1. • Through colonization, immigration, and
trade, Greece and Rome civilizations have
worlwide Influence
2. The Development of European Civilization
Early Peoples
The Classical World
The Middle Ages
The Spread of European Civilization
Renaissance
Exploration
A Changing Europe
Revolutions
Conflict and Division
Cooperation and Unity
11. Roman Empire, AD 117
In terms of the vastness of territory, the Roman Empire reached its zenith under
the rule of Trajan during the 2nd century AD. In response to this expansion and
conquest, Roman leaders developed a dual system of law to govern citizens and
conquered subjects. Eventually all subjects became Roman citizens and the city
law (jus civile) of Rome became the law of the entire empire.
21. The Middle
Ages
• feudalism
• Roman
Catholic
Church
• Byzantine
Empire
Two Mediterranean civilization developed as models
for the western world
22.
23. Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire evolved from the Roman Empire’s eastern territories after the
Roman Empire’s western regions fell in the 5th century. Initial harmony between the
church and state fortified the early empire (4th-6th centuries). The Crusades taxed the
territories during the 11th century, precipitating a decline. Constantinople, the capital,
fell in 1453 to the Ottoman Turks, who conquered the last remnants of the Byzantine
Empire a few years later.
24.
25. Roman Bath
Public baths were an important part of Roman culture, which the Romans
brought to other parts of the empire. The Romans were attracted to the
natural hot springs near what is now the city of Bath in England. The Romans
founded the city of Bath and built the baths to take advantage of the
medicinal value of the water from the springs.
27. The First Crusade
In response to the announcement by Pope Urban II of a Crusade to the Holy
Land in 1095, Christian forces from western Europe converged on
Constantinople, where they united with Byzantine forces to attack Seljuk
armies in Anatolia and Muslim armies in Syria and Palestine. By 1099 the
Crusaders had achieved their goal—the capture of the city of Jerusalem.
However, Christian territories acquired during the First Crusade were
gradually lost over the next 200 years. Jerusalem was recaptured by Muslim
forces in 1187, and the last Christian stonghold in the Holy Land fell in 1291.
.
30. Venice was a
major port
and cultural
center
during the
middle ages
and the
Renaissance.
Today it is
still an
important
city of Italy.
31.
32. Medieval Schools
During the Middle Ages, advocates of Scholasticism sought to forge a
connection between classical Greek philosophy and Christian theology
through the use of logic. Teachers and instructors employed the concepts of
reason and revelation to teach their students how to think. In this 15th-
century Italian painting, parents take their children to see a teacher of
grammar.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37. Exploration
•Trade with colonies
in the Americas,
Australia, Asia, and
Africa brought great
wealth and power to
European nations. It
also increased
Europe’s global
influence
THE SPREAD OF EUROPEAN
CIVILIZATION
42. Early Industrial Plant
As the Industrial Revolution spread to the United States, plants such as this
textile factory appeared. Soon the production of exports outpaced import of
goods, and by the late 1800s America emerged as the world’s largest
industrial power.
44. Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini led Italy from
1922 to 1943. He founded the
first fascist political group and
later allied his country with
Germany in World War II.
Mussolini took the title Il Duce
(The Leader). His clenched fist,
jutting jaw, fiery speeches, and
dramatic poses became his
trademarks.
46. Map of the European Union
The European Union (EU) was formed in 1993 by the 12 nations of
the European Community. By 2007, the EU had grown in size to 27
countries. The EU allows European citizens greater freedom to work,
live, study, and travel in member states.
