ppt project

1. TUNNEL BORING MACHINE :
PPT PRESENTATION
BY – ROHIT GHOSH
B.TECH VTH SEM
(MINING ENGINEERING)

2. TUNNEL BORING
MACHINE (TBM)
• TUNNEL BORING MACHINE IS ALSO KNOWN
AS "MOLE" AS IT EXCAVATE TUNNELS WITH A
CIRCULAR CROSSESTION THROUGH VARIETY
OF SOIL AND ROCK STRATA . IT WAS FIRST
INVENTED ON 1863 BY BRITISH ARMY
OFFICER MAJOR FREDERICK EDWARD AND
BLACKETT BEAUMONT.

3. LINE
DIAGRAM
FOR TBM

4. TYPES OF
TBM :
• THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF TBM THEY ARE
AS FOLLOWS :
• 1 . HARD ROCK TBM:
• SHIELD TYPE TBM (SINGLE AND
DOUBLE TYPE)
• 2 . SOFT ROCK TBM :
• EARTH PRESSURE BALANCE MACHINE
[EPB]
• SLURRY SHIELD TBM

5. APPLICATION BASED ON TYPES OF TBM:
1. HARD ROCK TBM:
SINGLE SHIELD TBM :
• IT DOES NOT HAVE ANY SHEILD AS BECAUSE OF SOFT GROUND TYPE.
• EXCAVATION IS DONE BY CUTTER ROLLS TRANSFERRED THROUGH OPENING IN THE
CUTTER HEAD TO BELT CONVEYOR.
• THERE IS NO EXCAVATION CHAMBER AS CHIPS ARE OF SOLID NOT OF SLURRY.
• MORE SMOOTHER TUNNEL WALLS CAN BE CREATED BY SINGLE SHEILD TBM .
DOUBLE SHIELD TBM :
• THESE ARE THE MOST TECHNICALLY COMPLEX TUNNEL BORING MACHINE TYPE.
• THESE ARE IDEALLY SUITED FOR DRILLING LONG TUNNELS IN HARD ROCK WHERE
GEOLOGICAL FAULT ZONE OCCURS.
• ITS MAIN FEATURE IS AN EXTENDABLE FRONT SHIELD WHERE AS IN SINGLE SHIELD
HYDROLLIC THRUST ARE USED.

6. 2 . SOFT ROCK TBM
EPB TECNOLOGY :
• EPB IS USED IN SOFT GROUND TYPE LESS THAN 7 BARS OF PRESSURE.
• IT CONTAINS COMBINATION OF TUNGSTEN CARBIDE CUTTING BITS, CARBIDE DISC
CUTTERS/HARD ROCK DISC CUTTERS.
• IT GOT ITS NAME EPB BECAUSE OF ITS CAPABILITY OF HOLDING SOFT GROUNG BY
MAINTAING BALANCE BETWEEN EARTH AND PRESSURE.
• IT USE BENTONITE , POLYMERS AND FOAMTO STABILIZE THE GROUND.
SLURREY SHIELD TBM :
• IN SOFT GROUND WITH HIGH WATER PRESSURE AND LARGE AMOUNT OF GROUND
WATER SLURRY SHIELD TBM IS USED.
• IT OFFERS A COMPLETE WORKING ENVIRONMENT.
• THE MACHINE CONTAIN RECYCLING PLANTS FOR PURIFICATION OF WATER.

7. CONSTRUCTION
AND OPERATION :
1. THE WHOLE TBM IS TRACK MOUNTED.
2. THE WORKING PROCEDURE / OPERATION OF A TBM
MACHINE IS DIVIDED INTO 2 PHASES .
a) THE TUNNELING PHASE
b) THE RING BUILDING PHASE

8. TUNNELING
PHASE
PARTS USED IN TUNNELING
PHASE :

9. TUNNELING PHASE :
• THESE WHOLE MACHINE IS OPERATED FROM AN OPERATING CABIN WHICH IS
LOCATED IN THE MACHINE ITSELF.
• THE TUNNELING PHASE CONTAIN A CUTTING HEAD CONSIST OF MANY CUTTING
BLADES MADE OF STEEL USED TO CUT HARD ROCK BODIES.
• THE WHOLE CUTTING HEAD / WHEEL ROTATES UPTO 2 REVOLUTION / MIN .
• THE MAIN AIM IS TO CREATE A BALANCE BETWEEN AMOUNT OF MATERIAL CUT
TO AMOUNT OF MATERIAL REMOVED.
• NEARLY 50 HYDROLIC MOTORS DEVELOPING UPTO 94100KN OF TORQUE IS USED
TO ROTATE THE CUTTING HEAD / WHEEL.
• DURING SHEAR DRIVE IN UNSUPPORTED GROUND FACE SUPPORT IS GENERATED
TO COUNTER BALANCE AND STABLE THE SYSTEM.
• THE CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT OF THE MACHINE IS DONE BY HYDROLIC JACK
CYLINDERS BY APPLING 500 BARS OF PRESSURE AT CUTTING HEAD ALONG THE
CUTTING PHASE.
• IT ALSO HAS GRIPPERS WHICH ARE JUST LIKE A SUPPORTING ARMS OF TBM.
• THESE GRIPPERS ARE USED ONLY WHEN CUTTER HEAD MOVES FORWARD
AGAINST THE TUNNEL FACE.

