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TEACHER
PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
About Me?
6
Dr Rahim Khan
(Assistant Professor Qurtuba University)
1. M.A, M.Ed from Peshawar University
2. EPM from PIMS Pakistan
3. Exploring the Global Teacher from Sweden
4. Ph.D Educational Psychology from Srilanka
5. Ph.D Teacher Professional Development Pakistan
6. Developed and designed 30 training Manuals
7. Conducted more than 500 workshops with more than 20000
teachers, principals and managers (National and International)
8. Provided services to;
SRCS, Unicef, Agha Khan, Dubai Education System, ADBS, GTZ, ASI, Etc
8. Author of two Books published from Germany
9. Worked as an Editor, Educational auditor and Lead Trainer AFAQ
9. Worked as a consultant and Lead Trainer (GIZ)
10. Working as a chief Education Development officer (Mercy Pak)
11. Working as a Lead Trainer (PITE)
12. Working as a Resource person Higher Education Teacher Training Academy (HETTA)
GUIDING QUESTIONS
1. What are the needs of our teachers
2. How will teacher professional development (TPD) address
these needs?
3. What are the objectives of TPD
4. Which of the three models of TPD are most appropriate to
the needs of our teachers?
5. Which models are currently being used in our schools?
6. Such others…………………………………..?
According to the Global Innovation index
Report (GII-2014), Pakistan, regarding
quality Education, was listed at the bottom.
• ‫کے‬ ‫متحدہ‬ ‫اقوام‬ ‫اور‬ ‫آسٹریلیا‬ ‫یونیورسٹی‬ ‫کورنل‬
‫ذیلی‬
‫رائٹس‬ ‫پراپرٹی‬ ‫انٹلیکچوئل‬ ‫ورلڈ‬ ‫ادارے‬
‫گلوبل‬ ‫مشترکہ‬ ‫والے‬ ‫جانے‬ ‫کیے‬ ‫سے‬ ‫جانب‬ ‫کی‬
‫انڈیکس‬ ‫انوویشن‬
(
‫آئی‬ ‫آئی‬ ‫جی‬
)
‫ساالن‬ ‫ساتویں‬
‫ہ‬
‫ہائے‬ ‫شعبہ‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫پاکستان‬ ‫مطابق‬ ‫کے‬ ‫سروے‬
،‫نیپال‬ ‫کے‬ ‫ایشیا‬ ‫مشرقی‬ ‫جنوبی‬ ‫میں‬ ‫زندگی‬
‫ملکوں‬ ‫چھوٹے‬ ‫جیسے‬ ‫بھوٹان‬ ‫اور‬ ‫دیش‬ ‫بنگلہ‬
‫ہے۔‬ ‫پیچھے‬ ‫کہیں‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫سے‬
•‫کارکردگی‬ ‫تعلیمی‬
• ‫بھوٹان‬
……………
.
……
71
• ‫نیپال‬
…………………
..
112
• ‫لنکا‬ ‫سری‬
……………
.
119
• ‫انڈیا‬
……………
..
……
.
128
• ‫دیش‬ ‫بنگلہ‬
……………
.
134
• ‫پاکستان‬
………………
..
141
• In Pakistan, the teacher education programs
have experienced noteworthy quantitative
expansion but the efforts for bringing
excellence in instruction has always been
overlooked and compromised (Warwic, 1995).
According to Education policy, (1972-80)
teacher education did not get its due
importance regarding the enhancement of
teachers’ competency and the quality of their
training programs. (p.70)
• A large amount of the existing research on
professional development involves its
relationship to students’ achievement.
• Variables are the school, teacher, student’s level
of learning within the classroom, parents and
community involvement, instructional
strategies, classroom management, curriculum
design, students’ background knowledge, and
students’ need creation (Marzano, 2003).
• Lockheed and Levin (1993) put forward that
developing states, like Pakistan, confront
troubles in educating their young generation
and lack in the indispensable capital including
skilled teachers.
• A number of studies, regarding Teacher
education in Pakistan, disclose that the status
of teacher professional development is
unsatisfactory (Bacchus-1996) .
