Design considerations of electrical installationsvishalgohel12195
Design considerations of electrical installations
Types of Loads
Estimation of load
Demand factor
Load factor
Diversity factor
Electric supply system
Overhead supply system
Underground cable system
Selection of type of wiring
Durability
Appearance
Cost
Safety
Accessibility
Maintenance cost
System of wiring
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domest...maharshi solanki
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domestic installation
Prepared by: Maharshi Solanki
Guided by:Prof. Jaydeep Vanpariya
Principles of Cable Sizing; current carrying capacity, voltage drop, short circuit.
Cables are often the last component considered during system design even if in many situations cables are the true system’s lifeline: if a cable fails, the entire system may stop. Cable reliability is therefore extremely important, then a cable system should be engineered to last the life of the system in the installation environment for the required application. Environments in which cable systems are being used are often challenging, as extreme temperatures, chemicals, abrasion, and extensive flexing. These variables have a direct impact on the materials used for cable insulation and jacketing as well as the construction of the cable. Using a systematic approach will help ensure that designer select the best cable for the required application in the installation environment. This lessons will provide students main guidelines for perform this approach.
Dear All,
Here i glad to introduced with a basics of Design Electrical which is helpfull to understand the concept of electrical.
I hope you like these concept & prefered the same.
Thanks& Regards,
Pankaj V. Chavan
( 95615 73214 )
This Presentation is about l.v switch gear design, presented during the graduation project final discussion 15/7/2018.
It presented a good summary of switch gear components and types and practicing on AL.HAMOOL W.T.P M.D.B design using SIEMENS SIVACON S8
Cables are often the last component considered during system design even if in many situations cables are the true system’s lifeline: if a cable fails, the entire system may stop. Cable reliability is therefore extremely important, then a cable system should be engineered to last the life of the system in the installation environment for the required application. Environments in which cable systems are being used are often challenging, as extreme temperatures, chemicals, abrasion, and extensive flexing. These variables have a direct impact on the materials used for cable insulation and jacketing as well as the construction of the cable. Using a systematic approach will help ensure that designer select the best cable for the required application in the installation environment. This lessons will provide students main guidelines for perform this approach.
Design considerations of electrical installationsvishalgohel12195
Design considerations of electrical installations
Types of Loads
Estimation of load
Demand factor
Load factor
Diversity factor
Electric supply system
Overhead supply system
Underground cable system
Selection of type of wiring
Durability
Appearance
Cost
Safety
Accessibility
Maintenance cost
System of wiring
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domest...maharshi solanki
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domestic installation
Prepared by: Maharshi Solanki
Guided by:Prof. Jaydeep Vanpariya
Principles of Cable Sizing; current carrying capacity, voltage drop, short circuit.
Cables are often the last component considered during system design even if in many situations cables are the true system’s lifeline: if a cable fails, the entire system may stop. Cable reliability is therefore extremely important, then a cable system should be engineered to last the life of the system in the installation environment for the required application. Environments in which cable systems are being used are often challenging, as extreme temperatures, chemicals, abrasion, and extensive flexing. These variables have a direct impact on the materials used for cable insulation and jacketing as well as the construction of the cable. Using a systematic approach will help ensure that designer select the best cable for the required application in the installation environment. This lessons will provide students main guidelines for perform this approach.
Dear All,
Here i glad to introduced with a basics of Design Electrical which is helpfull to understand the concept of electrical.
I hope you like these concept & prefered the same.
Thanks& Regards,
Pankaj V. Chavan
( 95615 73214 )
This Presentation is about l.v switch gear design, presented during the graduation project final discussion 15/7/2018.
It presented a good summary of switch gear components and types and practicing on AL.HAMOOL W.T.P M.D.B design using SIEMENS SIVACON S8
Cables are often the last component considered during system design even if in many situations cables are the true system’s lifeline: if a cable fails, the entire system may stop. Cable reliability is therefore extremely important, then a cable system should be engineered to last the life of the system in the installation environment for the required application. Environments in which cable systems are being used are often challenging, as extreme temperatures, chemicals, abrasion, and extensive flexing. These variables have a direct impact on the materials used for cable insulation and jacketing as well as the construction of the cable. Using a systematic approach will help ensure that designer select the best cable for the required application in the installation environment. This lessons will provide students main guidelines for perform this approach.
UPS Electrical Design and Installation by Critical Power Supplies.
Important considerations for the electrical design and installation of UPS systems in mission critical applications.
Where Critical Power applications are concerned, the electrical design and installation of a UPS (uninterruptible power supply) system is crucially important for several reasons.
