Types of data and data sources.pdf
•
1 like•2,702 views
This document discusses data types and sources for research. It describes primary and secondary data, with secondary data being information collected previously for other studies. Secondary data sources can help with problem identification, hypothesis design, sampling, and validating primary research findings. Benefits of secondary data include resource and time savings, while drawbacks include potential lack of applicability or accuracy for the current study. The document also outlines internal sources like company records and external sources like government data, and stresses validating the methodology, accuracy, timeliness and cost of using secondary data.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Data Collection-Primary & Secondary
This presentation discusses primary and secondary data collection methods. It begins by defining primary data as original data collected specifically for the research purpose, such as through surveys and interviews. Secondary data refers to data previously collected by others, such as published sources. Both data types are useful but have tradeoffs - primary data directly addresses the research question while secondary data is easier to obtain but may not be specific. The presentation provides examples of primary and secondary data collection techniques and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
SECONDARY DATA
This document discusses secondary data - data originally collected by someone other than the user. It defines secondary data and lists common sources like censuses and government/organizational records. The purposes of secondary data are extracting relevant information, fact finding, model building, and data mining. Criteria for evaluating secondary data include specifications, error, currency, objectives, nature, and dependability. Secondary data is advantageous as it is economical, time saving, and helps focus primary data collection. However, disadvantages are that secondary data may not fit the research factors and accuracy is unknown. Secondary data can be used to identify problems, better define problems, develop research approaches, formulate research designs, and help interpret primary data.
Data Preparation and Processing
Validate data
Questionnaire checking
Edit acceptable questionnaires
Code the questionnaires
Keypunch the data
Clean the data set
Statistically adjust the data
Store the data set for analysis
Analyse data
Primary & Secondary Data
This document discusses primary and secondary data sources. It defines primary data as original data collected directly for the research project, while secondary data is data collected previously for another purpose. The document outlines advantages and disadvantages of both primary and secondary data. Primary data is more accurate but costly and time-consuming to collect, while secondary data is quicker and cheaper to obtain but may not be suitable or accurate for the research purpose. The document also categorizes different types of secondary data sources such as internal company data, published materials, computer databases, and syndicated services that collect standardized data from consumers or institutions.
Methods of data collection
This document discusses various methods of data collection. It describes primary data collection methods like personal interviews, questionnaires, and observation. It also discusses secondary data collection from published sources like government publications and commercial research, as well as unpublished sources. The key differences between primary and secondary data are described, such as primary data being real-time while secondary data is from the past. Popular data storage methods include databases, spreadsheets, and statistical programs. The document emphasizes that the best data collection method depends on the research problem and available resources.
Primary and Secondary Data collection - Ajay Anoj & Gokul
The document discusses primary and secondary sources of data collection for research. It defines primary data as data collected directly by the researcher for the purposes of the research project. Secondary data is defined as data that was previously collected by others. The document outlines various methods for collecting both primary and secondary data, including surveys, interviews, observation, and reviewing published sources. It also compares primary and secondary data and discusses best practices for selecting an appropriate data collection method based on factors like the research objective, availability of funds, and required precision.
PRIMARY & SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION
This document discusses primary and secondary data collection. It defines primary data as original data collected specifically for the current study, such as through surveys, experiments, or observations. Secondary data is data previously collected by someone else for another purpose, such as published reports or census data. Both primary and secondary data have advantages and disadvantages for research. Primary data allows targeted questions but is more expensive and time-consuming to collect, while secondary data is easier to obtain but may not be specific to the current study. Qualitative and quantitative research methods are discussed for primary data collection.
Research Methodology-Data Processing
Data processing involves 5 key steps: editing data, coding data, classifying data, tabulating data, and creating data diagrams. It transforms raw collected data into a usable format through these steps of cleaning, organizing, and analyzing the data. First, data is collected from sources and prepared by cleaning errors. It is then inputted and processed using algorithms before being output and interpreted in readable formats. Finally, the processed data is stored for future use and reports.
Recommended
Data Collection-Primary & Secondary
This presentation discusses primary and secondary data collection methods. It begins by defining primary data as original data collected specifically for the research purpose, such as through surveys and interviews. Secondary data refers to data previously collected by others, such as published sources. Both data types are useful but have tradeoffs - primary data directly addresses the research question while secondary data is easier to obtain but may not be specific. The presentation provides examples of primary and secondary data collection techniques and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
SECONDARY DATA
This document discusses secondary data - data originally collected by someone other than the user. It defines secondary data and lists common sources like censuses and government/organizational records. The purposes of secondary data are extracting relevant information, fact finding, model building, and data mining. Criteria for evaluating secondary data include specifications, error, currency, objectives, nature, and dependability. Secondary data is advantageous as it is economical, time saving, and helps focus primary data collection. However, disadvantages are that secondary data may not fit the research factors and accuracy is unknown. Secondary data can be used to identify problems, better define problems, develop research approaches, formulate research designs, and help interpret primary data.
Data Preparation and Processing
Validate data
Questionnaire checking
Edit acceptable questionnaires
Code the questionnaires
Keypunch the data
Clean the data set
Statistically adjust the data
Store the data set for analysis
Analyse data
Primary & Secondary Data
This document discusses primary and secondary data sources. It defines primary data as original data collected directly for the research project, while secondary data is data collected previously for another purpose. The document outlines advantages and disadvantages of both primary and secondary data. Primary data is more accurate but costly and time-consuming to collect, while secondary data is quicker and cheaper to obtain but may not be suitable or accurate for the research purpose. The document also categorizes different types of secondary data sources such as internal company data, published materials, computer databases, and syndicated services that collect standardized data from consumers or institutions.