• The problem, in Pakistan, is not even
one of low quality teaching but one
of no teaching at all, for a significant
part of the time (World Bank, 2004).
• Though policy exists for in-service training
programs, but due to non-implementation
and lack of follow up, teachers do not bother
for their professional growth and
development (Ali 1998).
• According to Sumbul (2014), the teachers
don’t dare to perform their due role as it
should be which results us in putting behind
from the developed nations of the world.
Teacher makes the difference
• Teacher effects eternity…………….. (Adams)
• A child sustained foot injury…… if you can the
child will treated otherwise he will slack the foot
9 Characteristics of HPIs
1. Clear/shared purpose
2. Effective School Leadership
3. Curriculum, Instruction, Assessment
4. Alignment with State Standards
5. Frequent Monitoring of Teaching/Learning
6. Supportive Learning Environment
7. Focused Professional Development
8. High standards/expectations
9. Collaboration/Communication
• Recognizing the deteriorating quality of
education at various levels, efforts need
to be intensified to accord adequate
priority to the effectiveness of teacher
education programs and professional
development of the in-service teachers in
the country. (National Education Policy 1998-2010, p.47).
No system of education can be better than
its teachers and the fact remains that
better teachers can be produced through
better teacher training (Ibrahim, 1997.p.11).
• You cannot think of quality Education
without professional development of the
teacher. (Shahid, 2002.P.65)
Because
• “The Development of a nation depends upon
the development of its citizens. The
development of its citizens depends upon the
development of their education; the
development of their education depends
upon the development of their teachers”
(Ibrahim, 1997, P.127).
• “If you ignore professional development of a
teacher in fact you ignore the whole nation.”
(Ibrahim, 1997.p.326)
• Today educationists, at international level, are
intellectually engaged in all-round prolific
educational reforms and teacher professional
development is one of them.
• The model of instructional process has been
modified all over the world and introduced
teacher evaluation and certification mechanism
to appraise the professional capabilities of
teachers. That’s why, there is a dire need of
teachers’ professional development.
Unit:1
1.1 Defining Teacher Professional Development.
Professional Development?
Professional Development refers to the
development of a person in his/her
Professional role (Gglatthorn, 1995, p.41)
Role refers to Transmit-Transform & cultivate
Provision of required skills
National Integrity
Character Building
Role of Teacher
Transmit
• Knowledge
• Head
Transform
• Attitude
• Heart
Cultivate
• Skills
• Hand
Teacher Professional Development?
Teacher Professional development is defined as
activities that develop a Teacher’s Knowledge,
Attitude (mind-set, Feelings) and skills
(also known as “in-service” or “teacher education”)
Professional Development vs.
Career Development
The concept of professional development is
broader than career development.
Professional development is essential for each
move of career.
Professional Development vs. Staff
Development
• Professional Development is directly related to
practical issues and life long process
• Staff Development is necessarily not related to
practical issues and short term ( short term courses, workshops)
Professional Development vs.
In-service Training
• Professional development is a process of
culture building and not mere of skill training
(Cochran & Lytle, 2001)
• In-service Training is a traditional system of
professional development
Professional Development vs. Training
• Professional development is much more than training,
though technology training may be one part of TPD.
• Professional development—including the ongoing
workshops, follow-up, study, reflections, observations
and assessment that comprise TPD—accommodates
teachers as learners, recognizes the long-term nature
of learning, and utilizes methods that are likely to lead
teachers to improve their practice as professionals.
Types of PD
• Formal Professional Development which
includes formal experiences such as training
workshops, Professional meetings, mentoring
etc.
• Informal Professional Development which
includes informal experiences such as reading
professional publications, watching profession
related films, videos, documentaries etc (Ganzer, 2000)
Objectives of Professional Development
1. To update individuals’ knowledge of a subject in light of recent advances in the area;
2. To update individuals’ skills, attitudes and approaches in light of the development of
new teaching techniques and objectives, new circumstances and new educational
research;
3. To enable individuals to apply changes made to curricula or other aspects of teaching
practice;
4. To enable schools to develop and apply new strategies concerning the curriculum and
other aspects of teaching practice;
5. To exchange information and expertise among teachers and others, e.g. Pedagogical,
Managerial; and to help weaker teachers become more effective.
