Supercapacitors bridge the gap between conventional capacitors and batteries by providing higher power density and more charge/discharge cycles than batteries. They store energy via electrostatic double layer capacitance at the electrode-electrolyte interface [1]. Pseudocapacitors use fast faradaic reactions to store energy. Hybrid capacitors combine aspects of both. Though supercapacitors have higher power density and longer lifespan than batteries, they have lower energy density and higher self-discharge. They find use in applications requiring bursts of power like electric vehicles and smartphones.

1. SUPERCAPACITO
R
BY SABARINATH S

2. INTRODUCTION
• Rapid increase in the global energy
consumption
• Need for clean and renewable energy
sources
• Efficient mode of storing energy
• Efficiency of an energy storage devices
depends on the structure and
properties of the corresponding
component materials
Fig: Global supercapacitor market,2014-2025

3. CAPACITOR
• A passive two terminal electrical component
• Store energy in the form of an electrical charge
• Capacitors contain metallic plates or surfaces separated by a dielectric
medium

4. SUPERCAPACITOR
• Also called as ultracapacitor
• A generic term for a family of electrochemical capacitors
• Bridge the gap between the conventional capacitors and rechargeable
batteries

5. • Power density is 10-100 times
greater
• Energy density is 10 percent
• More charge and discharge
cycles
• Can handle quick load
fluctuations

6. HISTORY
1957
• First electrochemical capacitor was patented by General Electric’s H.I. Becker
• used a double layer charge storage with this device
.
• Standard electrochemical (EC) design used today was invented by Robert A
Rightmire
1999
• Brian Evans Conway coined the term supercapacitor

7. CONSTRUCTION
• Generally consists of two
electrodes, an electrolyte and a
separator
• Coating is implemented on metal
foils which serves as the current
collector and are immersed in an
electrolyte
• separator or paper membrane does
the function of separating electrode
coated current collectors

8. WORKING
Electrostatic Double Layer Capacitance
• When voltage is applied, the negative electrode attracts positive ions
from the electrolyte.
• Then the positive electrode attracts negative ions from the
electrolyte.
• supercapacitor forms an electrical double layer

9. • Due to decrease in distance of electrons the capacitance is very large
• Charge carriers are retained until there is a change in polarity or
decrease in potential
• No chemical reaction taking place charging and discharging can be
done many times
• Electrochemical Pseudocapacitance is another method where energy
is stored faradaically.

10. TYPES OF SUPERCAPACITORS

11. PSEUDOCAPACITOR
• Fast and reversible redox reaction
• Energy is stored faradaic charge
transfer
• Accomplished through
underpotential deposition, redox
reactions and intercalation
processes.
• Conductive polymers and metal
oxides are used for the
construction

12. HYBRID CAPACITORS
• Combination of the EDLCs and
pseudocapacitor storage
principles
• Elimination of limitations of the
combining components
• Example: Lithium-ion capacitor
• Can achieve very high energy
and power densities

13. SUPERCAPACITOR VS BATTERY

14. APPLICATION
Used in Electric Vehicles Used to power stylus of smart phones Used in car dashcam recorder
Solar supercapacitor for
wearable sensors
For IoT Used to light LEDs

16. ADVANTAGES
• Offer high capacitance (From 1 mF
to >10,000F)
• High power density and compact
size
• Have good life span (10-15years)
• Capable of low temperature
operations (-400C to +700C)
• Can supply large power bursts for
short duration of time
• capable of charging and discharging
in very short time
DISADVANTAGES
• Low energy density compared to
battery
• High self-discharge
• Low cell voltage
• Cannot be used in AC and high
frequency circuits

17. THANK YOU