Methods of data collection
This document discusses various methods of data collection. It describes primary data collection methods like personal interviews, questionnaires, and observation. It also discusses secondary data collection from published sources like government publications and commercial research, as well as unpublished sources. The key differences between primary and secondary data are described, such as primary data being real-time while secondary data is from the past. Popular data storage methods include databases, spreadsheets, and statistical programs. The document emphasizes that the best data collection method depends on the research problem and available resources.
Primary and Secondary Data collection - Ajay Anoj & Gokul
The document discusses primary and secondary sources of data collection for research. It defines primary data as data collected directly by the researcher for the purposes of the research project. Secondary data is defined as data that was previously collected by others. The document outlines various methods for collecting both primary and secondary data, including surveys, interviews, observation, and reviewing published sources. It also compares primary and secondary data and discusses best practices for selecting an appropriate data collection method based on factors like the research objective, availability of funds, and required precision.
PRIMARY & SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION
This document discusses primary and secondary data collection. It defines primary data as original data collected specifically for the current study, such as through surveys, experiments, or observations. Secondary data is data previously collected by someone else for another purpose, such as published reports or census data. Both primary and secondary data have advantages and disadvantages for research. Primary data allows targeted questions but is more expensive and time-consuming to collect, while secondary data is easier to obtain but may not be specific to the current study. Qualitative and quantitative research methods are discussed for primary data collection.
Research Methodology-Data Processing
Data processing involves 5 key steps: editing data, coding data, classifying data, tabulating data, and creating data diagrams. It transforms raw collected data into a usable format through these steps of cleaning, organizing, and analyzing the data. First, data is collected from sources and prepared by cleaning errors. It is then inputted and processed using algorithms before being output and interpreted in readable formats. Finally, the processed data is stored for future use and reports.
Methods of data collection
Data are numerical facts collected systematically for research purposes. Economists study phenomena and draw conclusions from collected data. There are two main sources of information: primary and secondary data. Primary data involves collecting original data directly from sources for a specific research purpose, such as through observation, interviews, questionnaires, or schedules. Secondary data refers to data that was originally collected by someone else for another purpose and has been published, such as government publications, journals, or reports.
Data and its Types
This document discusses different types of data including:
- Qualitative data which describes attributes that can be observed but not computed, and quantitative data which can be measured numerically.
- Primary data is collected first-hand for a specific purpose, while secondary data has already been collected in the past.
- Discrete data takes only certain values, while continuous data can take any value in a range.
Nature, Scope, Functions and Limitations of Statistics
This document defines statistics and discusses its uses and limitations. Statistics is defined as the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data in a systematic and accurate manner to draw valid inferences. It is used in business and management for marketing, production, finance, banking, investment, purchasing, accounting, and control. While statistics is useful for simplifying complex data and facilitating comparison, it has limitations in that it only examines quantitative aspects on average, not individuals, and statistical results may not be exact.
Sources of primary data
Primary data is collected directly by the researcher through methods like observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. Observation can be structured, unstructured, participant, non-participant, controlled, or uncontrolled. Interviews can be personal, telephone-based, structured, unstructured, focused, clinical, or non-directive. Questionnaires are effective when respondents are educated and cooperative but have a low response rate. Schedules require enumerators to ask respondents questions from a form and record their answers.
Methods of data collection
The document discusses methods of collecting data for research. It describes primary data collection methods like observation, interviewing, surveys, and experimentation which involve directly collecting unpublished data from original sources. Secondary data collection methods involve using already published data for research purposes and include sources like census reports, company annual reports, and reports from government departments and international organizations. Both primary and secondary data have advantages and limitations for research. The choice of data collection method depends on the specific needs and conditions of the study.
Data collection presentation
Data collection - Statistical data are a numerical statement of aggregates. Data, generally, are obtained through properly organized statistical inquiries conducted by the investigators. Data can either be from primary or secondary sources.
Data analysis and Presentation
This document outlines the key steps in the data preparation process:
1. Check questionnaires for completeness and logical responses
2. Edit data to ensure consistency, correct errors, and fill in missing values
3. Code data by assigning numerical values to question responses
4. Clean data by identifying outliers and inconsistencies to improve data quality
Data Collection (Methods/ Tools/ Techniques), Primary & Secondary Data, Quali...
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at___ https://healthkura.com
Data Collection (Methods/ Tools/ Techniques), Primary & Secondary Data, Assessment of Qualitative Data, Qualitative & Quantitative Data, Data Processing
Presentation Contents:
- Introduction to data
- Classification of data
- Collection of data
- Methods of data collection
- Assessment of qualitative data
- Processing of data
- Editing
- Coding
- Tabulation
- Graphical representation
If anyone is really interested about research related topics particularly on data collection, this presentation will be the best reference.
For Further Reading
- Biostatistics by Prem P. Panta
- Fundamentals of Research Methodology and Statistics by Yogesh k. Singh
- Research Design by J. W. Creswell
- Internet
Data collection
This document discusses various methods and instruments for collecting data in research studies. It begins by defining data and explaining why data collection is important. It then covers primary and secondary sources of data, as well as internal and external sources. The main methods of collecting primary data discussed are direct personal investigation through interviews, indirect oral investigation, case studies, measurements, and observation. Secondary data sources include published and unpublished sources. The document also discusses self-reported data collection methods like surveys, interviews, and questionnaires. Other methods covered include document review, focus groups, and observation. Mixed methods are also briefly discussed.
