Most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, approximately 600 years after the founding of Christianity.
Muhammad Bin Qasim: conquerer of Sindh and MultanAbdul Rehman
Mohammad Bin Qasim
Al Hajaj Bin Yousaf
Reason for attack on Sindh
Mohammad Bin Qasim’s Attack on Sindh
Mohammad Bin Qasim was nephew of Al Hajaj Bin Yousaf
was instrumental in teaching Muhammad bin Qasim about combat and governance.
Because of the influence of Hajjaj, the young Muhammad bin Qasim was appointed the governor of Persia while in his teens.
During those times, some Muslim traders living in Ceylon died and the ruler of Ceylon sent their widows and orphans back to Baghdad.
Journey By Sea
Valuables for Hajaj Bin Yousaf
As the eight-ship caravan passed by the seaport of Daibul, pirates looted it and took the women and children prisoner.
Hajjaj demanded that Dahir return the Muslim captives and the looted items.
He also demanded that the culprits be punished.
Dahir said hat I have no control over the pirates and was, therefore, powerless to rebuke them.
Thus, in order to free the prisoners and to punish the guilty party, Hajjaj decided to undertake a huge offensive against Dahir.
Hajaj was ready to help the people of Sindh
With Muhammad bin Qasim محمد بن قاسم
The Umayyad caliphate ordered Muhammad Bin Qasim to attack over Sindh.
Mohammad Bin Qasim entered Daibul in 712 AD
He led 6,000 Syrian cavalry and at the borders of Sindh
Muhammad Bin Qasim first captured Debal, from where the Arab army marched along the Indus.
The ruler of Sindh Raja Dahir was staying in his capital Alor (Sukkur) about 500 kms. away.
Raja Dahir did not march to its defence immediately.
He conquered the Sindh and Punjab regions along the Indus River for the Umayyad Caliphate.
Muhammad Bin Qasim first captured Debal, from where the Arab army marched along the Indus.
At Rohri he was met by Dahir’s forces. Dahir died in the battle, his forces were defeated and Muhammad bin Qasim took control of Sind.
He continued his Victorious Progress in succession, Brahmanabad, Alor, Multan and Gujrat.
Now Muslims were the masters of whole Sindh and a part of Punjab up to the borders of Kashmir in the north.
He also established peace with a strong taxation system.
Hajjaj died in 714.
Suleman succeeded as the Caliph.
He was a bitter enemy of Hajjaj’s family.
He recalled Mohammad Bin Qasim from Sindh, who obeyed the orders .
When he came back, he was put to death on 715 AD at the age of twenty.
This is a PowerPoint presentation on the topic The Umayyad Dynasty. In this ppt I have written all basic information about Umayyad Dynasty and I hope so that you all will like this presentation and my all those efforts that I put to make it.
Thankyou so much!
Caliphate is a glorious past of Muslims, all over the world. Muslim community always needs a rightly guided caliphate. So it's my simple work to remember Our glorious History of caliphate and how we lose that.
Most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, approximately 600 years after the founding of Christianity.
Muhammad Bin Qasim: conquerer of Sindh and MultanAbdul Rehman
Mohammad Bin Qasim
Al Hajaj Bin Yousaf
Reason for attack on Sindh
Mohammad Bin Qasim’s Attack on Sindh
Mohammad Bin Qasim was nephew of Al Hajaj Bin Yousaf
was instrumental in teaching Muhammad bin Qasim about combat and governance.
Because of the influence of Hajjaj, the young Muhammad bin Qasim was appointed the governor of Persia while in his teens.
During those times, some Muslim traders living in Ceylon died and the ruler of Ceylon sent their widows and orphans back to Baghdad.
Journey By Sea
Valuables for Hajaj Bin Yousaf
As the eight-ship caravan passed by the seaport of Daibul, pirates looted it and took the women and children prisoner.
Hajjaj demanded that Dahir return the Muslim captives and the looted items.
He also demanded that the culprits be punished.
Dahir said hat I have no control over the pirates and was, therefore, powerless to rebuke them.
Thus, in order to free the prisoners and to punish the guilty party, Hajjaj decided to undertake a huge offensive against Dahir.
Hajaj was ready to help the people of Sindh
With Muhammad bin Qasim محمد بن قاسم
The Umayyad caliphate ordered Muhammad Bin Qasim to attack over Sindh.
