This document discusses various types of professional development programs for teachers, including orientation programs, seminars, conferences, refresher courses, workshops, observation visits, qualification programs, research, and summer courses. It focuses on orientation programs and workshops, describing their objectives and advantages. Orientation programs aim to prepare new teachers for their roles and responsibilities, while workshops bring together small groups of teachers to improve skills through practice and discussion on topics like lesson planning, assessment, and instructional techniques. Both programs seek to enhance teaching quality, but workshops require more resources and time commitment from participants and staff.