PD Models
Standardized TPD programs
• Focus on rapid dissemination of specific skills and content,
often via a “cascade” or “train-the-trainer” approach
School-centered TPD
• Focus on longer-term change processes, usually via locally
facilitated activities that build on-site communities of practice
Individual or self-directed TPD
• In self-directed TPD, teachers are asked to determine their
own professional development goals and select activities that
will help them attain these goals.
1.2 Models of Professional Developments
A. CASCADE MODEL:
• The cascade model involves the delivery of
training through layers of trainers until it
reaches the final target group.
• The first group of teachers is trained in a
specific area of instruction to shift on to 2nd and
3rd layer of educators and continue up to four
generations.
B. MENTOR MODEL:
• Mentor: a wise and trusted advisor or counselor –
encourages human growth
• Mentoring: the transfer and transmission of
experience, viewpoints and expertise from one
person to another
• Generally touches personal and professional life
• Helps the person to solve their problems or attain
their goals
• Can be one-time contact, or LT relationship, formal
or informal
A model of professional development in which
an experienced coworker or teacher teaches
in the classroom while the new inducted
teacher learn from his way of teaching. In this
model the experienced teacher performs as a
mentor and the new teacher imitates him.
C. REFLECTIVE MODEL:
In this model, teacher reflects on his
instruction and evaluates his teaching
regarding what went good and what not. By
this practice teachers become reflective
practitioners and they reach a stage where
they incorporate and convert skills to specific
contexts. They eventually arrive at a position
where skills are internalized and as a result let
them to fashion new teaching strategies.
D. SCHOOL BASED MODEL:
In this model Head of the school is
responsible for ensuring professional growth
and competence of his staff members through
classroom observation, providing related
literature, Research journals, study circles,
Group discussion and professional association
(Hopkins, 2008).
E. CLUSTER BASED MODEL:
This works with a group of schools in a specific
area served by a learning resource centre or a
group of professionals. There are a number of
examples in Pakistan such as GIZ, USAID/ESRA,
UNICEF, DFID and such others (UNESCO, 2003).
Design
Develop
Review
Implement
Monitor
Evaluate
Analysis
Underlying Principles for Professional
Development Programs
Corcoran (1995) has suggested the given principles for institutions and
educators who plan and execute professional development programs.
1. Inspire, refresh, motivate and appreciate site-based projects (school,
circles, District and instructional’ initiatives)
2. Well equipped with basic knowledge for instruction
3. Follow constructivist model of instruction
4. Provide opportunities for learning through mentoring and readings
5. Show reverence for instructors as professionals and as grown-up learners
6. Offer adequate time and follow up opportunities
Guidelines for Professional
Development Programs
• Guskey (1995.a), has proposed the following guidelines for
effective designing, developing and implementing
professional development programs for teachers which are;
1. To be aware of transformation as being both personal and an
institutional process
2. To work as a team and help each other for the common good
3. To observe teaching and evaluate areas of improvement
4. To provide process for feedback on happenings and results
5. To practice incessant follow up, support and appreciation
Approaches of Professional
Development
• Cochran-Smith and Lytle (2001, p.47) mention three approaches
regarding professional development of the teacher which are;
1. Knowledge-for-practice: University/School
based research to generate formal knowledge
& theory to use and improve practice
2. Knowledge-in-practice: Practical knowledge
embedded in practice-Skills
3. Knowledge-of-practice: Reflect on their
practice and use a process of inquiry to learn
more about effective instruction
Modes of professional Development
Ruskin, (2011) said that there are many modes,
approaches, means and sources leading or
cause to professional development but
classroom observation is the best mode of
professional development of the teachers in
the most needed areas of pedagogy.