Collection of data
This document defines key terms related to data collection and research methods. It discusses what constitutes primary and secondary data, as well as the advantages of each. Primary data is gathered directly from original sources like individuals, groups, documents, and objects, while secondary data is collected from secondary sources like published books and articles. The document also outlines different categories of data that can be collected from respondents, including facts, attitudes, judgements, and test results. Finally, it lists several research instruments and tools that can be used to gather data, such as questionnaires, interviews, observations, and mechanical devices like microscopes.
Methods of data collection
There are various methods for collecting primary and secondary data. Primary data collection methods include observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. Secondary data refers to previously collected data that is analyzed and available for use in other studies. Factors to consider when selecting a data collection method include the nature, scope, and objective of the research, available funds and time, and required precision.
different methods of data collection : Merits and Demerits
This document discusses different methods of data collection in research. It defines data and research and outlines the typical steps in a research process. The main methods of data collection discussed are observation, questionnaires, interviews, schedules, and case studies. For each method, the document describes the sub-types, merits, and demerits. It finds that primary data collection through methods like observation and interviews can provide in-depth insights but are more resource-intensive, while secondary data and questionnaires allow broad coverage but require adjustment and have response biases. Overall, the best method depends on the research objective and available resources.
Introduction to statistics
Statistics can be defined in both a singular and plural sense. In the singular sense, it refers to statistical methods for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data. In the plural sense, it refers to the actual numerical facts or data collected. Statistics involves systematically collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data to describe features and characteristics. It allows for comparing facts, establishing relationships, and facilitating policymaking and decision making. However, statistics only studies aggregates and averages, not individual cases, and results are true only on average. It also requires properly contextualizing and referencing results.
Business Research Process
The document outlines the key steps of the research process: 1) identifying a problem or management dilemma, 2) developing a research proposal, 3) designing the research through sampling, instruments, and data collection methods, 4) collecting primary and secondary data, and 5) analyzing and interpreting the data. It emphasizes that each step builds upon the previous one and that pilot testing instruments is important for identifying and addressing issues before full data collection. The overall process moves from broadly defining a research problem to gathering specific data to answer the research questions.
Research process
The document outlines the seven steps of the research process: 1) defining the research problem, 2) reviewing literature, 3) formulating hypotheses, 4) preparing the research design, 5) data collection, 6) data analysis, and 7) interpretation and report writing. It then focuses on defining the research problem, which is the first step. It discusses identifying the research problem, guidelines for finding a research question, sources of problems, criteria for selection, and techniques for identifying the specific research problem through inductive and deductive reasoning.
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
The document defines and describes various types of data analysis techniques:
- Descriptive statistics summarize and describe data through methods like frequency distributions and descriptive graphs.
- Bivariate analysis examines the relationship between two variables.
- Multivariate analysis studies more than two variables simultaneously.
- Comparative analysis examines similarities and differences between alternatives.
- Evaluation assesses subjects using defined criteria to aid decision making.
Data processing, editing and coding
tribhuvan University
M.A population Studies
Research methods for population analysis
Data Processing, editing and coding
if any mistakes, suggest me to improve it.
thank you
hope its useful for all :)
Source of Data in Research
This document discusses primary and secondary data collection techniques. Primary data is originally collected for the specific research purpose, through surveys, interviews, or observations. It is more reliable but costly and time-consuming to collect. Secondary data is previously collected data that is reused for another purpose, sourced from publications, websites, or databases. It is cheaper and faster to obtain but less targeted to the research questions. Both data types have advantages and disadvantages for research.
Methods of data collection
This document discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data. It describes observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules as the main methods for collecting primary data. It provides details on the types, advantages, and disadvantages of each method. It also discusses other techniques like surveys, audits, and panels. For secondary data, it notes that this involves using already available data from sources like governments, organizations, and past research. The key methods are summarized in 3 sentences or less.
Sources of Secondary Data Collection
Sources of Secondary Data Collection...for doing marketing research by researcher for the growth of organization
Ch.5 ppt
This document discusses secondary data collection methods for research. It defines secondary data as previously collected information that is not specific to the current research objectives. Secondary data sources can be internal sources like company records or external sources like government publications, non-government publications, computerized databases, and syndicated data sources. It notes that secondary data has benefits like being a resource-efficient way to gain information, but also drawbacks like the data not always being directly applicable to the new research objectives. The document provides examples of various secondary data sources and how they can be used in research.
Survey data collection_assignment
This document provides an overview of secondary data collection methods. It defines secondary data as data that has already been collected and analyzed by others. The purposes of secondary data include extracting relevant information from other sources, fact finding, and model building. Some key advantages of secondary data are that it saves costs, time, and effort since the data already exists. Sources of secondary data can be internal sources from within an organization or external sources from outside organizations like the government, newspapers, books, and commercial data firms. The document discusses factors to consider with secondary data like availability, relevance, reliability, adequacy, and accuracy. It provides an example of how to map secondary data sources in a literature review.
More Related Content
What's hot
Methods of data collection
Data are numerical facts collected systematically for research purposes. Economists study phenomena and draw conclusions from collected data. There are two main sources of information: primary and secondary data. Primary data involves collecting original data directly from sources for a specific research purpose, such as through observation, interviews, questionnaires, or schedules. Secondary data refers to data that was originally collected by someone else for another purpose and has been published, such as government publications, journals, or reports.
Data and its Types
This document discusses different types of data including:
- Qualitative data which describes attributes that can be observed but not computed, and quantitative data which can be measured numerically.
- Primary data is collected first-hand for a specific purpose, while secondary data has already been collected in the past.
