, and 95% efficiency. Compared to EPON, the P2P Ethernet network allows unlimited users per segment, longer distances, higher data rates, and greater efficiency and reliability. The document also outlines applications like IPTV, VoIP and video conferencing that drive bandwidth needs, and how a scalable network architecture using optical modems and switches can meet these needs.
A step by step introduction to Cohort Analysis using Google Sheets.
Explaining how to use the =SUMIFS formula as well as various tips on presenting data.
For more Analytics help, check out GoSquared.com.
By Hugh Hopkins - Manager of Business Development at GoSquared.
Samsung Techwin | Business sales vertical solution railwayAndriy Dudko
This document summarizes Techwin's on-board solution for railway and transportation security. It provides real-time vehicle tracking, remote monitoring via 3G/LTE networks, manual or automatic backup capabilities, and fleet management. It describes the system architecture and components including on-board recorders, network cameras, cellular network gateways, and monitoring software. Example scenarios are outlined for vehicle tracking, remote monitoring, fleet management, offline backup, and online backup. Relevant mobile products are also described such as recorders, network cameras, and recommended 3rd party network devices.
Émilie, 17 ans, est décédée le 22 janvier après s’être défenestrée. Pour les parents, ce suicide est lié à du harcèlement scolaire remontant à ses années au collège privé Notre-Dame de la Paix, à Lille. Dans un poignant journal intime, l’adolescente a décrit son calvaire.
Samsung's security solutions are based on cutting-edge technologies developed from its experience in semiconductor manufacturing, defense, and other industries. The presentation introduces Samsung's network video solutions, including IP cameras offering features like high resolution, wide dynamic range, and video analytics. It also covers Samsung's analog cameras, video recorders, monitors, and other system components. The document emphasizes that Samsung provides total security solutions tailored to user needs in various industries and environments.
geographyalltheway.com - IB Geography - Global Interactions: KOF Index of Glo...Richard Allaway
The KOF Index of Globalization is an index published by the Swiss Economic Institute that measures the economic, social, and political dimensions of globalization for over 200 countries annually since 1970. It defines globalization as networks connecting actors across continental distances through flows of people, ideas, goods, and capital. The index scores countries on a scale from 0-100 based on economic, political, and social globalization indicators like trade, capital flows, embassy presence, and cultural exchanges.
O instrutor usa uma metáfora de uma jarra cheia de pedras, areia e água para ensinar sobre gerenciamento de tempo. Ele mostra que é importante priorizar as tarefas maiores primeiro para garantir que o tempo seja bem usado. No final, ele explica que as pedras grandes representam as tarefas importantes que devem ser feitas primeiro antes de se ocupar com itens menores.
This presentation by David Sylvester of the Mircom Group of Companies discusses a number of emergency new technologies in the fire protection and life safety industries including: fire alarm systems, smoke alarm, smoke detection, flame detection and mass notification.
Batteries have improved over generations but still need larger capacities to power more advanced devices. Future batteries may be 2000x more powerful or integrate solar cells. Smart batteries can communicate and share power based on priority rules. For example, a headphone may borrow power from a phone if low. Context is also important - a phone has highest priority for GPS on a jog but lower priority at work. Public charging stations may prioritize subscribers or low battery devices. The document discusses battery history and trends, the concept of smart batteries that can communicate and share power, and examples of how priority rules and context could determine charging order between connected devices.
The document is a collection of interesting marketing charts compiled by Rauf Akram and published on his wordpress blog. It contains 37 pages of charts covering various marketing topics with all content copyrighted by Alcatel-Lucent.
LTE TDD is a global standard for using unpaired spectrum for 4G networks. It has inherent interworking with LTE FDD networks and seamless integration with 3G networks. LTE TDD will be key to accessing higher spectrum bands above 3GHz and enabling technologies like carrier aggregation. It shares the same technology ecosystem and products as LTE FDD, including common chipsets, infrastructure and devices.
1. The Triax TSS400 is a device that converts satellite TV signals to IP streams, allowing satellite channels to be viewed on smartphones, tablets, and other devices connected to the home network.