Mohammad Bin Qasim entered Daibul in 712 AD
He led 6,000 Syrian cavalry and at the borders of Sindh
Muhammad Bin Qasim first captured Debal, from where the Arab army marched along the Indus.
The ruler of Sindh Raja Dahir was staying in his capital Alor (Sukkur) about 500 kms. away.
Raja Dahir did not march to its defence immediately.
He conquered the Sindh and Punjab regions along the Indus River for the Umayyad Caliphate.
Muhammad Bin Qasim first captured Debal, from where the Arab army marched along the Indus.
At Rohri he was met by Dahir’s forces. Dahir died in the battle, his forces were defeated and Muhammad bin Qasim took control of Sind.
He continued his Victorious Progress in succession, Brahmanabad, Alor, Multan and Gujrat.
Now Muslims were the masters of whole Sindh and a part of Punjab up to the borders of Kashmir in the north.
He also established peace with a strong taxation system.
Hajjaj died in 714.
Suleman succeeded as the Caliph.
He was a bitter enemy of Hajjaj’s family.
He recalled Mohammad Bin Qasim from Sindh, who obeyed the orders .
When he came back, he was put to death on 715 AD at the age of twenty.
This is a PowerPoint presentation on the topic The Umayyad Dynasty. In this ppt I have written all basic information about Umayyad Dynasty and I hope so that you all will like this presentation and my all those efforts that I put to make it.
Thankyou so much!
Caliphate is a glorious past of Muslims, all over the world. Muslim community always needs a rightly guided caliphate. So it's my simple work to remember Our glorious History of caliphate and how we lose that.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
1. 1 USA
2 UK
3 MALAYSIA & INDONESIA
4 FRANCE
5 AUSTRALIA
6 RUSSIA
7 CHINA
8 INDIA
9 AFRICA
10 GULF REGION
More …
2. 1. ISLAM IN USA
•Estevanico of Azamor may have been the first Muslim to enter the historical
record in North America.
•Estevanico came to the Americas as a slave of the 16th-century Spanish
explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca.
• After joining the ill-fated Narváez expedition in 1527, Cabeza de Vaca and
Estevanico were captured and enslaved by Indians, escaping to make an
arduous journey along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
•Muslims Discovered America Before Columbus
•Columbus discovered US with Al-Idrisi’s MAP
•Spain Muslims around 4th hijri discovered US earlier than Columbus.
•http://www.grandestrategy.com/2008/01/islam-in-usa.html
•http://mathaba.net/news/?x=66517?disqus
•http://www.fountainmagazine.com/Issue/detail/Islam-and-Muslims-in-America-before-Columbus
overview map from al-Idrisi's 1154 world atlas.
3. 2. ISLAM IN UK
The first recorded Englishman to become a
Muslim was John Nelson, who converted to
Islam at some point in the 16th Century.
An early example would be the decision of Offa, the
eighth-century King of Mercia (one of the AngloSaxon kingdoms existing at that time), to have a coin
minted with an Islamic inscription - largely a copy of
coins issued by the contemporary Muslim ruler,
Caliph Al-Mansur. (Gold imitation dinar of Offa,
British Museum)
•http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/uk_1.shtml
•http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/
cm/g/gold_imitation_dinar_of_offa.aspx
•http://www.webislam.com/articles/75676-the_advent_of_islam_in_britain.html
4. 3. ISLAM IN MALAYSIA
•Individual Arab traders and including Sahabas preached in Malay Archipelago, IndoChin and China in early seventh century. The Islamic peoples Chams of Cambodia
trace their origin to Jahsh (Geys), the father of Zainab and thus one of the fathers-inlaw of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Islam was introduced in Sumatra coast by
Arabs in 674 CE.
•Islam was also brought to Malaysia by Indian Muslim traders in the 12th century AD. It
is commonly held that Islam first arrived in Malay peninsular since Sultan Mudzafar
Shah I (12th century) of Kedah (Hindu name Phra Ong Mahawangsa), the first ruler to
be known to convert to Islam.
•The religion was adopted peacefully by the coastal trading ports people of Malaysia
and Indonesia, absorbing rather than conquering existing beliefs. By the 15th and 16th
centuries it was the majority faith of the Malay people.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Malaysia#cite_note-12
5. ISLAM IN INDONESIA
•The first Indonesians to adopt Islam are thought to have done so as early
as the eleventh century, although Muslims had visited Indonesia early in
the Muslim era.
