Two lense system
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- When using a two lens optical system, the magnification of the final image is calculated by multiplying the magnifications of each individual lens. - To calculate the image from the first lens, treat it as the object for the second lens. The object distance for the second lens is the distance from the first lens' image to the second lens. - A two converging lens system will produce a real, upright final image, while a converging-diverging system will produce a virtual, inverted final image.
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The document describes experiments with simple optical instruments including a model eye, magnifier, and compound microscope. For the model eye, measurements were taken of the focal length, near and far points, and effect of corrective lenses. A magnifier was found to magnify an object by approximately the ratio given by the lens equation. The compound microscope produced a magnified virtual image through the combination of an objective and eyepiece lens, though some image distortions were observed.
ilovepdf_merged (1) (1).pptx
The document discusses different types of lensesometers used to measure the refractive power of lenses. It describes manual lensesometers, which provide accurate power measurements but require skill to use, especially for toric lenses. Automated lensesometers are easier to use and can print prescriptions, but are less accurate than manual models. The document outlines the steps to measure spherical and cylindrical lenses using a manual lensesometer, including focusing the eyepiece, centering the target, and rotating drums to sharpen meridians. Lens power is recorded based on the orientation of central dots or lines in the target.
Similar to Two lense system (20)
More from Zeeshan Khalid
Conference poster final
This document presents a mathematical model for analyzing heat transfer during phase change processes in a latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) unit. The model considers heat transfer between a heat transfer fluid flowing through a circular tube and phase change material (PCM) contained in the cylindrical shell. Dimensionless governing equations are derived to model forced convection in the fluid and natural convection during PCM melting. An analytical solution is obtained for temperature distribution using exponential integral functions. Results show interface position varies with dimensionless time and is affected by parameters like Stefan number, Biot number, and Rayleigh number. Graphs illustrate increased melting rate with natural convection and effect of varying Stefan number and Biot number on interface position.
Conference ppt
This document presents a novel method called the Eigenfunction Expansion Method (EFEM) for analytically solving transient heat conduction problems with phase change in cylindrical coordinates. The method involves formulating the governing equations and associated boundary conditions, introducing coefficients, solving the eigenvalue problems, and representing the solution as a series expansion of the eigenfunctions. Dimensionless parameters are introduced to simplify the problem. The EFEM is then applied to solve a one-dimensional phase change problem. Results show that increasing the number of terms in the series expansion decreases the truncation error and that the Stefan number affects the melting fraction evolution over time.
Elementary particles and their properties
The document discusses the elementary particles that make up the universe. It explains that all matter is composed of atoms, which themselves are made of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are composed of quarks. The elementary particles are divided into three families with similar properties. Tables are provided that summarize the key properties of each particle such as mass, electric charge, strong charge, and weak charge. There are four fundamental forces that act on these particles: gravitation, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force.
Moleculer physics lect 1
This document discusses molecules and the different types of bonds that hold atoms together to form compounds. It describes ionic bonds, which form when one atom transfers electrons to another, and covalent bonds, which form when atoms share electrons. The document also discusses molecular spectra arising from rotational and vibrational energy levels of molecules, and how infrared spectroscopy can analyze molecular vibrations. Potential energy graphs illustrate the attractive and repulsive forces between atoms at different distances that determine molecular structure.
Laser produced plasmas ppt
This document discusses laser produced plasmas. It defines plasma as a quasi-neutral gas that exhibits collective behavior and comprises most of the visible universe. Plasma can be formed by applying enough energy, such as from electromagnetic fields, to tear electrons from neutral atoms. Laser produced plasmas are generated by focusing high intensity laser pulses on solid targets. Typical laser produced plasmas have temperature, density, and expansion velocity profiles that depend on the laser parameters. Applications of laser produced plasmas include use in medicine, as x-ray sources, and probing radiation biology with characteristic x-rays.
Zeeman Effect
The Zeeman effect is the splitting of a spectral line into multiple spectral lines when in the presence of a magnetic field. It was first observed in 1896 by Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman when he placed a sodium flame between magnetic poles and observed the broadening of spectral lines. Zeeman's discovery earned him the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics. The pattern and amount of splitting provides information about the strength and presence of the magnetic field.
Physics of atom
This document discusses the physics of atoms and their subatomic particles. It describes the Bohr model of the atom, which depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed orbits or shells. When electrons move between these shells, energy is absorbed or emitted in the form of radiation. The document also outlines the discoveries of subatomic particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons through experiments such as Rutherford's gold foil experiment and Chadwick's work. Finally, it provides the names, symbols, masses, and charges of the basic particles that make up an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Parallel universes
The document discusses four levels of possible parallel universes. Level I proposes that other universes may exist beyond the observable bounds of our own, as space is believed to be infinite. Level II suggests that other universes could have formed from bubbles in the early inflation of the universe. Level III describes the multiverse theory arising from the quantum mechanical many worlds interpretation. Level IV encompasses other mathematical structures that may constitute universes under different physical laws.
CT scan
CT scans use X-rays and computers to create detailed images of the inside of the body. CT scanning was independently developed in the 1970s by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack. A CT scan works by using an X-ray device and detector that rotate around the body, detecting differences in radiation absorption as they pass through tissues. The data is then used to construct a series of cross-sectional images of the bones, muscles, fat, and organs inside the body. CT scans allow doctors to see internal structures in great detail and find diseases that may not be visible on regular X-rays.