2. It has 4 tuners that receive signals from a quad or quattro LNB, and its web interface allows for configuring settings like network information, software updates, and LNB settings.
3. Mobile apps are available to view live TV, recordings, and guide information from the TSS400 over WiFi, with features like timeshifting and downloading updated channel lists.
Metis by Mircom presentation 2016 08 16Howard Ryan
The document discusses Metis by Mircom, an emergency communications system that integrates hardware and software for two-way communication. It allows users to receive help calls and alerts from indoor/outdoor stations and sensors, and send emergency alerts to phones, displays, and speakers. The system provides centralized command and control and can automate communications for faster emergency response. It is used across various industries and facility types.
1. A spectrophotometer measures the amount of light absorbed by a sample as a function of wavelength. It was invented in 1940 and works based on Beer's law which relates absorbance to analyte concentration, path length, and absorptivity.
2. It consists of a light source, wavelength selector such as a monochromator containing a grating or prism, sample container, detector, and display. Common light sources are tungsten lamps and deuterium arc lamps. Samples are held in plastic, glass, or quartz cuvettes.
3. Spectrophotometers can be single beam, double beam, or split beam. Double beam spectrophotometers compare sample and reference
OTDR(OPTICAL TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETER)Shail Mishra
OTDR, OPTICAL TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETER, How to calculate link budget, Basic of Wavelength, FTTH Network, Working Principle of OTDR, OTDR BASIC PARAMETER.
● GaP detector for blue light radiation in TO5 housing
● detection of incoherent blue light according to guideline 2006/25/EG
● 0 … 5 V voltage output, peak wavelength at 445 nm
● max. radiation (saturation limit) at peak is 43 μW/cm2, minimum radiation (resolution limit) is 4.2 nW/cm2
● Applications: measurement of very low blue light irradiation, occupational safety
Model Number: TOCON-BLUE4 from: isweek.com
An optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer has been designed and fabricated for high-temperature sensing under radiation. The interferometer consists of a sapphire wafer and silica fiber that can withstand temperatures over 800°C. It achieves high sensitivity of 29.9 pm/°C at 1340nm when heated to 800°C. This sensor has potential for applications in strong radiation and high heat environments.
This document discusses ITRI's smart antenna and self-organizing network (SON) solution for indoor small cell deployments. It provides an overview of ITRI's SON system that computes transmission power and beam patterns to optimize coverage and interference avoidance. Example use cases are described for smart antennas in office cubicles and corridors. Test results show smart antennas can improve signal quality over omnidirectional antennas in line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight conditions. The document also discusses how ITRI-SON combined with smart antenna beam pattern adjustment can automatically manage interference.
This modular hardware and software is unique in the world and has world leading specifications and software development for false positive minimization and maximum flexibility for specific in-situ customer needs.
The systems can be for above ground and buried pipelines, with sensitivity and performance appropriate for each type or combined above and below ground installations.
In-building Solution (IBS) / Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
Small Cell Coverage within building premises
Signal is restricted inside the building
Antenna installed inside the building
Low Transmit Power of Antenna
Smaller Antenna size
This document discusses interfacing an ultrasonic rangefinder module with an AVR microcontroller. It begins by describing the limitations of basic infrared obstacle sensors, such as not being able to measure accurate distances. Ultrasonic rangefinder modules are introduced as a better solution, being able to measure distances from 1cm to 400cm with 1cm accuracy. The document then discusses the characteristics and advantages of ultrasonic sensors, how they interface with microcontrollers, and provides an overview of the hardware that will be used to build a test circuit around an ATmega32 microcontroller and LCD display.
The InnovairFlex D2 2-wire photoelectric duct smoke detector has a pivoting housing that fits both square and rectangular ducts. It senses airflow from 100-4,000 feet per minute and has improved resistance to false alarms. The detector's modular design simplifies installation and maintenance in harsh duct environments. Accessories include remote test stations and annunciators for flexible system integration.