Firstly, it must work in alignment with installations already on site and not interfere with other electrical
equipment. This is particularly important for industrial and healthcare installations where there may already
be critical equipment (medical and life support, for example) in operation.
It all starts with a site survey.
A pre-installation site survey will reveal details about the scope of the electrical work to be undertaken.
Such information will reveal, for instance, the type of electrical loads, power quality issues, harmonics, whether it is a
high, medium or low voltage installation and electrical distribution set up, including the breaker sizes already on site
and their discrimination.
If you would like more information please contact sales on 0800 978 8988 or email sales@criticalpowersupplies.co.uk
Since the loads having the trends towards growing density. This requires the better appearance, rugged construction, greater service reliability and increased safety. An underground cable essentially consists of one or more conductors covered with suitable insulation and surrounded by a protecting cover. The interference from external disturbances like storms, lightening, ice, trees etc. should be reduced to achieve trouble free service. The cables may be buried directly in the ground, or may be installed in ducts buried in the ground.
Interior Wiring types and their applications, factors to be considered while selecting the type
of wiring system, materials required for Interior wiring and their specifications, Code of
Practice for Lighting Installations, method of deciding the number of sub-circuits, calculating
the quantity of wiring materials and accessories for the Interior Wiring, load calculations for
a residential buildings, size of conductors, main switch, sub switches and protective devices.
Draw wiring plan for AEH Installation, concept of horizontal run, vertical rise and vertical
drop. Prepare the schedule of materials for providing lighting and heating circuits and their
estimates. Procedure for converting lighting to AEH installation.
Meaning of service mains, code of Practice for service mains, types of service mains- Over
Head Service Mains -materials and specifications, UG Service Mains -materials and
specifications, Standard wire size table, current ratings for Aluminium, copper conductors
and selection of size of conduit pipe as per the size and number of wires.
Load calculation, selection of size and type of conductor/UG cable, discrimination of size
of protective devices, Quantity calculation, schedules of materials and estimates for
single phase OH service connection, three phase OH service connection, single phase UG
service connection and three phase UG service connection.
In all instances cables utilized within a cable tray system should be UL listed and marked as cable tray rated. And here, the principal advantages of steel FRP ladder-type cable trays are their high strength and minimal expense.
250um loose tube vs. 900um tight buffered fiberAngelina Li
Choosing the right fiber-optic cable has become more challenging than ever. Factors like the advent
of new cable designs, suppliers, changes in fiber specifications, and the many claims of cable
performance can confuse even the most seasoned network designers.
2. Never Stop Learning Because Life Never Stop Teaching
What is Cable Tray
Types of Cable Tray
Types of Material of Cable tray
Installation Procedure of Cable Tray
Support Procedure of Cable tray
Demonstration
AREAS OF TRAINING
3. CABLE TRAY
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What is a Cable Tray System?
As per the National Electrical Code, a cable tray system is "a unit or
assembly of units or sections and associated fittings forming a rigid
structural system used to securely fasten or support cables and
raceways."
What does this mean?
Cable trays support cable the way that roadway bridges support
traffic.
A bridge is a structure that provides safe passage for traffic across
open
spans.
Cable tray is the bridge that allows for safe transport of wires across
open
spans.
4. CABLE TRAY
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What standards / guidelines are available for cable tray
systems?
1. The National Electrical Code publishes the standards for all
types of electrical applications. Articles 318, 250, and 800 cover
various aspects of cable tray systems.
2 NEMA, (National Electrical Manufacturers Association), is an
association comprised of the major cable tray manufacturers in the
industry. This committee has published three documents to date:
NEMA VE1, FG1 and VE2.
NEMA VE1
Covers general cable tray definitions, manufacturing standards,
performance standards, test standards, and application
information.
NEMA FG1
Addresses the standards for fiberglass cable tray systems.
NEMA VE2
Covers cable tray installation guideline which covers receiving
5. CABLE TRAY
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What types of Cable Tray are available?
1. Ladder Tray
2. Solid Bottom Cable Tray
3. Trough ( ventilated ) Cable Tray
4. Channel ( perforated )Cable Tray
5. Wire Mesh Cable Tray
6. Single Rail Cable Tray
6. CABLE TRAY
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1. Ladder Cable Tray:
1.1. Solid side rail protection and system strength with smooth
radius fittings and a wide selection of materials and finishes.
1.2 maximum strength for long span applications
standard widths of 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 900 millimeters
1.3 standard depths of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 millimeters
1.4standard lengths of 3 to 6 meters
1.5rung spacing of 150, 225, 300, and 450 millimeters
1.6Ladder cable tray is generally used in applications with
intermediate to long support spans, 3meters to 6 meters.