Doppler broadening
This document discusses Doppler broadening, which is the broadening of spectral lines caused by the Doppler effect of random thermal motion of molecules. Doppler broadening results in a lack of sharpness in spectral lines and a distribution of redshifted and blueshifted wavelengths due to a range of atomic speeds along the line of sight. The broadening depends on factors like the frequency, mass of emitting particles, and temperature, with higher temperatures resulting in greater broadening due to increased particle velocities. Doppler broadening also occurs in nuclear reactors as fuel temperature rises and uranium nuclei move more rapidly.
Nuclear physics 3 lectures
Radioactive decay occurs when an unstable atom emits particles or radiation to become more stable. There are three types of radioactive decay: alpha particle emission, beta particle emission, and gamma ray emission. Nuclear physics lectures covered radioactive decay and neutron interactions with nuclei. Neutrons can elastically scatter off nuclei through potential scattering. Neutrons can also be absorbed by nuclei to form an excited compound nucleus that then decays, emitting an energetic particle. The concept of neutron cross section is used to quantify the likelihood of interaction between an incident neutron and a target nucleus.
nuclear binding energy
This document provides an overview of basic nuclear physics concepts. It discusses the structure of atoms including protons, neutrons, and electrons. It defines terms like atomic number, mass number, and isotopes. It explains concepts such as binding energy, radioactive decay modes (alpha, beta, gamma), activity, and half-life. Radioactive decay is described as the process by which unstable atoms emit particles or radiation to become more stable. Common decay types and their products are outlined.
Quantum mechanics of black holes
This document discusses the quantum mechanics of black holes. It notes that quantum mechanics allows for time-reversed transitions between states, which contradicts classical general relativity descriptions of black holes. Specifically, general relativity says that a black hole absorbing another object can occur, but the reverse process of emission cannot. However, quantum mechanics predicts both absorption and emission are possible. Hawking resolved this contradiction by showing that black holes can spontaneously emit elementary particles via a quantum process, allowing the time-reversed transition and upholding the second law of thermodynamics at the quantum scale.
Liquification of gases
There are three main methods for liquefying gases:
1. Applying sufficient pressure to gases below their critical temperature to cause liquefaction. For example, liquefying carbon dioxide which has a critical temperature of 304K.
2. Making gases do work against an external force, such as in a steam engine, causing them to lose energy and lower in temperature.
3. Forcing gases through a nozzle or porous plug, making them do work against their own internal forces and lose energy, potentially reaching liquefaction after multiple repetitions of expanding through restrictions.
Ampere’s law
Ampere's law relates the magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop. It states that the line integral of the magnetic field around the loop equals the net current passing through the loop times the permeability of free space. The document provides examples of using Ampere's law to calculate magnetic fields for various current carrying wire configurations, including inside and outside a long straight wire, inside a solenoid, and inside and outside a toroidal coil.
Diffraction
When waves encounter obstacles like slits, they diffract or bend around the edges. Diffraction can be explained by Huygens' principle, which says each point on a wavefront acts as a new source. For a single slit, the new wavefront shape is determined by combining spherical wavelets from points across the slit. There are two types of diffraction: Fresnel, where distances are finite, and Fraunhofer, where incident waves are plane waves. X-ray diffraction uses wavelengths comparable to atomic sizes to determine crystal and molecular structures.
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Recently uploaded
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
Recently uploaded (20)
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Two lense system
- 2. Two lense system: • When two or more lenses are used in an optical system, the formula used to calculate the magnification of the final image produced by the system is: • Msystem = (Mlens #1)(Mlens #2)(Mlens #3) .... •
- 3. • When an optical system uses two lens, work each lens separately. Remember that the image of lens #1 will serve as the object for lens #2. If the image of lens #1 falls "in front of" lens #2, you can calculate the object distance for lens #2 by subtracting the value of di for lens #1 from the total distance separating the two lenses.
- 5. • In this example, two converging lens produce a final image which is real and upright. A scaled diagram would be necessary to determine how the height of the final image, I2, compares to the height of the original object, O. •
- 6. • A similar process will produce the image for a double lens system involving a converging and a diverging lens.
- 7. •
- 8. • In this second example, a converging lens followed by a diverging lens produce a final image which is virtual and inverted. A scaled diagram would be necessary to determine how the height of the final image, I2, compares to the height of the original object, O.
- 9. Two-lens system - example
- 10. • In most cases, though, it is easier to work through the analysis of the system from first principles. Consider an objective lens of focal length 100 mm, eyepiece of focal length 75 mm, 450 mm apart. Then if the object is 150 mm to the left of lens 1 the image in lens 1 will be given by • 1/v1 = 1/f1 + 1/u1 = 1/100 – 1/150 = 300
- 11. • that is 300 mm to the right of lens 1, or 150 mm to the left of lens 2. Thus the final image will be given by • 1/v2 = 1/f2 + 1/u2 = 1/75 – 1/150 = 1/150 The overall magnification is given by M = v1/u1 v2/u2 = 300/-150 150/-150 = 2