10. TUNNELING PHASE
• ALL THE CUTOFF SOIL GET COLLECTED AND TRANSFER
THROUGH SCREW CONVEYOR CHAMBER WHICH INTERN GET
TRANSPORTED TO BELT CONEYOR CHAMBER.
• SOME TIMES SOME EXPLOSIVE FUMES LIKE FIREDAM MAY
ALSO ENTER THR CONVEYOR CHAMBERS SO IN ORDER TO
DEAL WITH IT GOOD AMOUNT OF VENTILATTION IS
PROVIDED AND FOR MORE SAFETY IT ALSO CONTAIN
EXPLOSIVE STATIONS.
• ONCE TUNNEL BUILDING PHASE IS COMPLETED AT A
REQUIRED DISTANCE THEN IT GETS STOPPED AND THE RING
BUILDING PHASE GET STARTED.

11. RING BUILDING PHASE :
PARTS OF RING BUILDING PHASE :

12. THE RING BUILDING
PHASE :
• THE COMPLETE MACHENE IS WORKING INSIDE
THE CONCRETE FRAME .
• THESE CONCRETE SEGMENTS ARE READY MADE
(i.e.) CREATED IN FACTORIES AND BEEN
SUPPLIED TO THE WORKING AREA .
• THESE CONCRETE FABRICATED PLATES ARE
LIFTED AND PLACED ON THE SEGMENT FEADER .
• A SEGMENT FEADER IS JUST A BELT DRIVE
SYSTEM CARRING THE SEGMENTS TO THE
ERRECTER.
• THESE CONCRETE FABRICATED PLATES ARE
LIFTED BY A HANGING CRANE WHICH LIFTS THE
PLATES WITH THE HELP OF A VACCUM PLATE.
• THE SEGMENT FEADER THEN PROCEEDS
FORWARD.

13. THE RING BUILDING
PHASE :
• THE ERRECTER COLLECTS THE CONCREATE SEGMENTS FROM THE
SEGMENT FEADER AND PLACE IT IN A CORRECT CIRCULAR SHAPE .
• THE ERRECTER IS A CIRCULAR DEVICE WHICH RUNS ON HANGING TRACK
.
• THESE ERRECTER CONSIST OF A VACCUME PLATE WHICH HELPS IN
LIFTING THE CONCRETE PLATES.
• THE ERRECTER HAS A SPEACIALLITY AS IT CAN ROTATE IN 360 DEGREE.
THESE HELPS THE ERRECTER TO PLACE THE SEGMENTS IN ITS PROPER
PLACE.
• THE ERRECTER RUNS ON LAZER TECNOLOGY WHICH PLACES THE
SEGMENT CORRECTLY.
• THE HYDROLIC JAG MOVE BACK AS THE SEGMENT IS TO BE PLACED AND
WHEN THE SEGMENT IS PLACED THEN THE JACK PRESSES IT TO IT PLACE
SO THAT THE SEGMENT COULD BE BOLTED ALONG THE PREVIOUS
SEGMENT.
• THE WHOLE PROCESS OF TUNNELING AND RING BUILDING IS
SIMULTANIOUS AND RUN CONTINUOUSLYONE AFTER OTHER.

14. ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
OF TBM :
ADVANTAGES :
• STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND SAFETY AT THE FACE AND
WORKING AREA .
• CONTINUOUS AND FAST IN OPERATION.
• CONSISTENT , LESS-SKILLED AND EASILY TRAINED OPERATION.
• SAFER AND PLEASANT WORKING ENVIRONMENT.
• LESS LABOUR NEEDED.
DISADVANTAGES :
• HIGH COST DUE TO NEED OF SUPPORTING THINGS SUCH AS
CONVEYOR BELTS , RAILS , SLURRY SEPARATING PLANT , SLURRY
PIPELINES ETC.
• HIGH COST OF ASSOCIATED SUPPLIES (i.e.) TBM CUTTERS ETC.
• TBM EXCAVATION RATES IS 4 TO 6 TIMES HIGHER BECAUSE OF
WHICH ITS USAGE ITS MAINTAINANCE COST INCREASES.

15. CONCLUSION
• IT IS AN ALL IN ONE MACHINE WITH ALL THE
EQUIPMENT FITTED AND THUS ELIMINATES
LONG PROCEDURE OF BLASTING , DRILLING ,
LEVELING , AND DUMPING .

16. THANK U