This document provides an overview of ultracapacitors, also known as supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors. It describes their high capacitance ranging from 5000F, their ability to store charge without chemical reactions, and how they store energy in a double layer at the electrode-electrolyte interface when voltage is applied. Ultracapacitors can store 5% as much energy as lithium-ion batteries but charge and discharge faster. They have applications in electric vehicles, UPS systems, and electronics due to their long life, rapid charging, low cost, and ability to function at low temperatures. However, their energy density is lower than batteries.

1. ULTRACAPACITOR

2. CONTENT:-
*Introduction
*features
*Basic design of Ultracapacitor
*Principle
*Working
*Formation of double layer
*Comparison with battery and conventional capacitor
*Advantage
*Disadvantage
*Applications

3. Introduction:-
* Ultracapacitor is a modern electric energy storage device with
very high capacity and a low internal resistance.
* Has ability to store tremendous charge.
* Capacitance range upto 5000f.
* Also called super capacitor or double-layered capacitor.
* Invented by engineers at standard oil,1966

4. Features:-
*Capacitance ranges to 5000F.
*No chemical reaction involved.
*Work event at low temperatures -40 degrees Celsius.
*Ultracapacitor can store 5 percent as much energy as a modern
lithium-ion battery.

5. BASIC DESIGN OF ULTRACAPACITOR:-
• 1) Power source
• 2)Collector
• 3)Polarized Electrodes
• 4)Doubled layer
• 5)Electrolyte having +ve & -ve ions
• 6)Separator

6. PRINCIPLE:-
“Energy is stored in
ultracapacitor by
polarizing the
electrolytic solution .
The charges are
separated via
electrode-electrolyte
interface.”

7. WORKING:-
*There are two carbon sheet separated by separator.
* The highly porous carbon can store more energy than any other electrolytic
capacitor.
* When the voltage is applied to positive plate it attracts negative ions from
electrolyte.
* When the voltage is applied to negative plate , it attracts positive ions from
electrolytes.
* Therefore there is a formation of a layer of ions on the both side of the plate.
This is called “Double layer”.

8. • * For this reason , the ultracapacitor can also be called Double layer
capacitor.
* The ions are stored near the surface of carbon.
* The distance between the plates is in the order of Armstrong.
* According to the formula for the capacitance,
Capacitance= Dielectric constant of medium *area of plates
Distance between the plates

9. * The purpose of having separator is to prevent
the charges moving across the electrodes.
* The amount of energy stored is very large as
compare to standard capacitor because of the
enormous surface area created by the porous
carbon electrodes and the small charge separation
created by the dielectric separator.

10. Formation of double layer:-

11. COMPARISON WITH BATTERY AND CONVENTIONAL CAPACITOR:-

12. ADVANTAGE:-
* Long life: It work for large number of cycles
*Rapid charging: it takes second to charge completely
.
*Low cost : it is less expensive as compare to electrochemical
battery.
*High power storage: it stores huge amount of energy in small
volume
*Faster release: releases the energy much faster than battery.

13. DISADVANTAGE:-
* They have low energy density.
* Not all the energy can be utilized during dishcharge
*Voltages balancing is required when more than three
capacitor connected in series.

14. APPLICATIONS:-
*Function well in temperatures as lo as -40 ºC ,they can give electric cars a
boost in cold weather when batteries are at their worst.
*Used in uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
* They are used in electronic toys, computers,coffee makers,smoke detector.

15. THANKYOU
Submitted by:-
Rakesh kumar (1403331114)
Priyanka jaiswal(1403331109)
(3rd year)
(ECE BRANCH)(2nd shift)