• The spread of Islam was driven by increasing trade links outside of the
archipelago; in general, traders and the royalty of major kingdoms were the
first to adopt the new religion.
• Dominant kingdoms included Mataram in Central Java, and the sultanates
of Ternate and Tidore in the Maluku Islands to the east.
•By the end of the thirteenth century, Islam had been established in North
Sumatra; by the fourteenth in northeast Malaya, Brunei, the southern
Philippines and among some courtiers of East Java; and the fifteenth in
Malacca and other areas of the Malay Peninsula.
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_missionary_activity
6. 4. ISLAM IN FRANCE
•After the conquest of Spain Muslim forces also pushed into
southern France but were turned back at the Battle of Tours in 732.
•In the 9th century Muslim forces conquered several bases in
southern France like Fraxinet "International Journal of Middle East
Studies", pages 59-79, Vol. 12, No. 1. Middle East Studies
Association of North America, 1980. )
•During the winter of 1543-1544, after the siege of Nice, Toulon was
used as an Ottoman naval base under admiral Barbarossa.
•To facilitate the Turkish crews, the Christian population had been
evacuated and the Toulon Cathedral was converted into a mosque.
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_France
7. 5. ISLAM IN AUSTRALIA
•Islam touched Australian soil long before British settlement in 1788,
when Muslim fishermen from Makassar (today, a part of Indonesia)
reached the shores of North-Western Australia. Some of them died
en route to Australia and had to be buried according to the Islamic
burial regulations, facing Mecca, in Australia.
•The first Masjid was built in Marree, South Australia in 1861.
•According to the latest figures, Australia is home to more than 475,000
Muslims.
http://muslim-academy.com/islam-in-australia/
8. 6. ISLAM IN RUSSIA
•The first Muslims within current Russian territory were the
Dagestani people (region of Derbent) after the Arab
conquests in the 8th century. ( Shireen Tahmasseb Hunter,
Jeffrey L. Thomas, Alexander Melikishvili, "Islam in
Russia", M.E. Sharpe, Apr 1, 2004, ISBN 0-7656-1282-8 )
•The first Muslim state in Russia was Volga Bulgaria (922).
•The Tatars inherited the religion from that state. Later most
of the European and Caucasian Turkic peoples also
became followers of Islam.
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Europe
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Russia
9. 7 .ISLAM IN CHINA
•Islam began in China during the Caliphate of Uthman ibn
Affan, the third Caliph of Islam.
•The Caliph sent a deputation to China in 29 AH (650 CE,
eighteen years after the death of the Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him).
•The delegation was headed by Sa'ad ibn Waqqas a
maternal uncle of the Prophet. Sa'ad Ibn Waaqas invited the
Chinese Emperor (Yung-Wei) to embrace Islam.
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_China#cite_note-1
•http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/china_1.shtml
10. 8. Islam in India
The First Indian to accept Islam
•Cheraman Perumal, (Tajuddin. r.a) king of india-Kodungallur, in district
of Thrissur,Kerala (AD 622-628. Hijra 1-7) was the first Indian to accept
Islam. Many historians have recorded this fact in their writings. Kerala is
a state of India.
•Cheraman perumal is recorded to have seen the moon split. The
incident is documented Hamidulla writes in "Muhammad Rasoolullah in
a manuscript kept at the India Office Library, London, reference number:
Arabic, 2807, 152-173
•More important is the fact that it is the world's second oldest Juma
mosque, where the Juma (Friday) prayers have been held for the last 1377
years, since the days of Prophet Mohammed (570-634 A.D.). The first Juma
mosque in the world is the Prophet's Mosque in Madinah, which is also his
memorial tomb.
http://www.mohdiqbal.webs.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Deenar
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Bin_Deenar
11. India's first masjid in Kerala
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cheraman_jumamasjid.JPG;
http://www.lemauricien.com/article/islam-india-cheramun-juma-masjid-kerala
•In Malabar, the Mappilas may have been the first community to convert to
Islam because they were more closely connected with the Arabs than others.
•In the 8th century, the province of Sindh (in present day Pakistan) was
conquered by an Arab army led by Muhammad bin Qasim. Sindh became the
easternmost province of the Umayyad Caliphate.
•Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (
c. 31 December 695–18 July 715)
was an Umayyad general who, at the age of 29, began the conquest of the Sindh
and Punjab regions along the Indus River (now a part of Pakistan) for the Umayyad
Caliphate. He was born & raised in the city of Taif (in modern day Saudi Arabia).