Teacher
Professional
Development
self-Reflection
personal
professional
Development by
Reading
TGM & FGD
professional
Associations
Study circles
Supervision
Classroom
observation
analysis
feedback
Need based
training
Annual Training
Internal+External
participation in
Research based,
creative and
assigned
activities
presentations,
Seminars by
Teachers on
Educational
Topics
visits to good
institutions and
benchmarking
Précis
1. TPD is the tool by which policymakers convey broad visions, disseminate
critical information, and provide guidance to teachers.
2. Effective TPD begins with an understanding of teachers’ needs and their
work environments—schools and classrooms.
3. TPD then combines a range of techniques to promote learning; provides
teachers with the support they need; engages school leadership; and
makes use of evaluation to increase its impact. Essential techniques
include mentoring, teamwork, observation, reflection and assessment.
4. Though the recipient of TPD is the teacher, the ultimate intended
beneficiary is the student.
Next InshaAllah
1.3 Teacher Social Status with special reference to Pakistan.
1.4 Teacher’s duties and character.
1.3 Teacher Social Status with
special reference to Pakistan.
Main causes of low status
Who are responsible for low status?
How to improve the status?
1.4 Teachers Duties and character
In ‘Ihya-ul-Uloom’ Al-Ghazali holds that a teacher carries eight duties.
1) First and foremost he is a father for his pupils.
2) He must teach for the sake of God.
3) He would advise the student with care,
4) fight the excessive advise to learn too quickly, and to overtake his peers.
5) He would talk with self-control,
6) He will make the pupils undersatnd in private, discreetly, not in public.
7) To blame too much is to make the pupil too stubborn in his way of seeing
and doing things.
8) And one other duty of the teacher is to make sure that what he teaches
he pursues in his life, and that his own acts do not contradict what he is
trying to inculcate.
Character ?
Next Insha-Allah UNI-2
2.1 Impact of Professional Development on Teachers.
2.2 Teacher as an artist.
2.3 Pre-service Education.
2.4 In-service Education

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TPD Unit-1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 .ppt Doctor of Philosophy

  • 1.
  • 2. 2
  • 4.
  • 6. 6 Dr Rahim Khan (Assistant Professor Qurtuba University) 1. M.A, M.Ed from Peshawar University 2. EPM from PIMS Pakistan 3. Exploring the Global Teacher from Sweden 4. Ph.D Educational Psychology from Srilanka 5. Ph.D Teacher Professional Development Pakistan 6. Developed and designed 30 training Manuals 7. Conducted more than 500 workshops with more than 20000 teachers, principals and managers (National and International) 8. Provided services to; SRCS, Unicef, Agha Khan, Dubai Education System, ADBS, GTZ, ASI, Etc 8. Author of two Books published from Germany 9. Worked as an Editor, Educational auditor and Lead Trainer AFAQ 9. Worked as a consultant and Lead Trainer (GIZ) 10. Working as a chief Education Development officer (Mercy Pak) 11. Working as a Lead Trainer (PITE) 12. Working as a Resource person Higher Education Teacher Training Academy (HETTA)
  • 7.
  • 8. GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. What are the needs of our teachers 2. How will teacher professional development (TPD) address these needs? 3. What are the objectives of TPD 4. Which of the three models of TPD are most appropriate to the needs of our teachers? 5. Which models are currently being used in our schools? 6. Such others…………………………………..?
  • 9. According to the Global Innovation index Report (GII-2014), Pakistan, regarding quality Education, was listed at the bottom.