- Discrete data takes only certain values, while continuous data can take any value in a range.
Nature, Scope, Functions and Limitations of Statistics
This document defines statistics and discusses its uses and limitations. Statistics is defined as the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data in a systematic and accurate manner to draw valid inferences. It is used in business and management for marketing, production, finance, banking, investment, purchasing, accounting, and control. While statistics is useful for simplifying complex data and facilitating comparison, it has limitations in that it only examines quantitative aspects on average, not individuals, and statistical results may not be exact.
Sources of primary data
Primary data is collected directly by the researcher through methods like observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. Observation can be structured, unstructured, participant, non-participant, controlled, or uncontrolled. Interviews can be personal, telephone-based, structured, unstructured, focused, clinical, or non-directive. Questionnaires are effective when respondents are educated and cooperative but have a low response rate. Schedules require enumerators to ask respondents questions from a form and record their answers.
Methods of data collection
The document discusses methods of collecting data for research. It describes primary data collection methods like observation, interviewing, surveys, and experimentation which involve directly collecting unpublished data from original sources. Secondary data collection methods involve using already published data for research purposes and include sources like census reports, company annual reports, and reports from government departments and international organizations. Both primary and secondary data have advantages and limitations for research. The choice of data collection method depends on the specific needs and conditions of the study.
Data collection presentation
Data collection - Statistical data are a numerical statement of aggregates. Data, generally, are obtained through properly organized statistical inquiries conducted by the investigators. Data can either be from primary or secondary sources.
Data analysis and Presentation
This document outlines the key steps in the data preparation process:
1. Check questionnaires for completeness and logical responses
2. Edit data to ensure consistency, correct errors, and fill in missing values
3. Code data by assigning numerical values to question responses
4. Clean data by identifying outliers and inconsistencies to improve data quality
Data Collection (Methods/ Tools/ Techniques), Primary & Secondary Data, Quali...
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at___ https://healthkura.com
Data Collection (Methods/ Tools/ Techniques), Primary & Secondary Data, Assessment of Qualitative Data, Qualitative & Quantitative Data, Data Processing
Presentation Contents:
- Introduction to data
- Classification of data
- Collection of data
- Methods of data collection
- Assessment of qualitative data
- Processing of data
- Editing
- Coding
- Tabulation
- Graphical representation
If anyone is really interested about research related topics particularly on data collection, this presentation will be the best reference.
For Further Reading
- Biostatistics by Prem P. Panta
- Fundamentals of Research Methodology and Statistics by Yogesh k. Singh
- Research Design by J. W. Creswell
- Internet
Data collection
This document discusses various methods and instruments for collecting data in research studies. It begins by defining data and explaining why data collection is important. It then covers primary and secondary sources of data, as well as internal and external sources. The main methods of collecting primary data discussed are direct personal investigation through interviews, indirect oral investigation, case studies, measurements, and observation. Secondary data sources include published and unpublished sources. The document also discusses self-reported data collection methods like surveys, interviews, and questionnaires. Other methods covered include document review, focus groups, and observation. Mixed methods are also briefly discussed.
Collection of data
This document defines key terms related to data collection and research methods. It discusses what constitutes primary and secondary data, as well as the advantages of each. Primary data is gathered directly from original sources like individuals, groups, documents, and objects, while secondary data is collected from secondary sources like published books and articles. The document also outlines different categories of data that can be collected from respondents, including facts, attitudes, judgements, and test results. Finally, it lists several research instruments and tools that can be used to gather data, such as questionnaires, interviews, observations, and mechanical devices like microscopes.
Methods of data collection
There are various methods for collecting primary and secondary data. Primary data collection methods include observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. Secondary data refers to previously collected data that is analyzed and available for use in other studies. Factors to consider when selecting a data collection method include the nature, scope, and objective of the research, available funds and time, and required precision.
different methods of data collection : Merits and Demerits
This document discusses different methods of data collection in research. It defines data and research and outlines the typical steps in a research process. The main methods of data collection discussed are observation, questionnaires, interviews, schedules, and case studies. For each method, the document describes the sub-types, merits, and demerits. It finds that primary data collection through methods like observation and interviews can provide in-depth insights but are more resource-intensive, while secondary data and questionnaires allow broad coverage but require adjustment and have response biases. Overall, the best method depends on the research objective and available resources.
Introduction to statistics
Statistics can be defined in both a singular and plural sense. In the singular sense, it refers to statistical methods for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data. In the plural sense, it refers to the actual numerical facts or data collected. Statistics involves systematically collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data to describe features and characteristics. It allows for comparing facts, establishing relationships, and facilitating policymaking and decision making. However, statistics only studies aggregates and averages, not individual cases, and results are true only on average. It also requires properly contextualizing and referencing results.
Business Research Process
The document outlines the key steps of the research process: 1) identifying a problem or management dilemma, 2) developing a research proposal, 3) designing the research through sampling, instruments, and data collection methods, 4) collecting primary and secondary data, and 5) analyzing and interpreting the data. It emphasizes that each step builds upon the previous one and that pilot testing instruments is important for identifying and addressing issues before full data collection. The overall process moves from broadly defining a research problem to gathering specific data to answer the research questions.
Research process
The document outlines the seven steps of the research process: 1) defining the research problem, 2) reviewing literature, 3) formulating hypotheses, 4) preparing the research design, 5) data collection, 6) data analysis, and 7) interpretation and report writing. It then focuses on defining the research problem, which is the first step. It discusses identifying the research problem, guidelines for finding a research question, sources of problems, criteria for selection, and techniques for identifying the specific research problem through inductive and deductive reasoning.