Figure 1-1 I-Beam Figure 1-2 Channel Flange In Figure 1-2 Channel Flange O
7. CABLE TRAY
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2. Solid Bottom Cable Tray:
2.1. Non ventilated continuous support for delicate cables with
added cable protection available in metallic and fiberglass.
2.2. Solid bottom metallic with solid metal covers for non
plenum rated cable in environmental air areas
2.3. standard widths of 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 900
millimeters
2.4. standard depths of 75, 100, 125, and 150 inches
2.5. standard lengths of 3, 6, meters
Solid Bottom cable tray is generally used for minimal heat
generating
Electrical or telecommunication applications with short to
intermediate
8. CABLE TRAY
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Figure 2-1 Pan Flange
In
Figure 1-2 Pan Flange Out
Figure 2-3 Corrugated Bottom Figure 2-4 Solid Sheet on Top
of
Ladder Rung
Example of Solid Bottom Cable Tray
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3. Trough Cable Tray:
3.1. Moderate ventilation with added cable support
frequency and with the bottom configuration providing cable
support every 4 inches. Available in metal and nonmetallic
materials.
3.2. standard widths of 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900
millimeters
3.3. standard depths of 75, 100, 125, and 150 millimeters
3.4. standard lengths of , 3000, 6000 millimeters
3.5. fixed rung spacing of 100 millimeters on center
Trough cable tray is generally used for moderate heat
generating applications with short to intermediate support
spans of 0.6, 3, 6 meters.
10. CABLE TRAY
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Figure 3-1 Corrugated Bottom with Holes
Figure 3-2 Pan with Louvers
Figure 3-3 Tray with Close Rung Spacing
11. CABLE TRAY
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4. Channel Cable Tray:
4.1 an economical support for cable drops and branch cable
runs from the backbone cable tray system.
4.2. standard widths of 75, 100, and 150 millimeters in metal
systems and up to 200 millimeters in nonmetallic systems.
4.3. standard depths of 30 to 50 millimeters in metal
systems and 25, 30, 40, and 50 millimeters in nonmetallic
systems
4.4. standard length of 3, 4, and 6 meters
Channel cable tray is used for installations with limited
numbers of tray
cable when conduit is undesirable. Support frequency with
short to medium
support spans of 1.5 to 3 meters.
12. CABLE TRAY
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Figure 4-Ventilated Bottom
Figure 5- 2 Solid Bottom
13. CABLE TRAY
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5. Wire Mesh Cable Tray:
5.1. A job site, field adaptable support system primarily for low
voltage,
telecommunication and fiber optic cables. These systems
are typically steel
wire mesh, zinc plated.
5.2. standard widths of 25, 50, 150, 200, 300, 400, 450, 500,
and 600 millimeters
5.3. standard depths of 25, 50, and 100 millimeters
5.4. standard length of about 3 meter
Wire Mesh tray is generally used for telecommunication and
fiber optic
applications and are installed on short support spans, 1.2 to 2.4
14. CABLE TRAY
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Figure 5-1 Wire Mesh Cable Tray
Example of Wire Mesh Cable Tray
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6. Single Rail Cable Tray:
6.1. These aluminum systems are the fastest systems to
install and provide
the maximum freedom fort cable to enter and exit the
system.
6.2. Single hung or wall mounted systems in single or multiple
tiers.
Standard widths are 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 inches.
6.3. Standard depths are 3, 4, and 6 inches.
6.4. Standard lengths are 10 and 12 feet.
Single Rail Cable Tray is generally used for low voltage and
power cables
16. CABLE TRAY
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Example of Wire Mesh Cable Tray
Figure 6.1 Centre Rail Cable Tray
Figure 6.2 Single Tier Wall Mount
Figure 6.3 Multi Tier Wall Mount
17. CABLE TRAY
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What materials available for the various cable tray
systems?1. Steel (Min. Yield = 33KSI) (35 KSI for Stainless)
1.1. Plain: hot rolled pickled and oiled steel.
1.2. Pre-Galvanized: mill galvanized steel
1.3. Hot Dip Galvanized After Fabrication1.4. Stainless Steel:
type 304 or 316L fully annealed stainless steel
2. Aluminum (Min.Yield = 23 KSI)
2.1. 6063-T6 or 5052-H32 alloy per ASTM B209
3. Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP)
3.1. Polyester and Vinyl Ester resin systems available
3.2. Meet ASTM E-84 smoke density rating; Polyester 680,
Vinyl Ester1025
18. CABLE TRAY
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What configurations are available?