  • 10. • ‫کے‬ ‫متحدہ‬ ‫اقوام‬ ‫اور‬ ‫آسٹریلیا‬ ‫یونیورسٹی‬ ‫کورنل‬ ‫ذیلی‬ ‫رائٹس‬ ‫پراپرٹی‬ ‫انٹلیکچوئل‬ ‫ورلڈ‬ ‫ادارے‬ ‫گلوبل‬ ‫مشترکہ‬ ‫والے‬ ‫جانے‬ ‫کیے‬ ‫سے‬ ‫جانب‬ ‫کی‬ ‫انڈیکس‬ ‫انوویشن‬ ( ‫آئی‬ ‫آئی‬ ‫جی‬ ) ‫ساالن‬ ‫ساتویں‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ہائے‬ ‫شعبہ‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫پاکستان‬ ‫مطابق‬ ‫کے‬ ‫سروے‬ ،‫نیپال‬ ‫کے‬ ‫ایشیا‬ ‫مشرقی‬ ‫جنوبی‬ ‫میں‬ ‫زندگی‬ ‫ملکوں‬ ‫چھوٹے‬ ‫جیسے‬ ‫بھوٹان‬ ‫اور‬ ‫دیش‬ ‫بنگلہ‬ ‫ہے۔‬ ‫پیچھے‬ ‫کہیں‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫سے‬
  • 11. •‫کارکردگی‬ ‫تعلیمی‬ • ‫بھوٹان‬ …………… . …… 71 • ‫نیپال‬ ………………… .. 112 • ‫لنکا‬ ‫سری‬ …………… . 119 • ‫انڈیا‬ …………… .. …… . 128 • ‫دیش‬ ‫بنگلہ‬ …………… . 134 • ‫پاکستان‬ ……………… .. 141
  • 12. • In Pakistan, the teacher education programs have experienced noteworthy quantitative expansion but the efforts for bringing excellence in instruction has always been overlooked and compromised (Warwic, 1995).
  • 13. According to Education policy, (1972-80) teacher education did not get its due importance regarding the enhancement of teachers’ competency and the quality of their training programs. (p.70)
  • 14. • A large amount of the existing research on professional development involves its relationship to students’ achievement. • Variables are the school, teacher, student’s level of learning within the classroom, parents and community involvement, instructional strategies, classroom management, curriculum design, students’ background knowledge, and students’ need creation (Marzano, 2003).
  • 15. • Lockheed and Levin (1993) put forward that developing states, like Pakistan, confront troubles in educating their young generation and lack in the indispensable capital including skilled teachers. • A number of studies, regarding Teacher education in Pakistan, disclose that the status of teacher professional development is unsatisfactory (Bacchus-1996) .
  • 16. • The problem, in Pakistan, is not even one of low quality teaching but one of no teaching at all, for a significant part of the time (World Bank, 2004).
  • 17. • Though policy exists for in-service training programs, but due to non-implementation and lack of follow up, teachers do not bother for their professional growth and development (Ali 1998).
  • 18. • According to Sumbul (2014), the teachers don’t dare to perform their due role as it should be which results us in putting behind from the developed nations of the world.
  • 19. Teacher makes the difference • Teacher effects eternity…………….. (Adams) • A child sustained foot injury…… if you can the child will treated otherwise he will slack the foot
  • 20. 9 Characteristics of HPIs 1. Clear/shared purpose 2. Effective School Leadership 3. Curriculum, Instruction, Assessment 4. Alignment with State Standards 5. Frequent Monitoring of Teaching/Learning 6. Supportive Learning Environment 7. Focused Professional Development 8. High standards/expectations 9. Collaboration/Communication
  • 21. • Recognizing the deteriorating quality of education at various levels, efforts need to be intensified to accord adequate priority to the effectiveness of teacher education programs and professional development of the in-service teachers in the country. (National Education Policy 1998-2010, p.47).
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24. No system of education can be better than its teachers and the fact remains that better teachers can be produced through better teacher training (Ibrahim, 1997.p.11).
  • 25. • You cannot think of quality Education without professional development of the teacher. (Shahid, 2002.P.65) Because
  • 26. • “The Development of a nation depends upon the development of its citizens. The development of its citizens depends upon the development of their education; the development of their education depends upon the development of their teachers” (Ibrahim, 1997, P.127).
  • 27. • “If you ignore professional development of a teacher in fact you ignore the whole nation.” (Ibrahim, 1997.p.326)
  • 28. • Today educationists, at international level, are intellectually engaged in all-round prolific educational reforms and teacher professional development is one of them.
