Campaign for North Africa

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The document discusses the North Africa Campaign between Italy and Allied forces in 1940-1941. It introduces the geography of the desert terrain and long supply lines that favored mobile armored warfare. It describes the initial Italian advance into Libya and the subsequent Operation Compass launched by the British in January 1941 that led to the defeat of the Italian 1st Libyan Division "Sibelle" and Raggruppamento Maletti at key battles, culminating in the Allied forces' encirclement of Italian troops at Beda Fomm.

Sea Communications
600 миль
~12 800 миль
5-6 недель

It was only in the desert, that the principles of armored
warfare as they were taught in theory before the war
could be fully applied and fully developed
- E. Rommel
Desert was the tactician’s paradise and
quartermaster’s nightmare
J. von Ravenstein

Italian Division
1st Libyan Division "Sibelle“
• 1st Libyan Infantry Regiment
• 2nd Libyan Infantry Regiment
• 1st Libyan Artillery Battalion
• 2nd Libyan Artillery Battalion
• Anti Tank Company
• 1st Libyan Engineer Battalion
~7200 чел.
Raggruppamento Maletti

Operation «Compass»
3 January
Sibelle
Pescatori
Cirene

Al Qaeda is the terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in 1988. The group’s ideology is founded on the premise that Muslims who follow secular leaders are treating these leaders as gods, and therefore, are apostates because they are disobeying the first principle in Islam, the assertion that “There is no deity but Allah.” Adherents to this ideology claim to be defending Islam when they kill these Muslims and Westerners who advocate or support this form of apostasy. Al Qaeda’s goal is to liberate Muslim lands of “apostate” governments and establish an Islamic state, a caliphate, in their stead. Osama bin Laden envisioned al Qaeda as a global network that led the jihad against the United States, the West, and allied Muslim governments. The group known today as al Qaeda core serves as the center of the al Qaeda network, which now also includes groups recognized by the al Qaeda emir, or leader, as affiliates. These are al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, al Shabaab, al Qaeda in Iraq, Jabhat al Nusra, al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, and the Islamic Emirate of the Caucasus. Recovered al Qaeda correspondence, especially from the Abbottabad raid, reveals continued communications about ongoing developments and operations between senior leaders in Pakistan and leaders of affiliated groups. Read more at www.criticalthreats.org/al-qaeda/al-qaeda-affiliates

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