1. Straight sections are available to route cables in a horizontal
or vertical plane.
2. Fittings are available to route cables in various directions in
either the horizontal or vertical planes. Typical examples of
fittings include elbows, tees, crosses, and risers. Each of these
fittings are available in various radii and bend angles.
3. Covers are accessories and shouldn't be in here unless
splices etc. are
20. CABLE TRAY
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Cable Tray Installation Step
Common Tools for Cable Tray installation
Marking of Cable Tray
Cutting & Fabrication of Cable Tray
Drilling of Cable Tray
Support Installation for Cable Tray
Cable Tray Fitting & Accessories
Fixing of Cable Tray
21. CABLE TRAY
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Common Tools for Installation
The following tools are commonly used for installation of cable tray:
1. Metal cutting saw
2. Touch-up material
3. Screwdriver
3. Drill with bits
4. File
5.Open-end wrench
6. Nylon cord or laser
7. Sealant for cut
edges(fiberglass)
8. Cutting saw (for fiberglass),
carbide- or diamond-tipped
9. Leveling device
10. Tape measure
11. Square
12. C clamp
13. Torque wrench
14. Ratchet wrench
15 Offset bolt cutters (wire mesh)
16 Dust mask (fiberglass)
17 Appropriate safety equipment
22. CABLE TRAY
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Marking of Cable Tray
Using a square that reaches across the width of the cable tray, gauge
off the edge of one side rail and mark both flanges.
Mark the web of the rail. Marking can be done with a scribe, marking
pen, or a pencil.
23. CABLE TRAY
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Cutting & Fabrication of Cable Tray
The cutting can be made using a hand-held hack saw,
a circular saw with carbide-tip or diamond-dusted blade, a
hand-held band saw, offset bolt cutters, or a high-speed
grinder (for wire mesh only). It is
important to get a square cut to ensure a good splice
connection.
Cable tray manufacturers offer jigs and other devices
to aid in field cutting. After cutting, smooth the cut edges
to remove any burrs. Fiberglass material should be cut
with a circular saw with a carbide tip or a diamond dusted
blade.
24. CABLE TRAY
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Cable Tray Bends & Offset Fabrication Tables
25. CABLE TRAY
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Cutting with Hand-Held Hack Saw Cutting with Bolt Cutters
examples of Cable Tray Cutting
Channel Tray cutting
26. CABLE TRAY
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Drilling
Holes for splice plates must be drilled in field-cut cable trays. The most
common method of locating the hole positions is to use a splice plate
as a template.
Drill jigs are also available. A short piece of side rail that is punched
with the standard factory hole pattern can be bolted to the splice plate
to serve as a stop that rests against the end of the field-cut side rail
Clamp the splice plate to the rail, and drill through the splice plate
holes and the side rail . The correct drill size depends on the hardware
supplied with the cable tray. Match the holes that exist in the cable tray.
After drilling, remove burrs.
Drilling with Drill
Jigs
Drilling with Punched Side
Rail
Drilling with Clamp and Side
Rail
27. CABLE TRAY
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Cable Tray Supports.
1. Trapeze Support (Single or Multi-tier)
2. Hanger rod clamps, "J" hangers
3. Center Hung Support
4. Wall Support
5. Under floor Support
6. Single Channel Cable Tray Hanger
7. Double Channel Cable Tray Hanger
28. CABLE TRAY
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1. Trapeze Type
1.1. Thread nuts onto threaded rod approximately 50 mm (2 in)
above the desired location for the bottom
of the cable tray.
1.2. Slide on square washers followed by cross member and second
set of square washers.
1.3.Thread the second set of nuts onto the threaded rod.
1.4. Move the cross member so that the top surface is located where
the bottom of the cable tray run will
be located.
1.5. Move the second set of nuts up the threaded rod until the cross
member is reached and held in place.
1.6. Make sure the cross member is level, then move the first set of
nuts down the threaded rod until the
29. CABLE TRAY
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Figure 1-1 Strut Support
Figure 1-2 Angle Iron Support
Figure 1.3 C-Channel
Support
Figure 1.4 Strut (Exploded View)
examples of Trapeze Type Supports
30. CABLE TRAY
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2. Hanger Rod Clamp
2.1. Thread nuts onto threaded rod approximately 225 mm (9 in)
above the desired location for the bottom of the cable tray.
2.2. Place a clamp around the side rail of the cable tray.
2.3. Lift the entire cable tray section onto the threaded rod, running
the threaded rod through the holes in the clamps.
2.4. Thread a second set of nuts onto threaded rod, moving them up
until the bottom of the cable tray reaches the desired location.