  • 29. • The model of instructional process has been modified all over the world and introduced teacher evaluation and certification mechanism to appraise the professional capabilities of teachers. That’s why, there is a dire need of teachers’ professional development.
  • 30. Unit:1 1.1 Defining Teacher Professional Development. Professional Development? Professional Development refers to the development of a person in his/her Professional role (Gglatthorn, 1995, p.41) Role refers to Transmit-Transform & cultivate
  • 31. Provision of required skills National Integrity Character Building
  • 32. Role of Teacher Transmit • Knowledge • Head Transform • Attitude • Heart Cultivate • Skills • Hand
  • 33. Teacher Professional Development? Teacher Professional development is defined as activities that develop a Teacher’s Knowledge, Attitude (mind-set, Feelings) and skills (also known as “in-service” or “teacher education”)
  • 34. Professional Development vs. Career Development The concept of professional development is broader than career development. Professional development is essential for each move of career.
  • 35. Professional Development vs. Staff Development • Professional Development is directly related to practical issues and life long process • Staff Development is necessarily not related to practical issues and short term ( short term courses, workshops)
  • 36.
  • 37. Professional Development vs. In-service Training • Professional development is a process of culture building and not mere of skill training (Cochran & Lytle, 2001) • In-service Training is a traditional system of professional development
  • 38. Professional Development vs. Training • Professional development is much more than training, though technology training may be one part of TPD. • Professional development—including the ongoing workshops, follow-up, study, reflections, observations and assessment that comprise TPD—accommodates teachers as learners, recognizes the long-term nature of learning, and utilizes methods that are likely to lead teachers to improve their practice as professionals.
  • 39. Types of PD • Formal Professional Development which includes formal experiences such as training workshops, Professional meetings, mentoring etc. • Informal Professional Development which includes informal experiences such as reading professional publications, watching profession related films, videos, documentaries etc (Ganzer, 2000)
  • 40. Objectives of Professional Development 1. To update individuals’ knowledge of a subject in light of recent advances in the area; 2. To update individuals’ skills, attitudes and approaches in light of the development of new teaching techniques and objectives, new circumstances and new educational research; 3. To enable individuals to apply changes made to curricula or other aspects of teaching practice; 4. To enable schools to develop and apply new strategies concerning the curriculum and other aspects of teaching practice; 5. To exchange information and expertise among teachers and others, e.g. Pedagogical, Managerial; and to help weaker teachers become more effective.
  • 41. PD Models Standardized TPD programs • Focus on rapid dissemination of specific skills and content, often via a “cascade” or “train-the-trainer” approach School-centered TPD • Focus on longer-term change processes, usually via locally facilitated activities that build on-site communities of practice Individual or self-directed TPD • In self-directed TPD, teachers are asked to determine their own professional development goals and select activities that will help them attain these goals.
  • 42. 1.2 Models of Professional Developments A. CASCADE MODEL: • The cascade model involves the delivery of training through layers of trainers until it reaches the final target group. • The first group of teachers is trained in a specific area of instruction to shift on to 2nd and 3rd layer of educators and continue up to four generations.
  • 43.
  • 44. B. MENTOR MODEL: • Mentor: a wise and trusted advisor or counselor – encourages human growth • Mentoring: the transfer and transmission of experience, viewpoints and expertise from one person to another • Generally touches personal and professional life • Helps the person to solve their problems or attain their goals • Can be one-time contact, or LT relationship, formal or informal
  • 45. A model of professional development in which an experienced coworker or teacher teaches in the classroom while the new inducted teacher learn from his way of teaching. In this model the experienced teacher performs as a mentor and the new teacher imitates him.
  • 46. C. REFLECTIVE MODEL: In this model, teacher reflects on his instruction and evaluates his teaching regarding what went good and what not. By this practice teachers become reflective practitioners and they reach a stage where they incorporate and convert skills to specific contexts. They eventually arrive at a position where skills are internalized and as a result let them to fashion new teaching strategies.
