EEG basics for Mental Health Professionals provides an overview of EEG (electroencephalography). Some key points covered include: - Hans Berger invented EEG in 1924 to study how the brain and mind interact with the outside world. - EEG involves recording the spontaneous electrical activity generated by cortical neurons via electrodes placed on the scalp. These detect extracellular electrical fields from action potentials and synaptic activity. - The international 10-20 system is commonly used for electrode placement. It allows recording of brain activity from different regions. - EEG is used to examine background brainwave activity, symmetry between brain hemispheres, abnormal electrical discharges, and artifacts. This can provide information relevant to conditions like epilepsy,

1. EEG basics for Mental Health
Professionals
Dr. Sujit Kumar Kar
Assistant Professor in Psychiatry
King George’s Medical University, Lucknow

2. Source:
https://qbi.uq.
edu.au/blog/20
14/12/measuri
ng-brain-
activity-
humans
My ……….is beating……. Keeps on………….

3. EEG
Source: https://alan-urban.fr/index.php/brain-technologies/functional-ultrasound/presentation & Monet@Yonsei

4. Source: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijad/2011/280289/fig1/

5. Different Perspectives
The inverse problem attempts
to locate the sources from
recorded measurements,
whereas the forward problem
assumes a source definition in
order to calculate a potential
distribution map.
Source: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2009/656092/fig1/

6. Hans Berger (1873-1941)
Born: 21 May 1873, Coburg, Germany
Died: 1 June 1941, Jena, Germany
Hans Berger invented
electroencephalography
(EEG) in 1924
Many sources state that Berger was forced into retirement and suicide by the Nazis
because he was at odds with the regime.
(Zeidman et al., J Child Neurol. 2014 Jul;29(7):1002-10.)

7. What inspired
Hans Berger?
• 1892: Incident
• Got an telegram from his father
(enquired about his health)
• Her elder sister had a feeling….
• How the brain and mind interact with outside
world?

9. In Philately

10. Recording the brain activity
Source:
https://www.epilepsy.
com/learn/profession
als/diagnosis-
treatment/basic-
science-eeg

11. Sleep EEG

12. Electrode in10 -20 system: Broadmann areas
Source:
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-semi-
schematic-diagram-depicting-dorsal-and-
sagittal-views-of-the-human-skull-and-
brain_fig1_272479756

13. Electrode in10 -20 system: Broadmann areas
Source: http://www.addcentre.com/Pages/professionaltraining.html

14. Source:
http://www.japi.org/august_special_issue_2013_epilepsy/03_epilepsy_diagnostic_evaluation.html

15. Source: http://www.japi.org/august_special_issue_2013_epilepsy/03_epilepsy_diagnostic_evaluation.html

16. Electrode placement: 10 -20 system
Source:
https://www.
medicine.mcgil
l.ca/physio/vla
b/biomed_sig
nals/eeg_n.ht
m

17. Electrode placement: 10 -20 system
Source:
https://www.
medicine.mcgi
ll.ca/physio/vl
ab/biomed_si
gnals/eeg_n.ht
m

18. Electrode placement: 10 -20 system
Source:
http://thomask
osch.com/index
.php/2016/09/2
8/visualizing-
real-time-brain-
localization-in-
3d/

19. Electrode placement: 10 -20 system
• Source:
Source:
https://www.researchgate.
net/figure/International-
10-20-system-of-electrode-
placement-
7_fig2_256491418

20. •EEG
•Recording of
spontaneous electrical
activity generated by
cortical neurons

21. • Electrical activity
• Action potential
• Depolarization
• Repolarization

22. Electrical Potentials

23. Scalp
recorded
EEG
signals
•IPSP
•EPSP
EEG electrodes detect the extracellular electrical fields generated close to the cortical surface

24. •Amount of tissue needed to
produce an EEG spike has been
calculated to be 2cm* 3cm

25. Reading EEG
• Background activity
• Symmetry (right Vs left)
• Abnormal Electrical Discharges
• Artefacts

26. Reading EEG
• Background activity
• Symmetry (right Vs left)
• Abnormal Electrical Discharges
• Artefacts
γ, β, α, θ, δ

27. Reading EEG
• Background activity
• Symmetry (right Vs left)
• Abnormal Electrical Discharges
• Artefacts
Asymmetry :
Lateralization (Focal
abnormality)

28. Reading EEG
• Background activity
• Symmetry (right Vs left)
• Abnormal Electrical Discharges
• Artefacts
Focal Vs Generalized
Chaotic
Periodic (Patterned)
High Vs Low amplitude

29. Reading EEG
• Background activity
• Symmetry (right Vs left)
• Abnormal Electrical Discharges
• Artefacts Eye movement (vertical Vs lateral)
Wet skin
Misplacement/displacement of lead
Abnormal position of reference lead

30. • Photic stimulation
• Hyperventilation
• Sleep deprivation
• Eye closed

31. • Common abnormalities relevant for Mental health professionals
• Epilepsy
• Delirium
• CJD
• Dementia
• Intoxication
• Medication effects

34. EEG-fMRI fusion
Source: https://www.intechopen.com/books/adaptive-filtering/eeg-fmri-
fusion-adaptations-of-the-kalman-filter-for-solving-a-high-dimensional-
spatio-temporal-inve