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
The document defines and describes various types of data analysis techniques:
- Descriptive statistics summarize and describe data through methods like frequency distributions and descriptive graphs.
- Bivariate analysis examines the relationship between two variables.
- Multivariate analysis studies more than two variables simultaneously.
- Comparative analysis examines similarities and differences between alternatives.
- Evaluation assesses subjects using defined criteria to aid decision making.
Data processing, editing and coding
tribhuvan University
M.A population Studies
Research methods for population analysis
Data Processing, editing and coding
if any mistakes, suggest me to improve it.
thank you
hope its useful for all :)
Source of Data in Research
This document discusses primary and secondary data collection techniques. Primary data is originally collected for the specific research purpose, through surveys, interviews, or observations. It is more reliable but costly and time-consuming to collect. Secondary data is previously collected data that is reused for another purpose, sourced from publications, websites, or databases. It is cheaper and faster to obtain but less targeted to the research questions. Both data types have advantages and disadvantages for research.
Methods of data collection
This document discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data. It describes observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules as the main methods for collecting primary data. It provides details on the types, advantages, and disadvantages of each method. It also discusses other techniques like surveys, audits, and panels. For secondary data, it notes that this involves using already available data from sources like governments, organizations, and past research. The key methods are summarized in 3 sentences or less.
Sources of Secondary Data Collection
Sources of Secondary Data Collection...for doing marketing research by researcher for the growth of organization
What's hot (20)
Nature, Scope, Functions and Limitations of Statistics
Nature, Scope, Functions and Limitations of Statistics
Data Collection (Methods/ Tools/ Techniques), Primary & Secondary Data, Quali...
Data Collection (Methods/ Tools/ Techniques), Primary & Secondary Data, Quali...
different methods of data collection : Merits and Demerits
different methods of data collection : Merits and Demerits
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
Similar to Types of data and data sources.pdf
Ch.5 ppt
This document discusses secondary data collection methods for research. It defines secondary data as previously collected information that is not specific to the current research objectives. Secondary data sources can be internal sources like company records or external sources like government publications, non-government publications, computerized databases, and syndicated data sources. It notes that secondary data has benefits like being a resource-efficient way to gain information, but also drawbacks like the data not always being directly applicable to the new research objectives. The document provides examples of various secondary data sources and how they can be used in research.
Survey data collection_assignment
This document provides an overview of secondary data collection methods. It defines secondary data as data that has already been collected and analyzed by others. The purposes of secondary data include extracting relevant information from other sources, fact finding, and model building. Some key advantages of secondary data are that it saves costs, time, and effort since the data already exists. Sources of secondary data can be internal sources from within an organization or external sources from outside organizations like the government, newspapers, books, and commercial data firms. The document discusses factors to consider with secondary data like availability, relevance, reliability, adequacy, and accuracy. It provides an example of how to map secondary data sources in a literature review.
Final ppt sec.data.coll
This document discusses secondary data collection and provides classifications of different types of secondary data sources. It begins by defining secondary data as information previously collected for other purposes that can be relevant to the current research problem. It then categorizes secondary data sources as internal or external. External sources include published materials like census data, government publications, indexes, guides and directories. They also include computerized databases that are online, offline, full-text, numeric, special-purpose or bibliographic. Syndicated services and international sources are also outlined. Throughout, advantages and limitations of secondary data are noted.
Secondary data collection
Secondary data refers to data that was originally collected by other researchers, institutions, or agencies for purposes other than the current research problem. The researcher can obtain secondary data from internal organizational sources or published external sources like reports and journals. While secondary data can help answer research questions, it may need to be processed and modified since the original context and purpose may have changed. Sources of secondary data include documents, surveys, data from multiple sources, and time series or area-based data. Examples are censuses, continuous surveys, ad hoc surveys, organizational databases, media accounts, and published statistics.
Business Research Methods. problem definition literature review and qualitati...
Business Research Methods. problem definition literature review and qualitati...Ahsan Khan Eco (Superior College)
Dr. Muhammad Ramzan
mramzaninfo@gmail.com,
03004487844
Ahsan Khan Eco
ahsankhaneco@yahoo.com
03008046243( research mythology)
Data can be quantitative or qualitative values of variables, such as numbers, images, words, or ideas. There are two types of data: primary and secondary. Primary data is originally collected for the specific purpose, while secondary data was previously collected for another purpose. The purpose of data collection is to obtain information to make decisions, keep records, and share information with others. Some advantages of secondary data are that it already exists so it takes less time and effort, and can cover a wider range if the source is reliable. However, the accuracy may be questionable as the researcher did not control its selection, quality or collection methods.
Secondary data collection.mjm
Secondary data is data that was collected by someone else for another purpose. It can save time and costs compared to primary data collection, but may not be suitable for the current research purpose if it is outdated or does not meet the study requirements. Secondary data comes from internal sources like sales records, marketing activities, and costs within a company, or external sources like the internet, published reports, and standardized industry data. While secondary data has benefits like lower costs, it also has limitations in that the researcher did not collect it themselves so they may not know about errors or gaps in coverage for their specific needs.
Exploratory research design secondary data
Secondary data are data that were collected for purposes other than the current research problem. There are two main types: internal secondary data that come from within an organization, and external secondary data from external published sources. Secondary data can help identify and define research problems, develop research designs, and interpret primary data. When evaluating secondary data, researchers consider criteria like the methodology, accuracy, currency, objectives, nature, and dependability of the data. Common sources of secondary data include published materials, computer databases, syndicated services, and internal records.