2.5. Move the first set of nuts down the threaded rod and secure
clamps in place.
31. CABLE TRAY
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examples of Hanger Rod Clamp
Supports
2.1. Single Cable Tray Hanger 2.3. Double Cable Tray Hanger
1.2 Single Cable Tray Hanger 1.4. Double Cable Tray Hanger
32. CABLE TRAY
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3. Center Hung Support
3.1.Thread nut onto threaded rod approximately 225 mm (9 in)
above the desired location for the bottom of the cable tray.
3.2. Slide washer and support onto the threaded rod with upright
tube going through the center of the cable tray section needing
support.
3.3. Place a square washer on the threaded rod and thread on the
second nut.
3.4. Move cross member so its top surface is located at the place
where the bottom 3.5. the cable tray run will be located.
3.6. Move the second nut up the threaded rod until it reaches the
cross member and holds it in place.
3.7. Move the first nut down the threaded rod until it secures the
cross member in place. In most cases, hold-down/guide clamps may
be mounted on either the inside or outside of the cable tray.
When installed on the inside of the cable tray, the clamp and/or
attaching hardware should not extend into the cable pathway.
33. CABLE TRAY
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Figure 3.1 Center Hangar Support Figure 3.2 Center Hangar Support
Exemple of 3.1 Center Hangar Support
34. CABLE TRAY
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4. Wall and Cantilever Brackets
Secure the brackets to the structure or wall making sure they are level and aligned
with each other.
.
Figure 4-1 Single Strut Cantilever Bracket
Figure 4-2 Gusset Cantilever Bracket
Figure 4-4 Single-Rail Direct Wall MountFigure 4-3 Fiberglass Cantilever Bracket 0
35. CABLE TRAY
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5. Floor and Roof Installations
5.1. Cable tray should not be laid directly on the floor or roof.
5.2. It should be mounted far enough off the floor or roof to allow
the cables to exit through the bottom of the cable tray.
5.3. If a strut is used for this purpose, mount the strut directly to the
floor or roof and attach the cable tray to the strut using hold-down
clamps and/or guide clamps.
figure 5-2 Under floor Support Attached
to
Floor Pedestals
Figure 5-1 Under Floor Strut-Type Support
36. CABLE TRAY
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6. Single & Double Channel Cable Tray Hanger
6.1. Thread nut onto threaded rod to the height required.
6.2. Place hanger on the threaded rod and follow with one nut.
6.3. Run nut up the threaded rod until the bottom of the hanger is at
the desired height
6.4. Run top nut down to tighten.
6.5. Place channel on the hanger, and secure in place as necessary.
Figure 6-1 Single Channel Hanger Figure 6-2 Double Channel Hangar
37. CABLE TRAY
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CABLE TRAY FITTINGS & ACCESSORIES INSTALLATION
Horizontal Elbow Support
Supports for horizontal cable tray fittings should be placed within
600
mm (2 ft) of each fitting extremity, and as follows:
90° supports at the 45° point of arc.
60° supports at the 30° point of arc.
45° supports at the 22-1/2° point of arc (except for the 300 mm (12
in) radii).
30° supports at the 15° point of arc (except for the 300 mm (12 in)
radii).
38. CABLE TRAY
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Horizontal Tee Support
Place horizontal tee supports within 600 mm (2 ft) of each of the
three
openings connected to other cable tray items for the 300 mm (12 in)
radius.
On all other radii, at least one additional support should be placed
under each side rail at the horizontal tee, preferably as shown.
39. CABLE TRAY
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Horizontal Cross Support
Place horizontal cross support within 600 mm (2 ft) of each of the four
openings connected to other cable tray items for the 300 mm (12 in)
radius. On all other radii, at least one
additional support should be placed under each side rail of the
horizontal cross, preferably as shown.
40. CABLE TRAY
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Reducer Support
Place reducer supports within 600 mm (2 ft) of each fitting extremity.
3.5.1.6 Vertical Cable Tray Elbows
Vertical cable tray elbows at the top of runs should be supported at
end.
At the bottom of runs, they should be supported at the top of the
elbow and within 600 mm(2 ft) of the lower extremity of the elbows.
41. CABLE TRAY
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Vertical Cable Tray Tees
Vertical cable tray tees should be supported within 600 mm (2 ft) of
each fitting extremity.
42. CABLE TRAY
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Fixing of Cable Tray
43. CABLE TRAY
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Expansion Splice Plate Attachment
Splice Plate Attachment
Straight Cable Tray Installation
Straight Cable Tray Installation