  • 47. D. SCHOOL BASED MODEL: In this model Head of the school is responsible for ensuring professional growth and competence of his staff members through classroom observation, providing related literature, Research journals, study circles, Group discussion and professional association (Hopkins, 2008).
  • 48. E. CLUSTER BASED MODEL: This works with a group of schools in a specific area served by a learning resource centre or a group of professionals. There are a number of examples in Pakistan such as GIZ, USAID/ESRA, UNICEF, DFID and such others (UNESCO, 2003).
  • 49.
  • 51. Underlying Principles for Professional Development Programs Corcoran (1995) has suggested the given principles for institutions and educators who plan and execute professional development programs. 1. Inspire, refresh, motivate and appreciate site-based projects (school, circles, District and instructional’ initiatives) 2. Well equipped with basic knowledge for instruction 3. Follow constructivist model of instruction 4. Provide opportunities for learning through mentoring and readings 5. Show reverence for instructors as professionals and as grown-up learners 6. Offer adequate time and follow up opportunities
  • 52. Guidelines for Professional Development Programs • Guskey (1995.a), has proposed the following guidelines for effective designing, developing and implementing professional development programs for teachers which are; 1. To be aware of transformation as being both personal and an institutional process 2. To work as a team and help each other for the common good 3. To observe teaching and evaluate areas of improvement 4. To provide process for feedback on happenings and results 5. To practice incessant follow up, support and appreciation
  • 53. Approaches of Professional Development • Cochran-Smith and Lytle (2001, p.47) mention three approaches regarding professional development of the teacher which are; 1. Knowledge-for-practice: University/School based research to generate formal knowledge & theory to use and improve practice 2. Knowledge-in-practice: Practical knowledge embedded in practice-Skills 3. Knowledge-of-practice: Reflect on their practice and use a process of inquiry to learn more about effective instruction
  • 54. Modes of professional Development Ruskin, (2011) said that there are many modes, approaches, means and sources leading or cause to professional development but classroom observation is the best mode of professional development of the teachers in the most needed areas of pedagogy.
  • 55. Teacher Professional Development self-Reflection personal professional Development by Reading TGM & FGD professional Associations Study circles Supervision Classroom observation analysis feedback Need based training Annual Training Internal+External participation in Research based, creative and assigned activities presentations, Seminars by Teachers on Educational Topics visits to good institutions and benchmarking
  • 56. Précis 1. TPD is the tool by which policymakers convey broad visions, disseminate critical information, and provide guidance to teachers. 2. Effective TPD begins with an understanding of teachers’ needs and their work environments—schools and classrooms. 3. TPD then combines a range of techniques to promote learning; provides teachers with the support they need; engages school leadership; and makes use of evaluation to increase its impact. Essential techniques include mentoring, teamwork, observation, reflection and assessment. 4. Though the recipient of TPD is the teacher, the ultimate intended beneficiary is the student.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59. Next InshaAllah 1.3 Teacher Social Status with special reference to Pakistan. 1.4 Teacher’s duties and character.
  • 60. 1.3 Teacher Social Status with special reference to Pakistan.
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63. Main causes of low status
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66. Who are responsible for low status?
  • 67. How to improve the status?
  • 68.
  • 69.
  • 70.
  • 71. 1.4 Teachers Duties and character In ‘Ihya-ul-Uloom’ Al-Ghazali holds that a teacher carries eight duties. 1) First and foremost he is a father for his pupils. 2) He must teach for the sake of God. 3) He would advise the student with care, 4) fight the excessive advise to learn too quickly, and to overtake his peers. 5) He would talk with self-control, 6) He will make the pupils undersatnd in private, discreetly, not in public. 7) To blame too much is to make the pupil too stubborn in his way of seeing and doing things. 8) And one other duty of the teacher is to make sure that what he teaches he pursues in his life, and that his own acts do not contradict what he is trying to inculcate.
  • 73.
  • 74. Next Insha-Allah UNI-2 2.1 Impact of Professional Development on Teachers. 2.2 Teacher as an artist. 2.3 Pre-service Education. 2.4 In-service Education