Application of Secondary Data in Epidemiological Study, Design Protocol and S...
Application of Secondary Data in Epidemiological Study, Design Protocol and S...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
This document provides an overview of secondary data analysis in epidemiological studies. It discusses the sources and types of secondary data, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using secondary data. The document also outlines the steps involved in secondary data analysis, including determining the research question, locating and evaluating relevant data sources, and analyzing the data. Additionally, it provides guidelines for designing secondary data analysis protocols and conducting statistical analysis of secondary data, including addressing biases through techniques like propensity score matching and sensitivity analysis.WEEK2-S2 (2).pptx
1. The document discusses primary and secondary data, methods of data collection, and data classification.
2. Primary data is original data collected directly by researchers, while secondary data was previously collected by others. Primary data collection methods include surveys, interviews, and experiments, while secondary data comes from existing sources like publications and records.
3. Data classification organizes data into categories to aid usage and protection, with the goals of making data easily retrievable, meeting compliance requirements, and increasing awareness of data sensitivity.
datacollectionpresentation-140428135118-phpapp02.pdf
Data can be quantitative or qualitative values that are collected from various sources. There are two main types of data sources: internal sources which are from within an organization, and external sources which are outside. External data can be primary data collected directly from original research, or secondary data that has already been collected for other purposes. Primary data collection methods include surveys, interviews, and observations, while secondary data comes from published sources like reports and unpublished sources. The main difference between primary and secondary data is that primary data involves direct collection while secondary data has already been collected previously.
DATA COLLECTION METHODS PRESENTATION ( EMMANUEL SIAW OKAI).pdf
This document provides an overview of data collection methods for research. It discusses primary and secondary sources of data, as well as various methods for collecting each type. For secondary data, common sources include published books, articles, and online sources. Primary data is collected directly by the researcher through methods like surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, and case studies. Both primary and secondary data collection have benefits like saving time and money, but also drawbacks like inappropriate or incomplete data. The document concludes with examples of structured interviews and questionnaires that could be used for primary data collection.
Accessing Secondary Data A Literature Review
This document provides an overview of secondary data and its use in marketing research. It discusses:
1) Secondary data refers to data that was previously collected by others for different purposes and is now being used for a new study. It can help extract relevant information, support fact-finding and model building, and identify additional sources.
2) When using secondary data, researchers must assess whether the data is suitable and sufficient to answer their research questions. This may involve sorting the data to focus on specific themes or topics.
3) Secondary data has advantages like being less expensive and time-consuming than primary data. However, researchers must evaluate whether the secondary data provides enough pertinent details and depth for their analysis.
RESEARCH METHODALOGY.pptx
This document discusses different types of research data. It defines primary data as original data collected directly by the researcher. Secondary data is already collected data that others have gathered previously. The document outlines common ways to collect primary data like surveys and interviews. Graphical representations of data are also discussed as visual ways to understand statistical problems like line graphs, bar graphs, pie charts, and histograms. In conclusion, the key difference between primary and secondary data is that primary data is original while secondary data has already been collected by others.
Evans berman chapter_04
This chapter discusses the importance of marketing information for decision making. It explains that a marketing information system collects, analyzes, and stores both internal and external data on an ongoing basis. The chapter also describes the marketing research process, which involves defining problems, examining secondary data, collecting and analyzing primary data, developing recommendations, and implementing findings. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are used to gather comprehensive and reliable marketing intelligence.
Research design ppt (1)
The document discusses research design and the use of secondary data in research. It defines research design as a framework that details procedures for collecting, measuring, and analyzing information to structure business research problems. A good research design typically includes selecting a design type, identifying needed information, specifying measurement and scaling, and determining data collection and analysis methods. The document also discusses exploratory research design and the advantages and disadvantages of using secondary data sources.
Data Collection & Analysis
The document discusses considerations for data collection plans including objectives, scope, sources, methods, units of measurement, and accuracy levels. It defines primary and secondary data, as well as qualitative and quantitative data. Sources of primary data include interviews, questionnaires, and observation, while published/unpublished sources and databases are sources of secondary data. Secondary data has advantages like being easy to generalize from, economical, and quick, but reliability can be difficult to determine and inherent limitations may exist. Questionnaires should be clearly written following principles like being precise, unbiased, and pilot tested.
Group_1_Secondary_data_in_digital_Age.pptx
Secondary data research involves analyzing existing data collected by others rather than primary data collected by the researcher. Secondary data has increased with large electronic databases and the internet. It is used for background research, identifying trends, and fact-finding. The advantages are easy availability, low cost, and breadth of data. Disadvantages include lack of specificity, outdatedness, and variation in definitions. Researchers must evaluate if the secondary data applies to their research questions, population, and time period. Objectives of secondary research include fact-finding, database marketing, and model building like forecasting sales. Sources include internal organizational data, government data, trade associations, commercial databases, and panel data tracking consumer behavior over time.
Similar to Types of data and data sources.pdf (20)
Business Research Methods. problem definition literature review and qualitati...
Business Research Methods. problem definition literature review and qualitati...
Application of Secondary Data in Epidemiological Study, Design Protocol and S...
Application of Secondary Data in Epidemiological Study, Design Protocol and S...
datacollectionpresentation-140428135118-phpapp02.pdf
datacollectionpresentation-140428135118-phpapp02.pdf
DATA COLLECTION METHODS PRESENTATION ( EMMANUEL SIAW OKAI).pdf
DATA COLLECTION METHODS PRESENTATION ( EMMANUEL SIAW OKAI).pdf
More from ayushi1306
BRM ALL PPTS.pdf
This document provides an overview of business research methods. It discusses what business research is, the importance and objectives of research, and different types of research including descriptive, exploratory, applied, and basic research. It also outlines the stages of the research process including defining objectives, research design, sampling, data collection, analysis, and reporting. Finally, it discusses problem formulation and identifying the appropriate unit and variables for analysis.