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It includes installation qualification , design qualification, operational qualification, performance qualification.
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2. 1. Definitions & Industry Trends
2. Physics of Visible Appliances
3. Visible Appliances Building Code Requirements
4. "Strobe” Layout Design Practices
5. Mircom Solutions for Difficult Environments
3. 1. Definitions & Industry Trends
A visible signal device which utilizes high intensity flashing
light to notify occupants of a building on the activation of the
fire alarm system.
4. NEEDS
“In Canada, the number of seniors aged 65 and
over increased 14.1% between 2006 and 2011
to nearly 5 million”
“According to a new Census Bureau
report, there were 40.3 million people age 65
and older on April 1, 2010, up 5.3 percent from
35 million in 2000”
6. 2. Physics of Visible Appliances
Candlepower is an obsolete scientific unit of luminous intensity
based on the light emitted from a candle made to a specific
formula
The candlepower as a scientific measure was replaced in 1948 by
the international unit (SI) known as the candela
Measures only the “PEAK”
• Candlepower and Candela have an equal ratio 1:1
INTENSITY
• Peak candlepower measures only the peak
PEAK
AREA
100 200 300 400 500
TIME IN MICROSECONDS
7. Effective candela rating is calculated by the total area under the light
intensity curve and includes all of its light energy
INTENSITY
Light
CANDELA
Intensity
Curve
100 200 300 400 500
TIME IN MICROSECONDS
8. • Measures the intensity in candela and the distance from the
light source
• This is called illumination and can be calculated by the following
formula
INTENSITY OF LIGHT DIVIDED BY THE DISTANCE SQUARED
SOURCE
9. 1. Peak Candlepower measures only the peak and looks at the
performance over a short period of time.
2. Effective Candela measures the total light energy, but does
not take into consideration the distance from the light source.
3. Illumination (Lumens or Foot-Candles) takes both factors
into consideration by measuring the power of the light and the
distance from the light source.
10. 3. Visible Appliances Building Code Requirements
NFPA 101 & NBCC require strobes in the following areas…..
•Where Ambient Sound Levels Exceed 87dB
(Noisy manufacturing plants or diesel generator areas)
•Where ear protection is worn
11. 3. Visible Appliances Building Code Requirements
NBCC & NFPA 101 require strobes in the following areas…..
•Sound insulated or audiometric booths
(Recording Studios or Sound Testing Rooms)
•Entertainment areas where sound levels may exceed 100dB
(Night Clubs & Concert Halls)
12. 3. Visible Appliances Building Code Requirements
NFPA 101 & NBCC require strobes in the following areas…..
•Building or portions of a building for persons with hearing impairment
•Minimum 10% of Hotel Rooms
13. 3. Visible Appliances Building Code Requirements
Installation of strobes in public corridors for
B Occupancy (Health Care) A Occupancy (Assembly
Strobes permitted in lieu of audible Areas)
signals in compartments including Strobes are required in
operating rooms and recovery corridors used by the
areas such as ICU and CCU public, and also floor areas
where public may congregate
14. 3. Visible Appliances Building Code Requirements
Installation of strobes in public corridors for
D Occupancy (Office) E Occupancy (Mercantile)
15. 3. Visible Appliances Building Code Requirements
OBC Not Required
•In classrooms •In care occupancy for up to 10
(A Occupancy) persons (B Occupancies)
•3.2.4.18.(6) (a) •3.2.4.18.(6) (b)
19. 39.2 meter corridor
4.6 m 4.6 m
30 m
Corridor Length (m) Minimum # of 15
Minimum 2 (15 Candela) Strobe
6m less in width Candela Strobes for corridor installations
0-9 1
Additional strobes placed not
10 - 40 2
more than 30m apart
41 – 70 3
71 – 100 4
Strobe must be located no
101 - 130 5 more than 4.6m from end of
131 - 160 6 corridor
20. 20.4m
4.6 20.4m
50 meter corridor
4.6 m 4.6 m
40.8m
Corridor Length (m) Minimum # of 15 Candela
Minimum 3 (15 Candela) Strobe
6m less in width Strobes for corridor installations
0-9 1
10 - 40 2 Additional strobes placed not
41 – 70 3 more than 30m apart
71 – 100 4
101 - 130 5
Strobe must be located no
more than 4.6m from end of
131 - 160 6
corridor
21. 38m
4.6 22m
4.6m
4.6m
4.6m
5.4.5.14 Where there is an interruption
of the concentrated viewing path, such 4.6m
as a fire door, an elevation change, or
any other obstruction, the area shall be 22m
treated as a separate corridor. Minimum 2 (15 Candela) Strobe for
corridor installations per corridors
Corridor Length Minimum # of 15
(m) Candela Strobes
6m less in width Strobe must be located no more
0-9 1 than 4.6m from end of corridor
10 - 40 2
41 – 70 3
71 – 100 4
101 - 130 5
131 - 160 6
23. 5.4.5.3 Wall-mounted visible signal
devices shall be installed such that the
entire lens is not less than 2000 mm
and not more than 2400 mm above
the finished floor.
