Memory is divided into primary and secondary storage. Primary memory (RAM and ROM) is temporary and allows for quick access, while secondary memory provides permanent storage of large amounts of data even when the computer is off. Secondary storage devices include magnetic hard disks and floppy disks, as well as optical disks like CD-ROMs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs that store data using lasers.
Primary memory (main memory)
complete knowledge about main memory Ram Rom and its kinds
with history and pictures
try it to believe it
Main memory refers to physical memory that is internal to the computer
Primary memory (main memory)
complete knowledge about main memory Ram Rom and its kinds
with history and pictures
try it to believe it
Main memory refers to physical memory that is internal to the computer
A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain databases and control all access to them. The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide an environment that is both convenient and efficient for users to retrieve and store information.
A full ppt about computer memory.It will contain all data about computer memory like types of memory,ram and rom, types of ram and rom and cache memory.
RAM(Random Access memory) is a volatile memory.RAM is our working memory storage. All the data, which the PC uses and works with during operation, are stored here. Data are stored on drives, typically the hard drive. However, for the CPU to work with those data, they must be read into the working memory storage, which is made up of RAM chips.
Historical review:
Back in the 80's, PC's were equipped with RAM in quantities of 64 KB, 256 KB, 512 KB and finally 1 MB. Around 1990, advanced operating systems, like Windows, appeared on the market, that started the RAM race. The PC needed more and more RAM. That worked fine with the 386 processor, which could address larger amount of RAM. The first Windows operated PC's could address 2 MB RAM, but 4 MB soon became the standard. The race has continued through the 90's, as RAM prices have dropped dramatically. Today it would be foolish to consider less than 64 MB RAM in a PC. The OS like windows Xp requires better than this.
THIS SLIDE INCLUDES DEFINITION AND USE OF 4 COMPUTER MEMORY. THIS IS FOR ACADEMIC STUDY WHICH DESCRIBES ABOUT TYPES, ADVANTAGES, AND DISADVANTAGES OF MEMORY
Secondary memory is where programs and data are kept on a long-term basis. Common secondary storage devices are the hard disk and optical disks. The hard disk has enormous storage capacity compared to main memory. The hard disk is usually contained inside the case of a computer.
A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain databases and control all access to them. The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide an environment that is both convenient and efficient for users to retrieve and store information.
A full ppt about computer memory.It will contain all data about computer memory like types of memory,ram and rom, types of ram and rom and cache memory.
RAM(Random Access memory) is a volatile memory.RAM is our working memory storage. All the data, which the PC uses and works with during operation, are stored here. Data are stored on drives, typically the hard drive. However, for the CPU to work with those data, they must be read into the working memory storage, which is made up of RAM chips.
Historical review:
Back in the 80's, PC's were equipped with RAM in quantities of 64 KB, 256 KB, 512 KB and finally 1 MB. Around 1990, advanced operating systems, like Windows, appeared on the market, that started the RAM race. The PC needed more and more RAM. That worked fine with the 386 processor, which could address larger amount of RAM. The first Windows operated PC's could address 2 MB RAM, but 4 MB soon became the standard. The race has continued through the 90's, as RAM prices have dropped dramatically. Today it would be foolish to consider less than 64 MB RAM in a PC. The OS like windows Xp requires better than this.
THIS SLIDE INCLUDES DEFINITION AND USE OF 4 COMPUTER MEMORY. THIS IS FOR ACADEMIC STUDY WHICH DESCRIBES ABOUT TYPES, ADVANTAGES, AND DISADVANTAGES OF MEMORY
Secondary memory is where programs and data are kept on a long-term basis. Common secondary storage devices are the hard disk and optical disks. The hard disk has enormous storage capacity compared to main memory. The hard disk is usually contained inside the case of a computer.
A PowerPoint written for a lesson designed to help pupils answer extended writing questions found in GCSE Science Post 2011 specs.
Resources can be found here:
Introduction, Memory Hierarchy, Random Access Memory (RAM), Types of RAM, Read Only Memory (ROM), Types of ROM. Introduction, Classification of Secondary Storage Devices, Magnetic Tape, Magnetic Disk, Optical Disk, Magneto Optical disk.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
4. Objectives
• Know about Memory and it’s different types.
• Discuss the primary & Secondary memory.
• Explain the function and interaction of the primary (RAM, ROM)
and secondary storage devices (magnetic and optical).
• Describe secondary storage devices: FDD, HD, CD-ROM, DVD.
• Explain how data is stored on the surface of magnetic and optical
disks.
• Describe the different types of optical disks.
• Describe other kinds of secondary storage devices.
5. Memory
• “Memory
is the electronic or magnetic holding place for
instructions and data that our computer’s microprocessor can
reach quickly”
• In simple words we can say that
“memory is the power or remembering”
• Memory is used to store data and instructions.