Qualitative research methods.pdf
Qualitative methods explore unconscious constructs through loosely structured techniques like observation, interviews, focus groups and content analysis. These methods provide in-depth data on phenomena not apparent in quantitative methods. Observation can be standardized or unstructured, and involve participating or non-participating roles. Content analysis breaks communications into analyzable units. Focus groups involve discussions among 8-12 homogeneous strangers moderated by a facilitator. Personal interviews collect primary data through structured or unstructured one-on-one interactions. Projective techniques use indirect questioning through ambiguous stimuli.
Chapter-13-14.pdf
This document discusses various methods of attitude measurement and scaling. It defines measurement as assigning numbers or symbols to characteristics of objects. Scaling extends measurement by creating a continuum on which measurements are located. There are different types of measurement scales including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Attitude is defined as a disposition to respond consistently to the world and has affective, cognitive and behavioral components. Various methods are presented for measuring attitudes including single and multiple item scales, comparative scales using paired comparisons or rankings, non-comparative scales, and semantic differential or Likert scales. Good measurement considers reliability, validity and sensitivity.
chapter-16 Sampling considerations.pdf
This document discusses sampling concepts and methods. It defines key terms like population, element, sampling frame, sample, and sampling unit. It describes the difference between probability and non-probability sampling designs. Probability designs include simple random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling. Non-probability designs include convenience sampling and judgmental sampling. The document also covers sampling error versus non-sampling error and factors to consider when determining sample size like variability, confidence level, and margin of error. Sample size formulas are provided for estimating population means and proportions.
Chapter-1.pdf
This document provides an overview of business research. It defines business research as applying the scientific method to investigate business phenomena. The key purposes of business research are effective decision making, understanding changing business environments, exploring new opportunities and problems. There are different types of research including descriptive, exploratory, causal, and applied. Applied business research addresses specific business decisions, while basic research expands general knowledge without addressing a specific problem. The stages of research are defining objectives, designing research, sampling, collecting and analyzing data, formulating conclusions, and reporting results. Research has value in all stages of decision making and strategy development for organizations.
Chapter-7.pdf
This document discusses different types of research designs used in business research. It describes exploratory research design as the most flexible and loosely structured design used to explore and gain clarity on a problem. Qualitative research focuses on in-depth understanding through techniques like interviews without numerical measurements. Descriptive research provides comprehensive explanations of phenomena through structured techniques like surveys of large samples. Conclusive research tests propositions using quantitative methods like cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
Chapter-6.pdf
This document discusses the process of formulating a research problem from an initial management decision problem. It explains that through discussions with experts, reviewing literature, and qualitative surveys, the management problem can be translated into clear research objectives and variables. Key steps include determining the appropriate unit of analysis, variables to study, statement of objectives, and formulation of hypotheses. The end goal is a well-defined research proposal that identifies the question or gap to be examined.
BRM -Course Outline 2021-2023 Batch.pdf
1. This document outlines the details of the Business Research Methods course offered in Term III of the 2021-2023 MBA program.
2. The course aims to impart skills for conducting and using scientific research to reduce risk and provide reliable information for decision making in business.
3. Over the 15 sessions, students will learn about research design, data collection methods, statistical analysis techniques, and communicating findings through assessments including quizzes, assignments, and a term-end exam.
Chapter-15 Questionnaire design.pdf
The document discusses the design of questionnaires, including formalized versus non-formalized questionnaires, concealed versus unconcealed questionnaires, and the six-step process for designing questionnaires which includes determining research objectives, question content, types of questions, design criteria, structure, and written presentation with coding.
More from ayushi1306 (9)
Recently uploaded
TIMES BPO: Business Plan For Startup Industry
Starting a business is like embarking on an unpredictable adventure. It’s a journey filled with highs and lows, victories and defeats. But what if I told you that those setbacks and failures could be the very stepping stones that lead you to fortune? Let’s explore how resilience, adaptability, and strategic thinking can transform adversity into opportunity.
2024-6-01-IMPACTSilver-Corp-Presentation.pdf
IMPACT Silver is a pure silver zinc producer with over $260 million in revenue since 2008 and a large 100% owned 210km Mexico land package - 2024 catalysts includes new 14% grade zinc Plomosas mine and 20,000m of fully funded exploration drilling.
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Taste
Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
Business storytelling: key ingredients to a story
Storytelling is an incredibly valuable tool to share data and information. To get the most impact from stories there are a number of key ingredients. These are based on science and human nature. Using these elements in a story you can deliver information impactfully, ensure action and drive change.
Best Forex Brokers Comparison in INDIA 2024
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...
Nathalie zal delen hoe DEI en ESG een fundamentele rol kunnen spelen in je merkstrategie en je de juiste aansluiting kan creëren met je doelgroep. Door middel van voorbeelden en simpele handvatten toont ze hoe dit in jouw organisatie toegepast kan worden.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdown
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
Garments ERP Software in Bangladesh _ Pridesys IT Ltd.pdf
Pridesys Garments ERP is one of the leading ERP solution provider, especially for Garments industries which is integrated with
different modules that cover all the aspects of your Garments Business. This solution supports multi-currency and multi-location
based operations. It aims at keeping track of all the activities including receiving an order from buyer, costing of order, resource
planning, procurement of raw materials, production management, inventory management, import-export process, order
reconciliation process etc. It’s also integrated with other modules of Pridesys ERP including finance, accounts, HR, supply-chain etc.