Mircom offers FS-340 (“Potter”) and the “System Sensor” models
for wall mounted applications
24. LIGHT OUTPUT FOR WALL-MOUNTED VISIBLE SIGNAL DEVICES FOR VARIOUS ROOM SIZES
Maximum Area 1 Strobe per area 2 Strobes per area 4 Strobes per area
Coverage in (m)
6.10 X 6.10 15 N/A N/A
8.53 X 8.53 30 15 N/A
9.14 X 9.14 34 15 N/A
12.2 X 12.2 60 30 15
13.7 X 13.7 75 60 30
15.2 X 15.2 94 60 30
16.5 X 16.5 110 60 30
18.3 X 18.3 135 95 60
21.3 X 21.3 185 95 60
24.4 X 24.4 240 135 60
27.4 X 27.4 304 185 95
30.5 X 30.5 375 240 95
33.5 X 33.5 455 240 135
25. 4. "Strobe” Layout Design Practices
Application: 6m X 5m Room
6m
ULC-S524-06 Table 5 for wall mounted
devices requires a 15 Candela strobe for
a maximum room size of (6.10m X
6.10m)
5m
? Intensity Maximum Area
Coverage in (m)
1 Strobe
per area
2 Strobes
per area
4 Strobes
per area
6.10 X 6.10 15 N/A N/A
ONE 15 Candela Strobe will meet this
application
26. 4. "Strobe” Layout Design Practices
Do we mount the strobe on the short or long side of the wall?
Installation Tip -Spacing
allocation for wall
Long Side Coverage? mounted strobes are to be
located (at the mid-point
of the longest side of the
6m area served) NFPA 72
5m
Short Side
Coverage? 15 Candela
The mid-point of the longest side is the preferred method
27. Application - Four 15
Maximum Area
Coverage in (m)
1 Strobe
per area
2 Strobes
per area
4 Strobes
per area
Candela Strobes in a 12.2m
X 12.2m Room
12.2X 12.2 60 30 15
12.2 m In this example, we are
meeting minimum Candela
rating (illumination) but
the strobe allocation is
incorrect
Area Coverage of each
appliance is not maximized
12.2 m Moreover, if these were
(Horn/Strobe or Speaker
Strobe) combination units
the result may be
conflicting sound waves or
sound cancellation
28. Maximum Area 1 Strobe 2 Strobes 4 Strobes The correct method is by
Coverage in (m) per area per area per area following clause 5.4.5.8 in
CAN/ULC-S524-06
6.10 X 6.10 15 N/A N/A
Subdivide the room into multiple
12.2 m squares (6.1m x 4)
5.4.5.8 Where multiple wall-mounted visible
6.1m signal devices are used within a room, the room
shall be subdivided into multiple squares and
the selection of the device output and location
6.1m shall be in accordance with Table 5 and Figure 3.