6. Memory Types
• Two main types of memory
– Primary Memory
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
– Secondary Memory
• Magnetic Storage Media
• Optical Storage Media
9. Primary Memory
• It is also known as the main memory of
Computer.
• Temporary data store and stays in memory
until processing.
• There are two types of Primary:
– Random Access Memory
– Read only Memory
10. Random Access Memory
(RAM)
• A primary or main memory, which is also a Temporary memory.
• It installed in the form of chips on motherboard and link to directly
processor.
• It loses its data once the power is removed, so it is a volatile memory
• The computing system that it is used in usually stores data at various
locations to retrieve it latter from these locations.
• There are two types of RAM
– Dynamic Random Access Memory (D-RAM)
• SIPP (Single inline Pin Package)
• SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module)
• DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module)
– Static Random Access Memory (S-RAM)
11. Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Dynamic Random Access Memory (D-RAM)
• Most popular RAM and mostly use.
• Value must be refreshed many time in a second.
• Main purpose is to decrease the processing cost.
• Slower, Cheaper, easily available & require less
power.
• Static Random Access Memory (S-RAM)
• Not popular but faster than D-RAM.
• Not need to refresh hundreds of times in a second.
• Main purpose is to decrease the processing time.
• Much more expensive, and require more space and
power.
12. Read Only Memory (ROM)
• It also called BIOS (basic input/output of System)
• ROM is used for storing programs that are PERMENTLY.
• When power is removed from a ROM chip, the information is
not lost, so it is a nonvolatile type of memory
• User can not change the information, just read. So, it is
called Read only Memory.
• There are three types of ROM:
– Programmable Read only Memory (P-ROM)
– Erasable Programmable Read only Memory (EP-ROM)
– Electrically Erasable Programmable Read only Memory (EEP-ROM)
13. Types of ROM
• PROM – programmable ROM:
– Provide facility to change the content of
ROM once.
– When something written and saved on
PROM, it become ROM.
• EPROM – erasable ROM:
– Content can be written, save and change
two times.
• EEPROM – Electrically Erasable PROM:
– Content can be written, save and change
many times as programmer wish for that.
15. Secondary Memory
• It is also known as auxiliary memory or permanent memory of computer.
• The bulk of information is stored in the auxiliary memory.
• Storage devices hold data, even when the computer is turned off.
• It memory is cheap, so its size is more than primary memory.
• This memory holds the much larger amounts of dat.
• It is slower in data accessing speed, because it is magnetic in nature.
• Data is organized into files.
16. Secondary Memory
Magnetic Tape
Storage
Magnetic
Storage Media:
Hard Disk
Magnetic Disks
Storage
Floppy Disks
There are two types
of Secondary
Memory/Storage
Devices.
CR-ROM
Rewriteable
Optional Disk
Optical Storage
Media:
DVD-ROM
WORM Disk
Zip Disks
17. Secondary Memory
Magnetic Storage Media:
Magnetic
Tape
Storage
• Its look like the
music cassettes
with magnetic
coating.
• Provides
sequential access
• Information stored
in sequence
• It contain track, on
which
• data is stored.
• not provide easy
access to desired
data.
18. Secondary Memory
Magnetic
Disk Storage:
• Most popular medium of direct-access
secondary storage.
• Data read, write and change many time faster
then magnetic disk.
• Magnetic Disk is a thin, circular metal plate,
coated both sides with magnetic material.
19. Secondary Memory
• Types of Magnetic Disk Storage:
– Hard Disk
•
•
•
•
•
Long-term, nonvolatile storage
Large, inexpensive, slow level in the storage hierarchy
A magnetic disk consist of a collection of platters
Use thicker, metallic platters for storage
Faster than a floppy diskette
– Floppy Disk
•
•
•
•
Also known as Diskettes or floppies.
Introduced by IBM in 1972.
It is use to transfer small amount of data.
Floppy disk are lesser than the hard disk, because it
consist on one platter.
20. Secondary Memory
Optical Storage Media:
• CD-ROM (Compact Disk-read only memory):
– New storage media as compare to floppy disks.
– It can written once, and read many time.
– Optional Laser Disk Technology is used to read and write.
• Rewriteable Optical Disk:
– Magnetic and optical technologies are used together in this.
– It can read and write so many time.
– Its size is 5.25 inch and store up to 1GB of data.
• DVD-ROM Disk (Digital Versatile Disk ROM):
– It increase the storage capacity of data.
– It can store 2GB of data.
– It uses short waves length of LASER to read & Write data.
21. Secondary Memory
• WORM Disk:
– Worm stand for “write once read many”.
– It is a disk like CD-ROM, but can not store large amount of data.
– It can store up to 200GB of data.
• Zip Disk:
–
–
–
–
It is the combination of Optical and Magnetic technology.
It has 3.5 inch of size.
Its look like as a floppy disk.
We can not store a large amount of data.