With this automated solution you can easily track your business activities and entire operations of your garments manufacturing
proces
Digital Marketing with a Focus on Sustainability
Digital Marketing best practices including influencer marketing, content creators, and omnichannel marketing for Sustainable Brands at the Sustainable Cosmetics Summit 2024 in New York
Digital Transformation Frameworks: Driving Digital Excellence
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
Cover Story - China's Investment Leader - Dr. Alyce SU
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
Profiles of Iconic Fashion Personalities.pdf
The fashion industry is dynamic and ever-changing, continuously sculpted by trailblazing visionaries who challenge norms and redefine beauty. This document delves into the profiles of some of the most iconic fashion personalities whose impact has left a lasting impression on the industry. From timeless designers to modern-day influencers, each individual has uniquely woven their thread into the rich fabric of fashion history, contributing to its ongoing evolution.
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Fin...
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Fin...❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Kalyan Satta Matka Guessing Matka Result Main Bazar chart
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Final ank Satta Matka Dpbos Final ank Satta Matta Matka 143 Kalyan Matka Guessing Final Matka Final ank Today Matka 420 Satta Batta Satta 143 Kalyan Chart Main Bazar Chart vip Matka Guessing Dpboss 143 Guessing Kalyan night DearbornMusic-KatherineJasperFullSailUni
My powerpoint presentation for my Music Retail and Distribution class at Full Sail University
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666
Stone Art Hub offers the best competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai, ensuring affordability without compromising quality. With a wide range of exquisite marble options to choose from, you can enhance your spaces with elegance and sophistication. For inquiries or orders, contact us at ☎ 9928909666. Experience luxury at unbeatable prices.
Sustainable Logistics for Cost Reduction_ IPLTech Electric's Eco-Friendly Tra...
Sustainable Logistics for Cost Reduction_ IPLTech Electric's Eco-Friendly Transport Solution
Recently uploaded (20)
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Taste
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Taste
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...
Registered-Establishment-List-in-Uttarakhand-pdf.pdf
Registered-Establishment-List-in-Uttarakhand-pdf.pdf
Garments ERP Software in Bangladesh _ Pridesys IT Ltd.pdf
Garments ERP Software in Bangladesh _ Pridesys IT Ltd.pdf
Digital Transformation Frameworks: Driving Digital Excellence
Digital Transformation Frameworks: Driving Digital Excellence
Cover Story - China's Investment Leader - Dr. Alyce SU
Cover Story - China's Investment Leader - Dr. Alyce SU
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Fin...
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Fin...
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666
Sustainable Logistics for Cost Reduction_ IPLTech Electric's Eco-Friendly Tra...
Sustainable Logistics for Cost Reduction_ IPLTech Electric's Eco-Friendly Tra...
Types of data and data sources.pdf
- 1. Chapter -5 DATA TYPES AND SOURCES TEXT BOOK: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY-CHAWLA D., SONDHI N.
- 2. SOURCES OF DATA DATA SOURCES SECONDARY METHODS PRIMARY METHODS INTERNAL EXTERNAL Fully Processed Need Further Analysis Syndicated Sources Electronic Database Published
- 3. CLASSIFICATION OF DATA Primary data is original, problem or project specific and collected for the specific objectives and needs spelt out by the researcher. The authenticity and relevance is reasonably high. Secondary data is information that is not topical or research specific and has been collected and compiled by some other researcher or investigative body. It is recorded and published in a structured format.
- 4. USES OF SECONDARY DATA Problem identification and formulation stage: past data and information on the topic under study. Can be extremely useful in developing a conceptual framework for investigation. Hypotheses designing: earlier work done on the topic and market data as well as industry trends and market facts. Could help in developing assumptions that can be translated into testable hypotheses for the study. Sampling considerations: respondent-related databases are important sources of respondent statistics and relevant contact details. Primary base: can be used to design questionnaires for the primary study. Validation and authentication board: earlier records and studies as well as data pools. Can also be used to support or validate the information collected through primary sources.
- 5. BENEFITS OF SECONDARY DATA Resource advantage Accessibility of data Accuracy and stability of data Assessment of data
- 6. DRAWBACKS OF SECONDARY DATA Applicability of data: the purpose for which the information was earlier collected was unique to that study and thus the information might not be absolutely applicable or relevant for the current study objective. Accuracy of data: the source and data credibility is a serious issue of concern when using past data and records.
- 7. AUTHENTICATION OF SECONDARY DATA Methodology check: in terms of sampling frame used, data collection tools and methods of analysis and hypotheses testing Accuracy check: establishing source credibility. Misrepresentation of data Topical check: recency of findings and similarity of the environment under study with past study Financial check: the cost of accessing past or recorded data in terms of the relevance for the study
- 8. INTERNAL DATA SOURCES Company records: historical as well as current manufacturing information, process and policy documents Employee records: demographic data sets, performance appraisals & grievance data Sales data: cash register receipts, salespersons call records, sales invoices and sales reports Other sources: customer databases, CRM data, warranty records, etc.
- 9. EXTERNAL DATA SOURCES Published data: data that is in on public domains, which could be compiled by public or private sources Government sources: census data, other documented and available government publications Other data sources: essentially non-government sources like books, periodicals, guides and directories, Indices and standardized non-government statistical data
- 10. Refer in-class discussed online data bases Refer text book pages 106,107 & 108 SOURCES