• ULC-S524-06 Table 5 - room
12.2 m
size of 6.1m X 6.1m requires a 15
candela strobe
6.1m • Install four 15 candela strobes
(one for each 6.1m area)
Utilize Maximum Area
6.1m Coverage
29. • Application – Room size is 14m X 28m 5.4.5.8 WhereArea
Maximum multiple wall-mounted visible signal devices are
1 Strobe 2 Strobes 4 Strobes
used within ain (m) the room shall be per area into per area
Coverage room, per area subdivided multiple
• Divide the room into two 14m X 14m squares and the selection of the device output and location shall
15.2 X 15.2 94 60 30
be in accordance with Table 5 and Figure 3.
• Two 60 Candela or four 30 Candela strobes can be substituted
• Note that the two visible signal devices are located on opposite walls
28 m
14 m
14 m
14 m
30. If there are two appliances in a protected area, they must
be located on opposite walls
32. Maximum Area Size Maximum Mounting One Strobe Light
Height (Rated Candela)
6.10 X 6.10 3 15
9.14 X 9.14 3 30
12.2 X 12.2 3 60
15.2 x 15.2 3 95
6.10 X 6.10 6 30
9.14 X 9.14 6 45
12.2 X 12.2 6 80
15.2 x 15.2 6 115
6.10 X 6.10 9 55
9.14 X 9.14 9 75
12.2 X 12.2 9 115
15.2 x 15.2 9 150
33. 4. "Strobe” Layout Design Practices
• Ceiling mounted strobes have a different polar distribution than wall
mounted versions.
• The strobe’s reflector has to be designed to disperse the light 180
degrees.
• Mircom offers “System Sensor” models for ceiling mounted applications.
180 Degrees
Distribution
34. 4. "Strobe” Layout Design Practices
• Application 9.14 X 9.14 Room @ 3 meter Ceiling Height
• Ceiling Appliance Centered
• ULC-S524-06 Ceiling Mount Table 6 requires a 60 Candela Strobe for room
size 9.14m X 9.14m
• At 6m ceiling height, a 45 Candela is required
• At 9m ceiling height, a 75 Candela is required
9.14 m
Maximum Area Size Maximum Mounting Height One Strobe Light
(Rated Candela)
12.2 X 12.2 3 30
9.14 X 9.14 6 45
9.14 X 9.14 9 75
9.14 m
30 Candela
Strobe @ 3m
height
35. 4. "Strobe” Layout Design Practices
• Application 9m X 4.5m Room @ 3 meter Ceiling Height
• Ceiling Appliance Not Centered
Where the ceiling-mounted visible signal
4.5 m device is not located at the center of the
room, the effective intensity (candela) shall
One 95 or 2 be determined by doubling the distance
from the device to the farthest wall to
60 Candela
obtain the maximum room size.
Strobes can
be used We have a 7m distance from device to the
9m furthest wall - Doubling the distance gives
us 14m. The next closest room size is
7m 15.2m X 15.2m. The table shows that a 95
candela strobe is required
Maximum Area Size Maximum Mounting Height One Strobe Light
(Rated Candela)
15.2 X 12.2 3 95
12.2 X 12.2 3 60
36. 5. Mircom Solutions for Difficult Environments
Longitudinal
flue space
37
End View
42. NFP2-2010 18.5.4.5
Performance Based Alternative
Any design that provides a minimum of 0.4036 lumens/m2
(0.0375 lumens/ft2) of illumination at any point within the
covered area at all angles specified by the polar dispersion
planes for wall or ceiling-mounted visual appliances in
ANSI/UL 1971, Standard for Safety Signaling Devices for
Hearing Impaired
0.4036 lumens/m2
43. 1. Definitions & Industry Trends
2. Physics of Visible Appliances
3. Visible Appliances Building Code Requirements
4. "Strobe” Layout Design Practices
5. Mircom Solutions for Difficult Environments
strobe lightA high-intensity light flash: a high-intensity flashing beam of light produced by charging a capacitor to a very high voltage then discharging it as a high-intensity flash of light in a tubeA visible signal device which utilizes high intensity flashing light to notify occupants of a building to the activation of the fire alarm system.
