Understanding personality disorders
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The document discusses personality disorders and their assessment and management. It defines personality disorders as enduring patterns of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate from cultural expectations. It outlines structural and topographic theories of personality and psycho-sexual development. Factors influencing personality include biological, psychological, and socio-cultural elements. The document describes features of personality disorders including inflexible patterns across life domains that cause distress and impairment. Assessment involves history, clinical interviews, and projective tests. Management can include limited pharmacological interventions for specific symptoms, as well as various psychotherapies.
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Approach to a case of personality disorder
Dr. Sujit Kumar Kar discusses the assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders. He notes that personality disorders involve enduring and inflexible patterns of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate from cultural expectations. These patterns manifest in at least two of four domains - cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control. Assessment involves collecting information from the individual, family, friends, and other sources to evaluate functioning in these domains. The enduring patterns must cause clinically significant distress or impairment and be stable over time to meet the criteria for a personality disorder diagnosis.
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This document outlines the components and process of conducting a mental status examination in psychiatry. It discusses establishing rapport with the patient, general techniques for observation and questioning, and the key areas to assess including appearance, speech, thought, emotion, perception, cognitive functions, and insight. The mental status examination, combined with psychiatric history, allows clinicians to make an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
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This document defines and outlines the components of a mental status examination (MSE), which is used by psychiatrists and other mental health professionals to evaluate a patient's mental wellbeing. The MSE systematically evaluates elements such as appearance, attitude, behavior, mood, affect, speech, thought processes, thought content, insight, and risk of harm. It provides a standardized way to describe a patient's mental state at the time of evaluation to inform diagnosis and treatment planning.
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Approach to a case of personality disorder
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Objective personality tests involve administering standardized questions to examinees who select from fixed response options. They are economical to administer to large groups and scoring is objective. However, they do not account for individual motives and cognitions, so people with similar scores may differ. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory identifies psychiatric diagnoses through items from prior tests and clinical experience assessing scales like depression, hysteria, and paranoia. Projective tests use unstructured stimuli to reveal examinees' needs, wishes, and conflicts through their open-ended responses, which are interpreted along multiple dimensions. Ethical testing requires competence, informed consent, confidentiality, and avoiding unfair disadvantages to minority groups.
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2) Methods of personality assessment including interviews, questionnaires, and projective tests like Rorschach inkblots.
3) Freud's psychodynamic theory of personality structured in ID, ego, and superego developing through oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stages, driven by eros and thanatos instincts.
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Tests are standardized procedures used to measure and predict behavior. Psychological tests specifically measure personality traits objectively through verbal and non-verbal responses. There are two main types: individual tests administered to one person at a time, and group tests administered simultaneously to multiple people. Ability tests measure accuracy and speed, while personality tests gauge typical behaviors like traits and temperament. Personality tests are used for assessing theories, diagnosing problems, evaluating therapy effectiveness, and predicting future behavior.
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Clinical psychology is a field of psychology that specializes in diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. It involves researching and applying principles and methods to understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort. The biopsychosocial model views health as being influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors that interact in complex ways. Understanding these interactions helps provide more accurate diagnoses and effective treatments that consider the whole person.
How do psychological disorders impact a person’s life?
Psychology is the examination of the conscious and unconscious mind and human behavior. A professional researcher involved in this specialty is called a psychologist. As per the WHO (world health organization), all over 450 million people currently suffer and affect by such conditions, placing mental illness or disorders among the leading causes of ill health and disability worldwide.
A total 8 type psychology disorders describe by professional scientists such as:
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How do psychological disorders impact a person’s life?
How do psychological disorders impact a person’s life?
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Understanding personality disorders
- 1. Dr.Sujit Kumar Kar Assistant Professor in Psychiatry King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, UP
- 2. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour as per the expectations of the individual’s culture
- 3. Structural Theory Id Ego Superego Arlow JA, Brenner C. Psychoanalytic concepts and
- 4. Topographic Theory Conscious Preconscious Unconscious Arlow JA, Brenner C. Psychoanalytic concepts and
- 8. Deviation from the expected norms Pattern is manifested in two (or more) of the following areas • Cognition [Ways of perceiving and interpreting self, people and events] • Affectivity [Range, intensity, lability and appropriateness of emotional response] • Interpersonal functioning • Impulse control
- 9. • Enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across various domains of life • Enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment • Pattern is stable and of long duration • Onset – Adolescence to young adulthood • The pattern of behaviour is unexplainable by any other psychiatric disorder or substance use disorder
- 13. Assessment of Personality • History • Clinical interview: IPDE, SCID-II, 16-PF, EPI • Projective tests: Rorschach Inkblot Test, TAT, SCT, DAPT, HTP It is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed
- 14. Approach & Management • Pharmacological (limited role) – Border-line personality disorder • Micro-psychotic episode • Impulsive behaviour (role of SSRIs, low dose antipsychotics) – Co-morbid psychiatric illness • Psycho-social – CBT – Psychodynamic psychotherapy – Social skill training – Coping skill – Anger management – DBT