Physical appearances that correlates to the characteristics of a person.

1. AL RAJIV A. CARIM

2.  Theory based on body built and strength
 Somatotype theory
 Born criminal theory (anthropometry)

5.  Ernst Kretschmer, (born Oct. 8, 1888,
Wüstenrot, Ger.—died Feb. 8, 1964, Tübingen,
W.Ger.), German psychiatrist who attempted
to correlate body build and physical
constitution with personality characteristics
and mental illness.

6.  This theory postulates three normal
temperamental types:
These are:
 SCHIZOID TYPE or ASTHENIC TYPE
 CYCLOID TYPE or PYKNIC
 ATHLETIC TYPE

7.  Characteristics:
 narrow and elongated
extremities
 They look very sickly
and weak
 They are depressive
and want to be alone.
 They are unsociable,
quiet, serious,
withdrawn and
reserved.

8.  Characteristics:
 with broad trunk,
 short arms and legs,
 round solid body and
inclined to be heavy
 They can be described
as sociable, good
natured, humorous
and impulsive.

9.  ATHLETIC TYPE
is between the
schizoid and cycloid
type.
 Characteristics:
 strong and robust
with good body built.
 They are considered
to be healthy, active
and aggressive.

10.  Cyclothemic - were manic-depressive and typified
by soft skin, a round shape, and little muscle
development, and tended to commit the less
serious offenses that were more intellectual in
nature.
 Schizothemic - were antisocial and apathetic,
committing the more serious violent offenses, and
were either asthenic (thin and tall) or athletic (wide
and strong).
 Dysplastic - could be any body type but were
characterized by highly charged emotional states
and unable to control their emotions. Kretschmer
associated dysplastic with sexual offenses.

11.  Although Kretschmer attempted to develop a
typology that associated behaviors with
physique, he did not put much consideration
into the complex nature of behavior and its
interaction with the environment.

14.  William Herbert Sheldon, Jr. was
an American psychologist and numismatist. He
created the field of somatotype and
constitutional psychology that tried to correlate
body types with
behavior, intelligence and social
hierarchy illustrated by his Ivy League nude
posture photos. However, his work is generally
dismissed by modern researchers.

16.  He created three classifications:
 Ectomorphs
 Endomorphs
 Mesomorphs

17.  Sheldon's ectomorphs tend to be very thin and
fragile, often appearing delicate. This
individual would have a small face, a petite
nose, and finely textured hair.

18. The temperament
 Sheldon associated with this body type is
considered cerebrotonic:
 someone who is introverted,
 suffers from allergies or skin maladies,
 often tired or fatigued,
 highly sensitive to distractions and noise, and
 tends to shrink away from large crowds.

19. Actor/director Johnny
Depp is an example of
someone who meets
the physical
description as well as
the associated
personality traits of an
ectomorph. His
physical appearance is
thin and slight, and he
is quiet and reserved
when off-camera.

20.  Endomorphs are quite the opposite of their
frail associates--they tend to be pudgy and
round with a tendency to gain weight easily.
Their skin would be very smooth and their
arms and legs somewhat short for their build.

21. The temperament
 Sheldon associated with endomorphic
individuals is referred to as viscerotonic:
 those who are easygoing and comfortable with
themselves,
 who enjoy luxurious things, and
 who are extroverted and outgoing.

22. Media mogul Oprah
Winfrey is a famous
example of someone
who fits the
endomorph body type
and associated
personality traits. She
is well-known for her
outgoing personality
and expensive taste.

23.  Sheldon's third and final body type,
the mesomorph, is muscular and dense with a
long torso. Mesomorphs also tend to have large
wrists and hands.

24. The temperament
 associated with mesomorphs is
called somotonic:
 these individuals are active,
 dynamic, and
 assertive with a tendency toward aggression.

25. Professional wrestler
John Cena is an
individual who
exhibits the body type
and associated
personality traits of a
mesomorph. Both in
the wrestling ring and
in real life, Cena has a
big, bold personality
and he is very
assertive and forceful.

26. Sheldon, using a correlation study, found that
many convicts were mesomorphic , and they
were least likely to be ectomorphic (Shelson
et al 1949)

29.  an Italian psychiatrist and military medical
doctor who developed theories about the “born
criminals” His theories are no longer valid
today.

30.  In 3000 anthropometric measurements he found
some biological traits of criminals.
 Biological traits of born criminal are:
 unusual size or shape of the head,
 strange eyes,
 facial asymmetry,
 extended jaw and jaw bone,
 too big or too small ears,
 full lips leaned forward,

31.  abnormal teeth,
 wrinkled skin,
 nose curled up; thieves have a flat nose and
murderers have a beak nose,
 too long, too small or flat chin,
 dark skin and
 too long arms.

32.  Beside physical traits Lombroso introduces
some other traits of born criminal:
 hypersensitivity to pain and touch,
 use of special criminal slang,
 grotesque expression of thoughts,
 tattoos and
 unemployment.

33.  He was a pioneer in criminology and author of the
influential work The English convict: a statistical
study.
 Under the sponsorship of the British government,
Goring, assisted by other prison medical officers,
as well as Karl Pearson and his staff at the
Biometrics Laboratory, collected and analysed data
bearing upon 96 traits of each of over 3,000 English
convicts. He ultimately concluded that "the
physical and mental constitution of both criminal
and law-abiding persons, of the same age, stature,
class, and intelligence, are identical. There is no
such thing as an anthropological criminal type."

34.  Harvard anthropologist Ernest Hooten (1887–
1954). Dissatisfied with Goring’s findings, Hooten
spent 12 years conducting research into the
criminal nature of man to disprove Goring and to
support Lombroso. His first influential publication,
Crime and the Man (1939), documented his study
of 14,000 prisoners and 3,000 nonprisoner controls
in 10 states. Hooten was more rigorous than
Goring in his methods, differentiating his subjects
on the basis of types of crime and by geographic,
ethnic, and racial backgrounds.