Qasim's conquest of Sindh and Punjab laid the foundations of Islamic rule in the
Indian subcontinent.
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Qasim
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_India
12. 9 ISLAM IN AFRICA
The presence of Islam in Africa can be traced to the seventh century.
•In 670 an Arab Muslim army under Uqba ibn Nafi, who had commanded an earlier incursion in 666,
entered the region of Ifriqiya (a newly-coined Arabic word for the prior Roman Province of Africa). Under
the Caliph 'Abd al-Malik (685-705), ruling from Damascus, the Umayyad conquest of North Africa.
•Horn of Africa
•The victory of the Muslims over the Quraysh in the 7th century had a significant impact on local
merchants and sailors, as their trading partners in Arabia had then all adopted Islam and the major
trading routes in the Mediterranean and the Red Sea came under the sway of the Muslim Caliphs.
•East Africa
•Arabs founded permanent colonies on the offshore islands, especially on Zanzibar, in the 9th and 10th
century. From there Arab trade routes into the interior of Africa helped the slow acceptance of Islam.
•Western Africa
•The spread of Islam in Africa began in the 7th to 9th century, brought to North Africa initially under the
Umayyad Dynasty.
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_early_Islamic_Tunisia
13. 9 ISLAM IN GULF REGION
•The seventh century saw the introduction of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula. The
Islamic prophet Muhammad established a new unified polity in the Arabian peninsula
which under the subsequent Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates saw a century of
rapid expansion of Arab power well beyond the Arabian peninsula in the form of a
vast Muslim Arab Empire with an area of influence that stretched from the northwest
Indian subcontinent, across Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, southern
Italy, and the Iberian Peninsula, to the Pyrenees.
•The provincial Ottoman Army for Arabia (Arabistan Ordusu) was headquartered in
Syria, which included Lebanon, Palestine, and the Transjordan region. It was put in
charge of Syria, Cilicia, Iraq, and the remainder of the Arabian Peninsula
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula
14. ISLAM IN EUROPE
•Islam came to Europe in various ways, including through conquest. New research has uncovered a
Böszörmény Muslim community in 12th century Hungary with roots in Muslim merchants in
commerce with Asia over the Silk Road. Significant communities of Muslim Lipka Tatars lived
throughout the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, worshiping in small wooden Mosques and
playing a key role in the history of Poland and Lithuania.
•In 824 CE, Byzantine Crete fell to Arabs, who established an emirate on the island, which lasted
until 960, when Nikephoros Phokas reconquered Crete for the Byzantines.
•The Mongols began their conquest of Rus', Volga Bulgaria, and the Cuman-Kipchak Confederation
(present day Russia and Ukraine) in the 13th century. After the Mongol empire split, the eastern
European section became known as the Golden Horde. Despite the fact that they were not Muslim
at the time, the western Mongols adopted Islam as their religion in the early 14th century under
Berke Khan, and later Uzbeg Khan who established it as the official religion of the state.
•The Ottoman Empire began its expansion into Europe by taking the European portions of the
Byzantine
Empire in the 14th-15th centuries up until the 1453 capture of
Constantinople, establishing Islam as the state religion in the region. The Ottoman Empire
continued to stretch northwards, taking Hungary in the 16th century, and reaching as far north as
the Podolia in the mid-17th century (Peace of Buczacz), by which time most of the Balkans was
under Ottoman control.
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Europe
15. LATEST RESEARCH ABOUT ISLAM
1. "Islam is the fastest-growing religion in America, a guide and pillar of stability
for many of our people..." Hillary Rodman Clinton, Los Angeles Times, May
31, 1996, p.3
2. Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the United States..." New York
Times, Feb 21, 1989, p.1 and 3. Johan Blank, US News, 20 July, 18.
3. Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the United States..." Elsa C.
Arnett, Knight-Ridder News Service
According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Islam is the world’s fastestgrowing religion by number of conversions each year. According to the BBC, a
comprehensive American study concluded in 2009 the number stood at 1 in 4 with
60% of Muslims spread all over the Asian continent.
http://www.grandestrategy.com/2008/01/islam-in-usa.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claims_to_be_the_fastest-growing_religion
Prepared by Da’ee Faheem
Email: fahim_dawah@yahoo.com