The number of seniors aged 65 and over increased 14.1% between 2006 and 2011 to nearly 5 million. This rate of growth was higher than that of children aged 14 and under (0.5%) and people aged 15 to 64 (5.7%).According to a new Census Bureau report, there were 40.3 million people age 65 and older on April 1, 2010, up 5.3 percent from 35 million in 2000
Strobe must be located no more than 4.6m from end of corridorAdditional strobes placed not more than 30m apart15 Candela Strobes
Where there is an interruption of the concentrated viewing path, such as a fire door, an elevation change, or any other obstruction, the area shall be treated as a separate corridor
For example, in large warehouse spaces and large distribution spaces such as super stores, it ispossible to provide visible signaling using the appliances and applications of this chapter.However, mounting strobe lights at a height of 2030 mm to 2440 mm (80 in. to 96 in.) alongaisles with rack storage subjects the lights to frequent mechanical damage by forklift trucks andstock. Also, the number of appliances required would be very high. It might be possible to useother appliances and applications not specifically addressed by this chapter at this time.Alternative applications must be carefully engineered for reliability and function and wouldrequire permission of the authority having jurisdiction.Tests of a system in large warehouse/super stores designed using the prescriptive approach of7.5.4.3 showed that high ambient light levels resulted in both indirect and direct signalingeffects. The signal-to-noise ratio produced by the operating visible notification appliances waslow in many locations. However, with visible notification appliances located over the aisles orCopyright NFPAunobstructed by stock, indirect and some direct notification was sometimes achieved. Directnotification occurs even when occupants do not look up toward the ceiling-mounted visiblenotification appliances due to the extended cone of vision shown in Figure A.7.5.3(a). Thevisible notification appliance intensity and spacing resulting from the prescriptive design wasgenerally sufficient for occupant notification by a combination of direct and indirect signaling.Testing showed that the best performance was achieved where visible notification applianceswere directly over aisles or where visible notification appliances in adjacent aisles were notobstructed by stock. The performance-based design method will almost always result in aislesnot having a line of visible notification appliances in them, because the spacing of visiblenotification appliances can be greater than the spacing of aisles. Also, it is recognized thataisles might be relocated after installation of the system. Good design practice is to place visiblenotification appliances over aisles, especially those that are likely to remain unchanged such asmain aisles, and over checkout areas. Where reorganization of aisles results in visiblenotification appliances not in or over an aisle, or where that is the base design, it is important tohave a clear view from that aisle to a nearby visible notification appliance. See FigureA.7.5.3(b). Some spaces might have marginal visible notification appliance effect (direct orindirect). However, occupants in these large stores and storage occupancies move frequentlyand place themselves in a position where they receive notification via the visible notificationappliances. In addition, complete synchronization of the visible notification appliances in thespace produced a desirable effect.
Visible notification using the methods contained in 7.5.4.3 is achieved by indirect signaling.This means the viewer need not actually see the appliance, just the effect of the appliance. Thiscan be achieved by producing minimum illumination on surfaces near the appliance such as thefloor, walls, and desks. There must be a sufficient change in illumination to be noticeable. Thetables and charts in Section 7.5 specify a certain candela-effective light intensity for certain sizespaces. The data were based on extensive research and testing. Appliances do not typicallyproduce the same light intensity when measured off-axis. To ensure that the appliance producesthe desired illumination (effect), it must have some distribution of light intensity to the areassurrounding the appliance. UL 1971, Standard for Safety Signaling Devices for the HearingImpaired, specifies the distribution of light shown to provide effective notification by indirectvisible signaling.FIGURE A.
Any design that provides a minimum of 0.4036 lumens/m2 (0.0375 lumens/ft2) ofillumination at any point within the covered area at all angles specified by the polar dispersionplanes for wall or ceiling-mounted visual appliances in ANSI/UL 1971, Standard for SafetySignaling Devices for Hearing Impaired, or equivalent, as calculated for the maximum distancefrom the nearest visual notification appliance shall be permitted in lieu of the requirements